Vayu Purana — Purvardha — Chapter 50

VaP 1 50.1

॥सूत उवाच॥ अधःप्रमाणमूर्द्ध्वञ्च वर्ण्यमानं निबोधत। पृथिवी वायुराकाशमापो ज्योतिश्च पञ्चमम्। अनन्तधातवो ह्येते व्यापकास्तु प्रकीर्तिताः

||sūta uvāca|| adhaḥpramāṇamūrddhvañca varṇyamānaṃ nibodhata| pṛthivī vāyurākāśamāpo jyotiśca pañcamam| anantadhātavo hyete vyāpakāstu prakīrtitāḥ

Sūta said: Learn the measure below and above as it is being described. Earth, wind, space, water, and light as the fifth—these are proclaimed to be the endless constituents, all-pervading.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.2

जननी सर्वभूतानां सर्व भूतधरा धरा। नानाजनपदाकीर्णा नानाधिष्ठानपत्तना

jananī sarvabhūtānāṃ sarva bhūtadharā dharā| nānājanapadākīrṇā nānādhiṣṭhānapattanā

The bearer (earth) is the mother of all beings and the support of all beings, strewn with many countries, with many seats and towns,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.3

नानानदनदीशैला नैकजातिसमाकुला। अनन्ता गीयते देवी पृथिवी बहुविस्तरा

nānānadanadīśailā naikajātisamākulā| anantā gīyate devī pṛthivī bahuvistarā

with many streams, rivers and mountains, thronged with more than one kind of creature: the goddess Earth is sung of as endless, of vast extent.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.4

नदीनदसमुद्रस्थास्तथा क्षुद्राश्रयाः स्थिताः। पर्वताकाशसंस्थाश्च अन्तर्भूमिगताश्च याः

nadīnadasamudrasthāstathā kṣudrāśrayāḥ sthitāḥ| parvatākāśasaṃsthāśca antarbhūmigatāśca yāḥ

(The waters) that abide in rivers, streams and oceans, and those that stand in small reservoirs, and those that rest on mountains and in the sky, and those that go within the earth—

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.5

आपोऽनन्ताश्च विज्ञेयास्तथाग्निः सर्वलौकिकः। अनन्तः पठ्यते चैव व्यापकः सर्वसम्भवः

āpo'nantāśca vijñeyāstathāgniḥ sarvalaukikaḥ| anantaḥ paṭhyate caiva vyāpakaḥ sarvasambhavaḥ

And the waters are to be known as endless, and likewise fire, which belongs to all the worlds; it too is declared to be endless, all-pervading, the source of all things.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.6

तथाकाशमनालम्बं रम्यं नानाश्रयं स्मृतम्। अनन्तं प्रथितं सर्वं वायुश्चाकाशसम्भवः

tathākāśamanālambaṃ ramyaṃ nānāśrayaṃ smṛtam| anantaṃ prathitaṃ sarvaṃ vāyuścākāśasambhavaḥ

Likewise space, unsupported, delightful, is remembered as having many supports (i.e. supporting many things); it is proclaimed to be wholly endless; and wind arises from space.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.7

आपः पृथिव्यामुदके पृथिवी चोपरि स्थिता। आकाशञ्चापरमधः पुनर्भूमिः पुनर्ज्जलम्

āpaḥ pṛthivyāmudake pṛthivī copari sthitā| ākāśañcāparamadhaḥ punarbhūmiḥ punarjjalam

The waters (rest) on the earth, and the earth stands upon the water; and below is another space, then again earth, and again water.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.8

एवमन्तमनन्तस्य भौतिकस्य न विद्यते। पुरा सुरैरभिहितं निश्चितन्तु निबोधत

evamantamanantasya bhautikasya na vidyate| purā surairabhihitaṃ niścitantu nibodhata

Thus no end is found of the endless world of the elements. Hear now the certainty of what was declared of old by the gods.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.9

भूमिर्जलमथाकाशमिति ज्ञेया परम्परा। स्थितिरेषा तु विज्ञेया सप्तमेऽस्मिन् रसातले

bhūmirjalamathākāśamiti jñeyā paramparā| sthitireṣā tu vijñeyā saptame'smin rasātale

Earth, then water, then space — thus the sequence is to be known; and this arrangement is to be understood in this seventh nether region.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.10

दशयोजनसाहस्रमेकभौमं रसातलम्। साधुभिः परिविख्यातमेकैकं बहुविस्तरम्

daśayojanasāhasramekabhaumaṃ rasātalam| sādhubhiḥ parivikhyātamekaikaṃ bahuvistaram

Each single nether region is ten thousand yojanas, consisting of one layer of earth; each one, of great extent, has been fully described by the good.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.11

प्रथममतलञ्चैव सुतलन्तु ततः परम्। ततः परतरं विद्याद्वितलं बहुविस्तरम्

prathamamatalañcaiva sutalantu tataḥ param| tataḥ parataraṃ vidyādvitalaṃ bahuvistaram

The first is Atala, and beyond that Sutala; still beyond that one should know Vitala, of great extent.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.12

ततो गभस्तलं नाम परतश्च महातलम्। श्रीतलञ्च ततः प्राहुः पातालं सप्तमंस्मृतम्

tato gabhastalaṃ nāma parataśca mahātalam| śrītalañca tataḥ prāhuḥ pātālaṃ saptamaṃsmṛtam

Then the one named Gabhastala, and beyond that Mahātala; then they call it Śrītala; and the seventh is remembered as Pātāla.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.13

कृष्णभौमञ्च प्रथमं भूमिभागञ्च कीर्त्तितम्। पाण्डुभौमं द्वितीयन्तु तृतीयं रक्तमृत्तिकम्

kṛṣṇabhaumañca prathamaṃ bhūmibhāgañca kīrttitam| pāṇḍubhaumaṃ dