Vayu Purana — Purvardha — Chapter 57
VaP 1 57.1
।।ऋषय ऊचुः ।। चतुर्युगानि यान्यासन् पूर्वं स्वायम्भुवेऽन्तरे । तेषां निसर्गं तत्त्वञ्च श्रोतुमिच्छामि विस्तरात्
||ṛṣaya ūcuḥ || caturyugāni yānyāsan pūrvaṃ svāyambhuve'ntare | teṣāṃ nisargaṃ tattvañca śrotumicchāmi vistarāt
The sages said: The four ages that formerly were in the Svāyambhuva interval — I wish to hear at length of their production and their true nature.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.2
।।सूत उवाच।। पृथिव्यादिप्रसङ्गेन यन्मया प्रागुदाहृतम्। तेषाञ्चतुर्युगं ह्येतत् प्रवक्ष्यामि निबोधत
||sūta uvāca|| pṛthivyādiprasaṅgena yanmayā prāgudāhṛtam| teṣāñcaturyugaṃ hyetat pravakṣyāmi nibodhata
Sūta said: What I set forth earlier in connection with the earth and the rest — this set of four ages belonging to them I shall now proclaim; listen.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.3
सङ्ख्ययेह प्रसङ्ख्याय विस्ताराच्चैव सर्वशः। युगञ्च युगभेदञ्च युगधर्मन्तथैव च
saṅkhyayeha prasaṅkhyāya vistārāccaiva sarvaśaḥ| yugañca yugabhedañca yugadharmantathaiva ca
Having reckoned (it) here by number and in full detail in every way, (I shall tell) the age, and the division of the ages, and likewise the law of each age,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.4
युगसन्ध्यंशकञ्चैव युगसन्धानमेव च। षट्प्रकारयुगाख्यानां प्रवक्ष्यामीह तत्त्वतः
yugasandhyaṃśakañcaiva yugasandhānameva ca| ṣaṭprakārayugākhyānāṃ pravakṣyāmīha tattvataḥ
and the fractional part of the age-twilights, and the joining of the ages: I shall proclaim here, as it truly is, the sixfold account of the ages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.5
लौकिकेन प्रमाणेन विबुद्धोऽब्दस्तु मानुषः। तेनाब्देन प्रसङ्ख्याय वक्ष्यामीह चतुर्युगम्
laukikena pramāṇena vibuddho'bdastu mānuṣaḥ| tenābdena prasaṅkhyāya vakṣyāmīha caturyugam
By worldly measure the human year is well understood; reckoning by that year I shall tell here of the four ages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.6
. निमेषकालः काष्ठा च कलाश्चापि मुहूर्त्तकाः। निमेषकालतुल्यं हि विद्याल्लघ्वक्षरञ्चयत्
. nimeṣakālaḥ kāṣṭhā ca kalāścāpi muhūrttakāḥ| nimeṣakālatulyaṃ hi vidyāllaghvakṣarañcayat
(The units are) the time of a wink, the kāṣṭhā, the kalās, and also the muhūrtas; one should know that a short syllable is equal to the time of a wink.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.7
काष्ठा निमेषा दश पञ्च चैव त्रिंशच्च काष्ठा गणयेत् कलास्ताः। त्रिंशत् कलाश्चैव भवेन्मुहूर्त्तास्तत्र्त्रिंशता रात्र्यहनी समेते
kāṣṭhā nimeṣā daśa pañca caiva triṃśacca kāṣṭhā gaṇayet kalāstāḥ| triṃśat kalāścaiva bhavenmuhūrttāstatrtriṃśatā rātryahanī samete
Fifteen winks (make) a kāṣṭhā; thirty kāṣṭhās one should count as a kalā; thirty kalās make a muhūrta; and by thirty of these together the night and the day are made up.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.8
अहोरात्रे विभजते सूर्यो मानुषदैविके। तत्राहः कर्मचेष्टायां रात्रिः स्वप्नाय कल्प्यते
ahorātre vibhajate sūryo mānuṣadaivike| tatrāhaḥ karmaceṣṭāyāṃ rātriḥ svapnāya kalpyate
The sun divides day and night for men and for the gods; there the day is meant for the exertion of work, the night is assigned to sleep.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.9
पित्र्ये रात्र्यहनी मासः प्रविभागस्तयोः पुनः। कृष्ण पक्षस्त्वहस्तेषां शुक्लः स्वप्नाय शर्वरी
pitrye rātryahanī māsaḥ pravibhāgastayoḥ punaḥ| kṛṣṇa pakṣastvahasteṣāṃ śuklaḥ svapnāya śarvarī
For the fathers, day and night are a month, and its division again is this: the dark fortnight is their day, the bright fortnight the night for sleep.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.10
त्रिंशच्च मानुषा मासाः पित्र्यो मासश्च स स्मृतः। शतानि त्रीणि मासानां षष्टया चाप्यधिकानि वै। पित्र्यः संवत्सरो ह्येष मानुषेण विभाव्यते
triṃśacca mānuṣā māsāḥ pitryo māsaśca sa smṛtaḥ| śatāni trīṇi māsānāṃ ṣaṣṭayā cāpyadhikāni vai| pitryaḥ saṃvatsaro hyeṣa mānuṣeṇa vibhāvyate
Thirty human months, and that is reckoned as a month of the ancestors; three hundred months and sixty more besides — this indeed is a year of the ancestors, computed by human (reckoning).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.11
मानुषेणैव मानेन वर्षाणां यच्छतं भवेत् । पिदॄणां त्रीणि वर्षाणि सङ्खयातानीह तानि वै। चत्वार श्चाधिका मासाः पित्रे चैवेह कीर्त्तिताः
mānuṣeṇaiva mānena varṣāṇāṃ yacchataṃ bhavet | pidṝṇāṃ trīṇi varṣāṇi saṅkhayātānīha tāni vai| catvāra ścādhikā māsāḥ pitre caiveha kīrttitāḥ
Whatever comes to a hundred years by the human measure — those are counted here as three years of the ancestors, and four months more are declared here for the ancestor.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.12
लोकिकेनैव मानेन अब्दो यो मानुषः स्मृतः। एतद्दिव्यमहोरात्रं शास्त्रेऽस्मिन् निश्वयो मतः
lokikenaiva mānena abdo yo mānuṣaḥ smṛtaḥ| etaddivyamahorātraṃ śāstre'smin niśvayo mataḥ
The year that is reckoned as human by the worldly measure — this is a day-and-night of the gods; in this treatise that is held to be settled.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.13
दिव्ये रात्र्यहनी वर्षं प्रविभागस्तयोः पुनः । अहस्तत्रोदगयनं रात्रिः स्याद्दक्षिणायनम्
divye rātryahanī varṣaṃ pravibhāgastayoḥ punaḥ | ahastatrodagayanaṃ rātriḥ syāddakṣiṇāyanam
A divine night and day is a year; and again the division of the two: there the day is the northward course (of the sun), the night would be the southward course.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.14
ये ते रात्र्यहनी दिव्ये प्रसङ्खयाते तयोः पुनः। त्रिंशच्च तानि वर्षाणि दिव्यो मासस्तु स स्मृतः
ye te rātryahanī divye prasaṅkhayāte tayoḥ punaḥ| triṃśacca tāni varṣāṇi divyo māsastu sa smṛtaḥ
Those divine nights and days, when the two of them are again reckoned up — thirty of those years are reckoned as a divine month.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.15
मानुषञ्च शतं विद्धि दिव्यमासास्त्रयस्तु ते। दश चैव तथाहानि दिव्यो ह्येष विधिः स्मृतः
mānuṣañca śataṃ viddhi divyamāsāstrayastu te| daśa caiva tathāhāni divyo hyeṣa vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ
Know a human hundred (of years) to be three divine months and ten days as well; for this is reckoned the divine rule.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.16
त्रीणि पर्षशतान्येव षष्टिवर्षाणि यानि च। दिव्यः संवत्सरो ह्येष मानुषेण प्रकीर्त्तितः
trīṇi parṣaśatānyeva ṣaṣṭivarṣāṇi yāni ca| divyaḥ saṃvatsaro hyeṣa mānuṣeṇa prakīrttitaḥ
Three hundred years and the sixty years besides — this is proclaimed to be a divine year by human (reckoning).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.17
त्रीणि वर्षसहस्राणि मानुषेण प्रमाणतः। त्रिंशद्यानि तु वर्षाणि मतः सप्तर्षिवत्सरः
trīṇi varṣasahasrāṇi mānuṣeṇa pramāṇataḥ| triṃśadyāni tu varṣāṇi mataḥ saptarṣivatsaraḥ
Three thousand years by the human measure, and thirty years (more) — that is held to be a year of the Seven Sages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.18
नव यानि सहस्राणि वर्षाणां मानुषाणि तु । अन्यानि नवतिश्चैव क्रौञ्चः संवत्सरः स्मृतः
nava yāni sahasrāṇi varṣāṇāṃ mānuṣāṇi tu | anyāni navatiścaiva krauñcaḥ saṃvatsaraḥ smṛtaḥ
The nine thousand human years, and ninety more — that is reckoned the Krauñca year.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.19
षट्त्रिंशत्तु सहस्राणि वर्षाणां मानुषाणि तु । वर्षाणान्तु शतं ज्ञेयं दिव्यो ह्येष विधिः स्मृतः
ṣaṭtriṃśattu sahasrāṇi varṣāṇāṃ mānuṣāṇi tu | varṣāṇāntu śataṃ jñeyaṃ divyo hyeṣa vidhiḥ smṛtaḥ
Thirty-six thousand human years — this is to be known as a hundred (divine) years; for this is reckoned the divine rule.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.20
त्रीण्येव नियुतान्येव वर्षाणां मानुषाणि च। षष्टिश्चैव सहस्राणि सङ्ख्यातानि तु सङ्ख्यया। दिव्यवर्षसहस्रन्तु प्राहुः सङ्ख्याविदो जनाः
trīṇyeva niyutānyeva varṣāṇāṃ mānuṣāṇi ca| ṣaṣṭiścaiva sahasrāṇi saṅkhyātāni tu saṅkhyayā| divyavarṣasahasrantu prāhuḥ saṅkhyāvido janāḥ
Three hundred thousand human years, and sixty thousand, when counted by calculation — that, people who know calculation call a thousand divine years.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.21
इत्येवमृषिभिर्गीतं दिव्यया सङ्ख्ययान्वितम्। दिव्येनैव प्रमाणेन युगसङ्कचाप्रकल्पनम्
ityevamṛṣibhirgītaṃ divyayā saṅkhyayānvitam| divyenaiva pramāṇena yugasaṅkacāprakalpanam
Thus this has been sung by the sages, together with the divine reckoning: by the divine measure alone is the computation of the number of the ages (made).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.22
चत्वारि भारते वर्षे युगानि कवयो विदुः। पूर्वं कृतयुगं नाम ततस्त्रेता विधीयते। द्वापरश्च कलि श्चैव युगान्येतानि कल्पयेत्
catvāri bhārate varṣe yugāni kavayo viduḥ| pūrvaṃ kṛtayugaṃ nāma tatastretā vidhīyate| dvāparaśca kali ścaiva yugānyetāni kalpayet
In the land of Bharata the seers know four ages: first the one named Kṛta, then Tretā is laid down, and Dvāpara and Kali — one should reckon these as the ages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.23
चत्वार्याहुः सहस्राणि वर्षाणान्तु कृतं युगम्। तत्र तावच्छती सन्ध्या सन्ध्यांशश्च तथाविधः
catvāryāhuḥ sahasrāṇi varṣāṇāntu kṛtaṃ yugam| tatra tāvacchatī sandhyā sandhyāṃśaśca tathāvidhaḥ
They say the Kṛta age is four thousand years; there the twilight (period) is as many hundreds, and the twilight-portion is of the same measure.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.24
इत रासु च सन्ध्यासु सन्ध्यांशेषु च वै त्रिषु । एकापायेन वर्त्तन्ते सहस्राणि शतानि च
ita rāsu ca sandhyāsu sandhyāṃśeṣu ca vai triṣu | ekāpāyena varttante sahasrāṇi śatāni ca
And in the other twilights and in the three twilight-portions, the thousands and the hundreds proceed by a decrease of one (each).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.25
त्रेता त्रीणि सहस्राणि सङ्ख्यैव परिकीर्त्यते। तस्यास्तु त्रिशती सन्ध्या सन्ध्यांशश्च तथाविधः
tretā trīṇi sahasrāṇi saṅkhyaiva parikīrtyate| tasyāstu triśatī sandhyā sandhyāṃśaśca tathāvidhaḥ
Tretā's number is declared to be just three thousand; and its twilight is three hundred, and the twilight-portion is of the same measure.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.26
द्वापरं द्वे सहस्रे तु युगमाहुर्मनीषिणः । तस्यापि द्विशती सन्ध्या सन्धयांशः सन्ध्यया समः
dvāparaṃ dve sahasre tu yugamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ | tasyāpi dviśatī sandhyā sandhayāṃśaḥ sandhyayā samaḥ
The wise say the Dvāpara age is two thousand; its twilight too is two hundred, and the twilight-portion is equal to the twilight.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.27
कलिं वर्षसहस्रन्तु युगमाहुर्मनीषिणः। तस्याप्येकशती सन्ध्या सन्ध्यया समः
kaliṃ varṣasahasrantu yugamāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ| tasyāpyekaśatī sandhyā sandhyayā samaḥ
The wise say the Kali age is a thousand years; its twilight too is one hundred, and (the twilight-portion) is equal to the twilight.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.28
एषा द्वादशसाहस्री युगाख्या परिकीर्त्तिता। कृतं त्रेता द्वापरञ्च कलिश्चैव चतुष्टयम्
eṣā dvādaśasāhasrī yugākhyā parikīrttitā| kṛtaṃ tretā dvāparañca kaliścaiva catuṣṭayam
This aggregate of twelve thousand is declared to bear the name of the ages: Kṛta, Tretā, Dvāpara and Kali — the set of four.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.29
अत्र संवत्सराः सृष्टा मानुषेण प्रमाणतः। कृतस्य तावद्वक्ष्यामि वर्षाणां तत्प्रमाणतः
atra saṃvatsarāḥ sṛṣṭā mānuṣeṇa pramāṇataḥ| kṛtasya tāvadvakṣyāmi varṣāṇāṃ tatpramāṇataḥ
Here the years have been laid out by the human measure; so now I shall tell of the years of the Kṛta (age) by that measure.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.30
सहस्राणां शतान्यत्र चतुर्दश तु सङ्ख्यया। चत्वारिंशत् सहस्राणि कलिकालयुगस्य तु
sahasrāṇāṃ śatānyatra caturdaśa tu saṅkhyayā| catvāriṃśat sahasrāṇi kalikālayugasya tu
Here (the number) is fourteen hundreds of thousands by count; but forty thousand for the age called Kali.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.31
एवं सङ्ख्यातकालश्च कालेष्विह विशेषतः। एवं चतुर्युगः कालो विना सन्ध्यांशकैः स्मृतः
evaṃ saṅkhyātakālaśca kāleṣviha viśeṣataḥ| evaṃ caturyugaḥ kālo vinā sandhyāṃśakaiḥ smṛtaḥ
Thus is the time reckoned, distinctly, among the (several) times; thus the time of the four yugas is taught, without the twilight portions.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.32
चत्वारिंशत्र्त्रीणि चैव नियुतानि च सङ्ख्यया । विंशतिश्च सहस्राणि ससन्ध्यांशश्चतुर्युगः
catvāriṃśatrtrīṇi caiva niyutāni ca saṅkhyayā | viṃśatiśca sahasrāṇi sasandhyāṃśaścaturyugaḥ
Forty and three niyutas (millions) by count, and twenty thousand: (such is) the four-yuga (period) together with its twilight portions.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.33
एवं चतुर्युगाख्या तु साधिका ह्येकसप्ततिः। कृतत्रेतादियुक्ता सा मनोरन्तरमुच्यते
evaṃ caturyugākhyā tu sādhikā hyekasaptatiḥ| kṛtatretādiyuktā sā manorantaramucyate
Thus the (period) called the four yugas, seventy-one times with a surplus, joined with the Kṛta, Tretā and the rest — that is called a manvantara.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.34
मन्वन्तरस्य सङ्ख्या तु वर्षाग्रेण निबोधत। त्रिंशत्कोट्यस्तु वर्षाणां मानुषेण प्रकीर्तिताः
manvantarasya saṅkhyā tu varṣāgreṇa nibodhata| triṃśatkoṭyastu varṣāṇāṃ mānuṣeṇa prakīrtitāḥ
Learn now the reckoning of a manvantara by the total of years: thirty koṭis of years are declared, by human (measure),
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.35
सप्तषष्टिस्तथान्यानि नियुतान्यधिकानि तु। विंशतिश्च सहस्राणि कालोऽयं साधिकां विना
saptaṣaṣṭistathānyāni niyutānyadhikāni tu| viṃśatiśca sahasrāṇi kālo'yaṃ sādhikāṃ vinā
and further sixty-seven niyutas (hundred-thousands) in addition, and twenty thousand — this is the time, apart from the surplus.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.36
मन्वन्तरस्य सङ्ख्यैषा सङ्ख्याविद्भिर्द्विजैः स्मृता। मन्वन्तरस्य कालोऽयं युगैः सार्द्धं प्रकीर्तितः
manvantarasya saṅkhyaiṣā saṅkhyāvidbhirdvijaiḥ smṛtā| manvantarasya kālo'yaṃ yugaiḥ sārddhaṃ prakīrtitaḥ
This is the reckoning of a manvantara, as taught by brahmins skilled in reckoning; this time of a manvantara has been declared together with the yugas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.37
चतुः सहस्रयुक्तं वै प्रथमन्तत् कृतं युगम्। त्रेतावशिष्टं वक्ष्यामि द्वापरं कलिमेव च
catuḥ sahasrayuktaṃ vai prathamantat kṛtaṃ yugam| tretāvaśiṣṭaṃ vakṣyāmi dvāparaṃ kalimeva ca
That first Kṛta yuga is joined with four thousand (years); I shall (now) tell the remainder — Tretā, Dvāpara, and Kali.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.38
युगपत्समवेतार्थो द्विधा वक्तुं न शक्यते। क्रमागतं मया ह्येतत्तुभ्यं प्रोक्तं युगद्वयम्। ऋषिवंशप्रसङ्गेन व्याकुलत्वात्तथैव च
yugapatsamavetārtho dvidhā vaktuṃ na śakyate| kramāgataṃ mayā hyetattubhyaṃ proktaṃ yugadvayam| ṛṣivaṃśaprasaṅgena vyākulatvāttathaiva ca
A matter whose parts occur simultaneously cannot be told in two ways at once; hence this pair of yugas has been told by me to you in sequence, and also because of the confusion caused by the digression on the lineages of the seers.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.39
तत्र त्रेतायुगस्यादौ मनुः सप्तर्षयश्च ते। श्रौतं स्मार्त्तञ्च धर्मञ्च ब्रह्मणा च प्रचोदितम्
tatra tretāyugasyādau manuḥ saptarṣayaśca te| śrautaṃ smārttañca dharmañca brahmaṇā ca pracoditam
There, at the beginning of the Tretā yuga, Manu and those seven seers (set forth) the dharma both of śruti and of smṛti, urged on by Brahmā.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.40
दाराग्निहोत्रसंयोगमृग्यजुः सामसंज्ञितम्। इत्यादिलक्षणं श्रौतं धर्मं सप्तर्षयोऽब्रुवन्
dārāgnihotrasaṃyogamṛgyajuḥ sāmasaṃjñitam| ityādilakṣaṇaṃ śrautaṃ dharmaṃ saptarṣayo'bruvan
The union with a wife and with the fire-offering, that which is named Ṛg, Yajus and Sāman — the śruti-based dharma with such marks the seven seers declared.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.41
परस्परागतं धर्मं स्मार्त्तञ्चाचारलक्षणम्। वर्णाश्रमाचारयुतं मनुः स्वायम्भुवोऽब्रवीत्
parasparāgataṃ dharmaṃ smārttañcācāralakṣaṇam| varṇāśramācārayutaṃ manuḥ svāyambhuvo'bravīt
The dharma handed down from one to another, the smṛti-based dharma characterised by custom, together with the practices of the classes and life-stages, Manu Svāyambhuva declared.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.42
सत्येन ब्रह्मचर्येण श्रुतेन तपसा च वै। तेषां सुतप्ततपसामार्षेयेण क्रमेण तु
satyena brahmacaryeṇa śrutena tapasā ca vai| teṣāṃ sutaptatapasāmārṣeyeṇa krameṇa tu
By truth, by chastity, by sacred learning and by austerity — of those (seers) whose austerity was well performed, in the order of the seers' descent,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.43
सप्तर्षीणां मनोश्चैव आद्ये त्रेतायुगस्य तु । अबुद्धिपूर्वकं तेषामक्रियापूर्वमेव च
saptarṣīṇāṃ manoścaiva ādye tretāyugasya tu | abuddhipūrvakaṃ teṣāmakriyāpūrvameva ca
of the seven seers and of Manu, at the beginning of the Tretā yuga, (this happened) to them without prior deliberation and without prior action:
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.44
अभिव्यक्तास्तु ते मन्त्रास्तारकाद्यैर्निदर्शनैः। आदिकल्पे तु देवानां प्रादुर्भूतास्तु ते स्वयम्
abhivyaktāstu te mantrāstārakādyairnidarśanaiḥ| ādikalpe tu devānāṃ prādurbhūtāstu te svayam
those mantras became manifest through such signs as the stars and the rest; but in the first kalpa they appeared of themselves to the gods.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.45
प्रणाशे त्वथ सिद्धीनामप्यासाञ्च प्रवर्त्तनम्। आसन् मन्त्रा व्यतीतेषु ये कल्पेषु सहस्रशः। तेमन्त्रा वै पुनस्तेषां प्रतिभाससमुत्थिताः
praṇāśe tvatha siddhīnāmapyāsāñca pravarttanam| āsan mantrā vyatīteṣu ye kalpeṣu sahasraśaḥ| temantrā vai punasteṣāṃ pratibhāsasamutthitāḥ
But on the destruction of the (former) attainments, there is also the setting in motion of these again. Mantras existed by thousands in the kalpas that had passed; those very mantras arose again for them (the seers) out of intuitive appearance.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.46
ऋचो यजूंषि सामानि मन्त्राश्चाथर्वणानि च। सप्तर्षिभिस्तु ते प्रोक्ताः स्मार्तं धर्मं मनुर्जगौ
ṛco yajūṃṣi sāmāni mantrāścātharvaṇāni ca| saptarṣibhistu te proktāḥ smārtaṃ dharmaṃ manurjagau
The ṛc verses, the yajus formulas, the sāmans, and the Atharvan mantras — these were uttered by the seven seers, while Manu chanted the smṛti-based dharma.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.47
त्रेतादौ संहिता वेदाः केवला धर्मशेषतः। संरोधादायुषश्चैव व्यस्यन्ते द्वापरेषु ते
tretādau saṃhitā vedāḥ kevalā dharmaśeṣataḥ| saṃrodhādāyuṣaścaiva vyasyante dvāpareṣu te
At the beginning of Tretā the Vedas are single collections, according to what remains of dharma; but because of the contraction of lifespan they are divided up in the Dvāpara ages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.48
ऋषयस्तपसा देवाः कलौ च द्वापरेषु वै। अनादिनिधना दिव्याः पूर्वं सृष्टाः स्वयम्भुवा
ṛṣayastapasā devāḥ kalau ca dvāpareṣu vai| anādinidhanā divyāḥ pūrvaṃ sṛṣṭāḥ svayambhuvā
By austerity the seers (became) gods, in Kali too and in the Dvāpara ages; divine, without beginning or end, they were created of old by the Self-existent.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.49
सधर्माः सप्रजाः साङ्गा यथाधर्मं युगे युगे। विक्रीडन्ते समानार्था वेदवादा यथायुगम्
sadharmāḥ saprajāḥ sāṅgā yathādharmaṃ yuge yuge| vikrīḍante samānārthā vedavādā yathāyugam
Possessed of dharma, of offspring, and of the auxiliary (sciences), in accordance with dharma in age after age they sport, having the same purpose — the Vedic doctrines being according to the age.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.50
आरम्भयज्ञा क्षत्रस्य हविर्यज्ञा विशाम्पतेः। परिचार यज्ञाः शूद्रास्तु जपयज्ञा द्विजोत्तमाः
ārambhayajñā kṣatrasya haviryajñā viśāmpateḥ| paricāra yajñāḥ śūdrāstu japayajñā dvijottamāḥ
Sacrifices of undertaking (belong) to the kṣatriya, offering-sacrifices (haviryajña) to the lord of the vaiśyas; the śūdras have the sacrifice of service, while the twice-born best (of men) have the sacrifice of muttered prayer.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.51
तथा प्रमुदिता वर्णास्त्रेतायां धर्मपालिताः। क्रियावन्तः प्रजावन्तः समृद्धाः सुखिनस्तथा
tathā pramuditā varṇāstretāyāṃ dharmapālitāḥ| kriyāvantaḥ prajāvantaḥ samṛddhāḥ sukhinastathā
Thus in the Tretā (age) the classes were delighted, protected by dharma, performing rites, possessing offspring, prosperous, and so happy.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.52
ब्राह्मणाननुवर्त्तन्ते क्षत्रियाः क्षत्रियान् विशः। वैश्यानुवर्तिनः शूद्राः परस्परमनुव्रताः
brāhmaṇānanuvarttante kṣatriyāḥ kṣatriyān viśaḥ| vaiśyānuvartinaḥ śūdrāḥ parasparamanuvratāḥ
The kṣatriyas follow the brāhmaṇas, the vaiśyas the kṣatriyas, the śūdras are followers of the vaiśyas, each devoted to the other.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.53
शुभाः प्रवृत्तयस्तेषां धर्मा वर्णाश्रमास्तथा। सङ्कल्पितेन मनसा वाचोक्तेन स्वसर्मणा। त्रेतायुगे त्वविकलः कर्म्मारम्भः प्रसिद्ध्यति
śubhāḥ pravṛttayasteṣāṃ dharmā varṇāśramāstathā| saṅkalpitena manasā vācoktena svasarmaṇā| tretāyuge tvavikalaḥ karmmārambhaḥ prasiddhyati
Their activities were auspicious, and so (were) the duties of the classes and the stages of life; in the Tretā age the undertaking of action, by means of the mind's resolve, by speech uttered, and by one's own act, succeeds without defect.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.54
आयुर्मेधा बलं रूपमारोग्यं धर्मशीलता। सर्वसाधारणा ह्येते त्रेतायां वै भवन्त्युत
āyurmedhā balaṃ rūpamārogyaṃ dharmaśīlatā| sarvasādhāraṇā hyete tretāyāṃ vai bhavantyuta
Long life, intelligence, strength, beauty, health, and virtuous conduct — these indeed belong to all alike in the Tretā (age).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.55
वर्णाश्रमव्यवस्थानं तेषां ब्रह्मा तथाकरोत् । पुनः प्रजास्तु ता मोहात्तान् धर्मान्न ह्यपालयन्
varṇāśramavyavasthānaṃ teṣāṃ brahmā tathākarot | punaḥ prajāstu tā mohāttān dharmānna hyapālayan
Brahmā thus made for them the ordering of classes and stages of life; but again those creatures, out of delusion, did not keep to those duties.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.56
परस्परविरोधेन मनुन्ताः पुनरन्वयुः। मनुः स्वायम्भुवो दृष्ट्वा याथातथ्यं प्रजापतिः
parasparavirodhena manuntāḥ punaranvayuḥ| manuḥ svāyambhuvo dṛṣṭvā yāthātathyaṃ prajāpatiḥ
Through mutual opposition they again resorted to Manu; and Manu Svāyambhuva, the lord of creatures, seeing how things really stood—
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.57
धाता तु शतरूपायाः पुमान् स उदपादयत्। प्रियव्रतोत्तानपादौ प्रधमन्तौ महीपती
dhātā tu śatarūpāyāḥ pumān sa udapādayat| priyavratottānapādau pradhamantau mahīpatī
—the Ordainer, he, a male, begot of Śatarūpā Priyavrata and Uttānapāda, the two first kings of the earth.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.58
ततः प्रभृति राजान उत्पन्ना दण्डधारिणः। प्रजानां रञ्जनाच्चैव राजानस्त्वभवन्नृषाः
tataḥ prabhṛti rājāna utpannā daṇḍadhāriṇaḥ| prajānāṃ rañjanāccaiva rājānastvabhavannṛṣāḥ
From that time onward kings arose, wielders of the rod (of punishment); and because of their pleasing (rañjana) the people, they became 'rājans', O sages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.59
प्रच्छन्नपापा ये जेतुमशक्या मनुजा भुवि। धर्मसंस्थापनार्थाय तेषां शास्त्रे तपो मया
pracchannapāpā ye jetumaśakyā manujā bhuvi| dharmasaṃsthāpanārthāya teṣāṃ śāstre tapo mayā
Those men on earth whose sins are concealed, who cannot be conquered — for the sake of establishing dharma, my austerity (is directed) at their instruction.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.60
वर्णानां प्रविभागाश्च त्रेतायां संप्रकीर्तिताः। संहिताश्च ततो मन्त्रा ऋषभिर्ब्रह्मणैस्तु ते
varṇānāṃ pravibhāgāśca tretāyāṃ saṃprakīrtitāḥ| saṃhitāśca tato mantrā ṛṣabhirbrahmaṇaistu te
And the divisions of the classes have been proclaimed (as they were) in the Tretā (age); and thereafter the mantras were compiled by the brahman seers.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.61
यज्ञः प्रवर्तितश्चैव तदा ह्येवन्तु दैवतैः। यामैः शुक्लैर्जपैश्चैव सर्वसम्भारसंवृतैः
yajñaḥ pravartitaścaiva tadā hyevantu daivataiḥ| yāmaiḥ śuklairjapaiścaiva sarvasambhārasaṃvṛtaiḥ
And sacrifice was set in motion at that very time by the gods, by the Yāmas, the Śuklas, and the Japas, provided with all requisites.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.62
सार्द्धं विश्वभुजा चैव देवेन्द्रेण महौजसा। स्वायम्भुवेऽन्तरे देवैर्यज्ञास्ते प्राक् प्रवर्तिताः
sārddhaṃ viśvabhujā caiva devendreṇa mahaujasā| svāyambhuve'ntare devairyajñāste prāk pravartitāḥ
Together with Viśvabhuj, the mighty lord of the gods, in the Svāyambhuva interval those sacrifices were formerly set in motion by the gods.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.63
सत्यं जपस्तपो दानं त्रेतायां धर्म उच्यते। क्रिया धर्मश्च ह्रसते सत्यधर्मः प्रवर्त्तते
satyaṃ japastapo dānaṃ tretāyāṃ dharma ucyate| kriyā dharmaśca hrasate satyadharmaḥ pravarttate
Truth, recitation, austerity, and giving are said to be the dharma in the Tretā (age); ritual action and (its) dharma diminish, (while) the dharma of truth prevails.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.64
प्रजायन्ते ततः शूरा आयुष्मन्तो महाबलाः। न्यस्तदण्डमहाभागा यज्वानो ब्रह्मवादिनः
prajāyante tataḥ śūrā āyuṣmanto mahābalāḥ| nyastadaṇḍamahābhāgā yajvāno brahmavādinaḥ
Then are born heroes, long-lived, of great strength, greatly fortunate, laying aside the rod, sacrificers, expounders of the Veda,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.65
पद्म पत्रायताक्षाश्च पृथूरस्काः सुसंहिताः। सिंहान्तका महासत्त्वा मत्तमातङ्गगामिनः
padma patrāyatākṣāśca pṛthūraskāḥ susaṃhitāḥ| siṃhāntakā mahāsattvā mattamātaṅgagāminaḥ
with eyes long as lotus petals, broad-chested, well knit together, lion-... , of great vigour, moving like an elephant in rut,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.66
महाधनुर्द्धराश्चैव त्रेतायां चक्रवर्तिनः। सर्वलक्षणसम्पन्ना न्यग्रोधपरिमण्डलाः
mahādhanurddharāścaiva tretāyāṃ cakravartinaḥ| sarvalakṣaṇasampannā nyagrodhaparimaṇḍalāḥ
and great wielders of the bow, universal emperors in the Tretā (age), endowed with all the (auspicious) marks, of the banyan's rounded proportion.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.67
न्यग्रोधौ तौ स्मृतौ बाहू व्यामो न्यग्रोध उच्यते। वामेनैवोच्छ्रयाद्यस्य सम ऊर्द्ध्वन्तु देहिनः। समुच्छ्रयः परीणाहो ज्ञेयो न्यग्रोधमण्डलः
nyagrodhau tau smṛtau bāhū vyāmo nyagrodha ucyate| vāmenaivocchrayādyasya sama ūrddhvantu dehinaḥ| samucchrayaḥ parīṇāho jñeyo nyagrodhamaṇḍalaḥ
Those two arms are called the nyagrodha; the nyagrodha is said to be a fathom (vyāma). By the left (arm?) — one whose height above is equal — of the embodied one: the equal height and the girth are to be known as the banyan-circle.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.68
चक्रं रथो मणिर्भार्या निधिरश्चागजास्तथा। सप्तातिशयरत्नानि सर्वेषाञ्चक्रवर्त्तिनाम्
cakraṃ ratho maṇirbhāryā nidhiraścāgajāstathā| saptātiśayaratnāni sarveṣāñcakravarttinām
The discus, the chariot, the jewel, the wife, the treasure, the horse and the elephant: these are the seven surpassing treasures of all universal emperors.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.69
thumb|400px|चक्रवर्ती thumb|400px|चतुर्दशरत्नानि चक्रं रथो मणिः खड्गं धनूरत्नञ्च पञ्चमम्। केतुर्निधिश्च सप्तैते प्राणहीनाः प्रकीर्त्तिताः
thumb|400px|cakravartī thumb|400px|caturdaśaratnāni cakraṃ ratho maṇiḥ khaḍgaṃ dhanūratnañca pañcamam| keturnidhiśca saptaite prāṇahīnāḥ prakīrttitāḥ
The discus, the chariot, the jewel, the sword, and the bow-jewel as fifth, the banner and the treasure — these seven are declared to be devoid of life.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.70
भार्या पुरोहितश्चैव सेनानी रथकृच्च यः। मन्त्र्यश्वः कलभश्चैव प्राणिनः सम्प्रकीर्त्तिताः
bhāryā purohitaścaiva senānī rathakṛcca yaḥ| mantryaśvaḥ kalabhaścaiva prāṇinaḥ samprakīrttitāḥ
The wife, the household priest, the general, and the chariot-maker, the counsellor, the horse, and the elephant — these are declared to be the living (ones).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.71
रत्नान्येतानि दिव्यानि संसिद्धानि महात्मनाम्। चतुर्दश विधेयानि सर्वेषां चक्रवार्तिनाम्
ratnānyetāni divyāni saṃsiddhāni mahātmanām| caturdaśa vidheyāni sarveṣāṃ cakravārtinām
These divine treasures, fully perfected, are the fourteen at the command of all the great-souled universal emperors.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.72
विष्णोरंशेन जायन्ते पृथिव्यां चक्रवर्त्तिनः। मन्वन्तरेषु सर्वेषु अतीतानागतेषु वै
viṣṇoraṃśena jāyante pṛthivyāṃ cakravarttinaḥ| manvantareṣu sarveṣu atītānāgateṣu vai
By a portion of Viṣṇu the universal emperors are born on the earth, in all the Manu-periods, both past and future.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.73
भूतभव्यानि यानीह वर्त्तमानानि यानि च। त्रेतायुगादिकेष्वत्र जायन्ते चक्रवर्त्तिनः
bhūtabhavyāni yānīha varttamānāni yāni ca| tretāyugādikeṣvatra jāyante cakravarttinaḥ
Whichever (emperors) here are past and future, and whichever are present — the universal emperors are born here in the Tretā age and the like.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.74
भद्राणीमानि तेषां वै भवन्तीह महीक्षिताम्। अद्भुतानि च चत्वारि बलं धर्मः सुखं धनम्
bhadrāṇīmāni teṣāṃ vai bhavantīha mahīkṣitām| adbhutāni ca catvāri balaṃ dharmaḥ sukhaṃ dhanam
These auspicious things belong to those rulers of the earth here, and four marvellous ones: strength, righteousness, happiness, and wealth.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.75
अन्योन्यस्याविरोधेन प्राप्यन्ते वै नृपैः समम्। अर्थो धर्मश्च कामश्च यशो विजय एव च
anyonyasyāvirodhena prāpyante vai nṛpaiḥ samam| artho dharmaśca kāmaśca yaśo vijaya eva ca
Without conflicting with one another, these are obtained equally by those kings: wealth, righteousness, and pleasure, fame, and victory too.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.76
ऐश्वर्येणाणिमाद्येन प्रभुशक्त्या तथैव च। अन्येन तपसा चैव ऋषीनभिभवन्ति च। बलेन तपसा चैव देवदानवामानुषान्
aiśvaryeṇāṇimādyena prabhuśaktyā tathaiva ca| anyena tapasā caiva ṛṣīnabhibhavanti ca| balena tapasā caiva devadānavāmānuṣān
By lordship consisting of minuteness and the rest, and likewise by the power of a master, and also by another (means), by austerity, they surpass even the seers; and by strength and by austerity (they surpass) gods, demons, and men.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.77
लक्षणैश्चापि जायन्ते शरीरस्थैरमानुषैः। केशस्थिता ललाटोर्णा जिह्वा चास्यप्रमार्जनी। ताम्रप्रभोष्ठदन्तोष्ठाः श्रीवत्साश्चोर्द्ध्वरोमशाः
lakṣaṇaiścāpi jāyante śarīrasthairamānuṣaiḥ| keśasthitā lalāṭorṇā jihvā cāsyapramārjanī| tāmraprabhoṣṭhadantoṣṭhāḥ śrīvatsāścorddhvaromaśāḥ
They are born, too, with superhuman marks set on their bodies: hair standing (upward), a tuft of wool on the forehead, and a tongue that can wipe the face; lips and teeth with coppery lustre, the śrīvatsa mark, and hair turned upward.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.78
आजानुबाहनश्चैव जालहस्ता वृषाङ्किताः। न्यग्रोधपरिणाहाश्च सिंहस्कन्धाः सुमेहनाः । गजेन्द्रगतयश्चैव महाहनव एव च
ājānubāhanaścaiva jālahastā vṛṣāṅkitāḥ| nyagrodhapariṇāhāśca siṃhaskandhāḥ sumehanāḥ | gajendragatayaścaiva mahāhanava eva ca
And their arms reach to the knees; they have webbed hands and are marked with a bull(-sign); they are of the girth of a banyan, lion-shouldered, well-endowed with generative organs, with the gait of a lordly elephant, and with great jaws.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.79
पादयोश्चक्रमत्स्यौ तु शङ्खपद्मौ तु हस्तयोः। पञ्चाशीतिसहस्राणि ते भवन्त्यजरा नृपाः
pādayoścakramatsyau tu śaṅkhapadmau tu hastayoḥ| pañcāśītisahasrāṇi te bhavantyajarā nṛpāḥ
On the two feet a wheel and a fish, and on the two hands a conch and a lotus; those kings live eighty-five thousand (years) free from ageing.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.80
असङ्गा गतयस्तेषां चतस्रश्चक्रवर्त्तिनाम्। अन्तरिक्षे समुद्रे च पाताले पर्वतेषु च
asaṅgā gatayasteṣāṃ catasraścakravarttinām| antarikṣe samudre ca pātāle parvateṣu ca
Unimpeded are the four movements of those universal emperors: in the sky, in the ocean, in the netherworld, and on the mountains.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.81
इज्या दानं तपः सत्यं त्रेतायां धर्म उच्यते । तदा प्रवर्त्तते धर्मो वर्णाश्रमविभागशः
ijyā dānaṃ tapaḥ satyaṃ tretāyāṃ dharma ucyate | tadā pravarttate dharmo varṇāśramavibhāgaśaḥ
Sacrifice, giving, austerity, truth — this is called dharma in the Tretā (age); then dharma proceeds according to the divisions of classes and life-stages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.82
मर्यादास्थापनार्थं च दण्डनीतिः प्रवर्त्तते । हृष्टपुष्टाः प्रजाः सर्वा ह्यरोगाः पूर्णमानसाः
maryādāsthāpanārthaṃ ca daṇḍanītiḥ pravarttate | hṛṣṭapuṣṭāḥ prajāḥ sarvā hyarogāḥ pūrṇamānasāḥ
And for the sake of establishing boundaries, the rule of punishment comes into operation; all the subjects are glad and well-nourished, free of disease, and full in mind.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.83
एको वेदश्चतुष्पादस्त्रेतायुगविधौ स्मृतः। त्रीणि वर्षसहस्राणि तदा जीवन्ति मानवाः
eko vedaścatuṣpādastretāyugavidhau smṛtaḥ| trīṇi varṣasahasrāṇi tadā jīvanti mānavāḥ
One Veda with four parts is recorded in the dispensation of the Tretā age; then men live three thousand years.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.84
पुत्रपौत्रसमाकीर्णा म्रियन्ते च क्रमेण तु । एष त्रेतायुगे धर्मस्त्रेतासन्धौ निबोधत
putrapautrasamākīrṇā mriyante ca krameṇa tu | eṣa tretāyuge dharmastretāsandhau nibodhata
Surrounded by sons and grandsons, they die in due course. This is the dharma in the Tretā age; now learn about the juncture of the Tretā.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.85
त्रेतायुग स्वभावस्तु सन्ध्यापादेव वर्त्तते । सन्ध्यायां वै स्वभावस्तु युगपादेन तिष्ठति
tretāyuga svabhāvastu sandhyāpādeva varttate | sandhyāyāṃ vai svabhāvastu yugapādena tiṣṭhati
But the nature of the Tretā age operates in a quarter (measure) even in the twilight period; and in the twilight the (twilight's own) nature persists to the extent of a quarter of the age.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.86
।।शांशपायन उवाच।। कथं त्रेतायुगमुखे यज्ञस्यासीत्प्रवर्तनम्। पूर्वं स्वायम्भुवे सर्गे यथावत्तद्ब्रवीहि मे
||śāṃśapāyana uvāca|| kathaṃ tretāyugamukhe yajñasyāsītpravartanam| pūrvaṃ svāyambhuve sarge yathāvattadbravīhi me
Śāṃśapāyana said: How did the setting in motion of sacrifice come about at the beginning of the Tretā age, earlier, in the creation of the Self-born (Manu)? Tell me that as it was.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.87
अन्तर्हितायां सन्ध्यायां सार्द्धं कृतयुगेन वै। कलाख्यायां प्रवृत्तायां प्राप्ते त्रेतायुगे तदा। वर्णाश्रमव्यवस्थानं कृतवन्तश्च वै पुनः
antarhitāyāṃ sandhyāyāṃ sārddhaṃ kṛtayugena vai| kalākhyāyāṃ pravṛttāyāṃ prāpte tretāyuge tadā| varṇāśramavyavasthānaṃ kṛtavantaśca vai punaḥ
When the twilight had vanished together with the Kṛta age, and when the (period) called Kalā had begun, then, the Tretā age having arrived, they once more made the arrangement of classes and life-stages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.88
सम्भारांस्तां श्च सम्भृत्य कथं यत्रः प्रवर्तितः। एतच्छ्रुत्वाब्रवीत्सूतः श्रूयतां शांशपायन
sambhārāṃstāṃ śca sambhṛtya kathaṃ yatraḥ pravartitaḥ| etacchrutvābravītsūtaḥ śrūyatāṃ śāṃśapāyana
Having collected those materials, how was the sacrifice set in motion? Hearing this, the Sūta said: Let it be heard, Śāṃśapāyana —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.89
iयथा त्रेतायुगमुखे यज्ञस्यासीत्प्रवर्तनम्। ओषधीषु च जातासु प्रवृत्ते वृष्टिसर्जने। प्रतिष्ठितायां वार्तायां गृहाश्रमपुरेषु च
iyathā tretāyugamukhe yajñasyāsītpravartanam| oṣadhīṣu ca jātāsu pravṛtte vṛṣṭisarjane| pratiṣṭhitāyāṃ vārtāyāṃ gṛhāśramapureṣu ca
— how the setting in motion of sacrifice came about at the beginning of the Tretā age: when the plants had grown, when the release of rain had begun, when livelihood had been established, and (also) in the houses, hermitages, and towns.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.90
वर्णाश्रम व्यवस्थानं कृत्वा मन्त्रांश्च संहिताम्। मन्त्रान् संयोजयित्वाथ इहामुत्रेषु कर्मसु
varṇāśrama vyavasthānaṃ kṛtvā mantrāṃśca saṃhitām| mantrān saṃyojayitvātha ihāmutreṣu karmasu
Having established the ordering of the classes and the stages of life, and the mantras and the collection (of them), and then having joined the mantras to the rites (performed) for this world and the next —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.91
तथा विश्वमुगिन्द्रस्तु यज्ञं प्रावर्तयत्तदा। दैवतैः सहितः सर्वैः सर्वसम्भारसम्भृतम्
tathā viśvamugindrastu yajñaṃ prāvartayattadā| daivataiḥ sahitaḥ sarvaiḥ sarvasambhārasambhṛtam
Then Indra Viśvabhuj set the sacrifice in motion, together with all the deities, (the sacrifice) supplied with every requisite.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.92
अथाश्वमेधे वितते समाजग्मुर्महर्षयः। यजन्ते पशुभिर्मेध्यैर्हुत्वा सर्वे समागताः
athāśvamedhe vitate samājagmurmaharṣayaḥ| yajante paśubhirmedhyairhutvā sarve samāgatāḥ
Then, when the horse sacrifice had been laid out, the great sages assembled; all who had come together sacrifice with animals fit for offering, having made the oblation.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.93
कर्मव्यग्रेषु ऋत्विक्षु सतते यज्ञकर्मणि। सम्प्रगीतेषु तेष्वेवमागमेष्वथ सत्वरम्
karmavyagreṣu ṛtvikṣu satate yajñakarmaṇi| sampragīteṣu teṣvevamāgameṣvatha satvaram
While the officiating priests were busy with the ritual acts in the continuous sacrificial work, and while these (chants) were being sung out, and then, quickly, the traditional formulas (were recited) —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.94
परिक्रान्तेषु लघुषु अध्वर्युवृषभेषु च। आलब्धेषु च मेध्येषु तथा पशुगणेषु वै
parikrānteṣu laghuṣu adhvaryuvṛṣabheṣu ca| ālabdheṣu ca medhyeṣu tathā paśugaṇeṣu vai
when the nimble ones had gone round (the fire), and the bull-like adhvaryu priests too, and when the animals fit for offering, the herds of beasts, had been laid hold of —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.95
हविष्यग्नौ हूयमाने देवानां देवहोतृभिः। आहूतेषु च देवेषु यज्ञभाक्षु महात्मसु
haviṣyagnau hūyamāne devānāṃ devahotṛbhiḥ| āhūteṣu ca deveṣu yajñabhākṣu mahātmasu
when the oblation was being offered into the fire for the gods by the priests who invoke the gods, and when the great-souled gods who share in the sacrifice had been summoned —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.96
य इन्द्रियात्मका देवा यज्ञभाजस्तथा तु ये। तान् यजन्ते तदा देवाः कल्पादिषु भवन्ति ये
ya indriyātmakā devā yajñabhājastathā tu ye| tān yajante tadā devāḥ kalpādiṣu bhavanti ye
Those gods who are of the nature of the senses, and likewise those who are sharers in the sacrifice — these the gods who come into being at the beginnings of the kalpas then worship.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.97
अध्वर्यवः प्रैषकाले व्युत्थिता ये महर्षयः। महर्षयस्तु तान् दृष्ट्वा दीनान् पशुगणान् स्थितान् । पप्रच्छुरिन्द्रं सम्भूय कोऽयं यज्ञविधिस्तव
adhvaryavaḥ praiṣakāle vyutthitā ye maharṣayaḥ| maharṣayastu tān dṛṣṭvā dīnān paśugaṇān sthitān | papracchurindraṃ sambhūya ko'yaṃ yajñavidhistava
The adhvaryus, those great sages, rose up at the time of the summoning call; and the great sages, seeing those herds of animals standing there wretched, came together and asked Indra: "What is this sacrificial procedure of yours?"
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.98
अधर्मो बलवानेष हिंसाधर्मेप्सया तव। नेष्टः पशुवधस्त्वेष तव यज्ञे सुरोत्तम
adharmo balavāneṣa hiṃsādharmepsayā tava| neṣṭaḥ paśuvadhastveṣa tava yajñe surottama
This is a mighty unrighteousness (of yours), through your wish to gain dharma by violence; this slaughter of animals in your sacrifice is not to be approved, O best of gods.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.99
अधर्मो धर्मगाताय प्रारब्धः पशुभिस्त्वया। नायं धर्मो ह्यधर्मोऽयं न हिंसा धर्म उच्यते
adharmo dharmagātāya prārabdhaḥ paśubhistvayā| nāyaṃ dharmo hyadharmo'yaṃ na hiṃsā dharma ucyate
Unrighteousness has been undertaken by you with animals for the sake of attaining dharma; this is not dharma — this is unrighteousness; violence is not called dharma.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.100
आगमेन भवान् यज्ञं करोतु यदिहेच्छसि। विधिदृष्टेन यज्ञेन धर्ममव्ययहेतुना। यज्ञबीजैः सुरश्रेष्ठ येषु हिंसा न विद्यते
āgamena bhavān yajñaṃ karotu yadihecchasi| vidhidṛṣṭena yajñena dharmamavyayahetunā| yajñabījaiḥ suraśreṣṭha yeṣu hiṃsā na vidyate
Let your honour perform the sacrifice according to the tradition, if you wish (to sacrifice) here — by a sacrifice seen in the prescribed rule, (obtaining) dharma by an imperishable means, with the seeds of sacrifice, O best of gods, in which no violence is found;
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.101
त्रिवर्षपरमं कालमुषितैरप्ररोहिभिः। एष धर्मो महानिन्द्र स्वयम्भुविङितः पुरा
trivarṣaparamaṃ kālamuṣitairaprarohibhiḥ| eṣa dharmo mahānindra svayambhuviṅitaḥ purā
(seeds) that have been stored for a time of three years at the most and that will not sprout. This is the great dharma, O Indra, taught long ago by the Self-existent.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.102
एवं विश्वभुगिन्द्रस्तु मुनिभिस्तत्त्वदर्शिभिः। जङ्गमैः स्थावरैर्वेति कैर्यष्टव्यमिहोच्यते
evaṃ viśvabhugindrastu munibhistattvadarśibhiḥ| jaṅgamaiḥ sthāvarairveti kairyaṣṭavyamihocyate
Thus Indra Viśvabhuj (spoke) with the sages who see the truth: "Is it with moving beings or with stationary things — with which is it said here that one should sacrifice?"
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.103
ते तु खिन्ना विवादेन तत्त्वयुक्ता महर्षयः। सन्धाय वाक्यमिन्द्रेण प्रपच्छुश्चेश्वरं वसुम्
te tu khinnā vivādena tattvayuktā maharṣayaḥ| sandhāya vākyamindreṇa prapacchuśceśvaraṃ vasum
But those great sages, wearied by the dispute though possessed of the truth, having made a compact of words with Indra, asked the lord Vasu.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.104
।।ऋषय ऊचुः।। महाप्राज्ञ कथं दृष्टस्त्वया यज्ञविधिर्नृप। उत्तानपादे प्रब्रूहि संशयं छिन्धि नः प्रभो
||ṛṣaya ūcuḥ|| mahāprājña kathaṃ dṛṣṭastvayā yajñavidhirnṛpa| uttānapāde prabrūhi saṃśayaṃ chindhi naḥ prabho
The sages said: O greatly wise king, how has the rule of sacrifice been seen by you? Speak, O Uttānapāda; cut off our doubt, O lord.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.105
श्रुत्वा वाक्यं ततस्तेषामविचार्य बलाबलम्। वेदशास्त्रमनुस्मृत्य यज्ञतत्त्वमुवाच ह। यथोपदिष्टैर्यष्टव्यमिति होवाच पार्थिवः
śrutvā vākyaṃ tatasteṣāmavicārya balābalam| vedaśāstramanusmṛtya yajñatattvamuvāca ha| yathopadiṣṭairyaṣṭavyamiti hovāca pārthivaḥ
Then, having heard their words, without weighing which side was stronger, recalling the Vedic scripture he declared the truth of sacrifice: "One must sacrifice with the things as they have been prescribed" — so said the king.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.106
यष्टव्यं पशुभिर्मेध्यैरथ बीजैः फलैस्तथा। हिंसास्वभावो यज्ञस्य इति मे दर्शयत्यसौ
yaṣṭavyaṃ paśubhirmedhyairatha bījaiḥ phalaistathā| hiṃsāsvabhāvo yajñasya iti me darśayatyasau
One should sacrifice with animals fit for offering, and also with seeds and with fruits; that (scripture) shows me that violence is of the very nature of sacrifice.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.107
यथेह संहितामन्त्रा हिंसालिङ्गा महर्षिभिः। दीर्घेण तपसा युक्तैर्दर्शनैस्तारकादिभिः। तत्प्रामाण्यान्मया चोक्तं तस्मान्मा मन्तुमर्हथ
yatheha saṃhitāmantrā hiṃsāliṅgā maharṣibhiḥ| dīrgheṇa tapasā yuktairdarśanaistārakādibhiḥ| tatprāmāṇyānmayā coktaṃ tasmānmā mantumarhatha
Since here the mantras of the Saṃhitā have violence as their mark, (composed) by the great sages endowed with long austerity, by their visions beginning with the Tāraka; on the authority of that I have spoken — therefore you should not blame me.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.108
यदि प्रमाणं तान्येव मन्त्रवाक्यानि वै द्विजाः । तदा प्रावर्त्तता यज्ञो ह्यन्यथा नोऽनृतं वचः। एवं हृतोत्तरास्ते वै युक्तात्मानस्तपोधनाः
yadi pramāṇaṃ tānyeva mantravākyāni vai dvijāḥ | tadā prāvarttatā yajño hyanyathā no'nṛtaṃ vacaḥ| evaṃ hṛtottarāste vai yuktātmānastapodhanāḥ
If those very mantra-utterances are authoritative, O twice-born ones, then let the sacrifice proceed; otherwise our speech is false. Thus they, whose reply had been taken from them, self-composed, rich in austerity (said):
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.109
अधस्व भवनं दृष्ट्वा तमर्थं वाग्यतो भव। मिथ्यावादी नृपो यस्मात् प्रविवेश रसातलम्
adhasva bhavanaṃ dṛṣṭvā tamarthaṃ vāgyato bhava| mithyāvādī nṛpo yasmāt praviveśa rasātalam
"Seeing that your dwelling is below, be restrained in speech about that matter!" Because he had spoken falsely, the king entered Rasātala.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.110
इत्युक्तमात्रे नृपतिः प्रविवेश रसातलम्। ऊर्द्ध्वचारी वसुर्भूत्वा रसातलचरोऽभवत्
ityuktamātre nṛpatiḥ praviveśa rasātalam| ūrddhvacārī vasurbhūtvā rasātalacaro'bhavat
The moment this was said, the king sank into Rasātala; having been Vasu who moved on high, he became a mover in Rasātala.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.111
वसुधातलवासी तु तेन वाक्येन सोऽभवत्। धर्माणां संशयच्छेत्ता राजा वसुरथागतः
vasudhātalavāsī tu tena vākyena so'bhavat| dharmāṇāṃ saṃśayacchettā rājā vasurathāgataḥ
By that utterance he became a dweller beneath the earth's surface — King Vasu, who had come there as a cutter-off of doubts about the (points of) dharma.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.112
तस्मान्न वाच्यमेकेन बहुज्ञेनापि संशयः। बहूद्धारस्य धर्मस्य सूक्ष्माद्दूरमुपागतिः
tasmānna vācyamekena bahujñenāpi saṃśayaḥ| bahūddhārasya dharmasya sūkṣmāddūramupāgatiḥ
Therefore a doubtful matter should not be pronounced upon by one man alone, even by one who knows much; for dharma, which has many ways out, being subtle, is far off and hard to reach.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.113
तस्मान्न निश्चयाद्वक्तुं धर्मः शक्यस्तु केनचित्। देवानृषीनुपादाय स्वायम्भुवमृते मनुम्
tasmānna niścayādvaktuṃ dharmaḥ śakyastu kenacit| devānṛṣīnupādāya svāyambhuvamṛte manum
Therefore dharma cannot be stated with certainty by anyone — not by gods, not by seers — excepting Manu Svāyambhuva.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.114
तस्मान्न हिंसाधर्मस्य द्वारमुक्तं महर्षिभिः। ऋषिकोटिसहस्राणि कर्मभिः स्वैर्दिवं ययुः
tasmānna hiṃsādharmasya dvāramuktaṃ maharṣibhiḥ| ṛṣikoṭisahasrāṇi karmabhiḥ svairdivaṃ yayuḥ
Therefore the great seers have not declared injury (of animals) to be a door of dharma; thousands of tens of millions of seers went to heaven by their own (bloodless) rites.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.115
तस्मान्न दानं यज्ञं वा प्रशंसन्ति महर्षयः। तुच्छं मूलं फलं शाकमुदपात्रं तपोधनाः। एवं दत्त्वा विभवतः स्वर्गलोके प्रतिष्ठिताः
tasmānna dānaṃ yajñaṃ vā praśaṃsanti maharṣayaḥ| tucchaṃ mūlaṃ phalaṃ śākamudapātraṃ tapodhanāḥ| evaṃ dattvā vibhavataḥ svargaloke pratiṣṭhitāḥ
Therefore the great seers do not praise gift or sacrifice (above all else); (rather) those whose wealth is austerity (offered) a trifle — a root, a fruit, a vegetable, a pot of water; giving thus according to their means, they became established in the world of heaven.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.116
अद्रोहश्चाप्यलोभश्च दमो भूतदया तपः। ब्रह्मचर्यं तथा सत्यमनुक्रोशः क्षमा धृतिः। सनातनस्य धर्मस्य मूलमेतद्दुरासदम्
adrohaścāpyalobhaśca damo bhūtadayā tapaḥ| brahmacaryaṃ tathā satyamanukrośaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ| sanātanasya dharmasya mūlametaddurāsadam
Non-injury and freedom from greed, self-restraint, compassion for beings, austerity, chastity, truth, sympathy, patience, steadfastness — this is the root, hard to attain, of the eternal dharma.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.117
धर्ममन्त्रात्मको यज्ञस्तपश्चानशनात्मकम्। यज्ञेन देवानाप्नोति वैराग्यं तपसा पुनः
dharmamantrātmako yajñastapaścānaśanātmakam| yajñena devānāpnoti vairāgyaṃ tapasā punaḥ
Sacrifice consists of ritual injunctions and mantras, while austerity consists of fasting; by sacrifice one attains the gods, and by austerity, again, dispassion.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.118
ब्राह्मण्यं कर्मसंन्यासाद्वैराग्यात् प्रेक्षते लयम्। ज्ञानात् प्राप्नोति कैवल्यं पञ्चैता गतयः स्मृताः
brāhmaṇyaṃ karmasaṃnyāsādvairāgyāt prekṣate layam| jñānāt prāpnoti kaivalyaṃ pañcaitā gatayaḥ smṛtāḥ
By renunciation of works (one attains) brahminhood; through dispassion one perceives dissolution; from knowledge one attains absoluteness — these five are declared to be the goals.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.119
एवं विवादः सुमहान् यज्ञस्यासीत् प्रवर्त्तने। ऋषीणां देवतानाञ्च पूर्वं स्वायम्भुवेऽन्तरे
evaṃ vivādaḥ sumahān yajñasyāsīt pravarttane| ṛṣīṇāṃ devatānāñca pūrvaṃ svāyambhuve'ntare
Thus there was a very great dispute about the institution of sacrifice between the seers and the gods, long ago, in the Svāyambhuva (manvantara).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.120
ततस्ते ऋषयो दृष्ट्वाद्भुतं वर्त्म बलेन तु। वसोर्वाक्यमनादृत्य जग्मुस्ते वै यथागताः
tataste ṛṣayo dṛṣṭvādbhutaṃ vartma balena tu| vasorvākyamanādṛtya jagmuste vai yathāgatāḥ
Then those seers, having seen the marvellous path (won) by force, disregarded Vasu's word and went away just as they had come.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.121
गतेषु देवसङ्घेषु देवा यज्ञमवाप्नुयुः। श्रूयन्ते हि तपःसिद्धा ब्रह्मक्षत्रमया नृपाः
gateṣu devasaṅgheṣu devā yajñamavāpnuyuḥ| śrūyante hi tapaḥsiddhā brahmakṣatramayā nṛpāḥ
When the hosts of gods had gone, the gods obtained the sacrifice; for kings are heard of who were perfected by austerity, compounded of brahman and kṣatra.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
VaP 1 57.122
प्रियव्रतोत्तानपादौ ध्रुवो मेधातिथिर्वसुः। सुमेधा विरजाश्चैव शङ्खपाद्रज एव च। प्राचीनबर्हिः पर्जन्यो हविर्द्धानादयो नृपाः
priyavratottānapādau dhruvo medhātithirvasuḥ| sumedhā virajāścaiva śaṅkhapādraja eva ca| prācīnabarhiḥ parjanyo havirddhānādayo nṛpāḥ
Priyavrata and Uttānapāda, Dhruva, Medhātithi, Vasu, Sumedhas, and Virajas, Śaṅkhapād and Raja, Prācīnabarhis, Parjanya, Haviṛdhāna and the rest — (these) kings.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.123
एते चान्ये च बहवो नृपाः सिद्धा दिवं गताः। राजर्षयो महासत्त्वा येषां कीर्त्तिः प्रतिष्ठिता
ete cānye ca bahavo nṛpāḥ siddhā divaṃ gatāḥ| rājarṣayo mahāsattvā yeṣāṃ kīrttiḥ pratiṣṭhitā
These and many other kings, perfected, went to heaven — royal seers of great being, whose fame stands established.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.124
तस्माद्विशिष्यते यज्ञात्तपः सर्वेषु कारणैः। ब्रह्मणा तपसा सृष्ट जगद्विश्वमिदं पुरा
tasmādviśiṣyate yajñāttapaḥ sarveṣu kāraṇaiḥ| brahmaṇā tapasā sṛṣṭa jagadviśvamidaṃ purā
Therefore austerity is superior to sacrifice on all grounds; by Brahmā this whole universe was formerly created through austerity.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
VaP 1 57.125
तस्मान्नात्येति तद्यज्ञं तपोमूलमिदं स्मृतम्। यज्ञप्रवर्त्तनं ह्येवमतः स्वायम्भुवेऽन्तरे। ततःप्रभृति यज्ञोऽयं युगैः सह व्यवर्त्तत
tasmānnātyeti tadyajñaṃ tapomūlamidaṃ smṛtam| yajñapravarttanaṃ hyevamataḥ svāyambhuve'ntare| tataḥprabhṛti yajño'yaṃ yugaiḥ saha vyavarttata
Therefore that sacrifice does not surpass it: this (sacrifice) is held to have austerity as its root. Thus the institution of sacrifice came about in the Svāyambhuva (manvantara); and from then on this sacrifice has continued along with the yugas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition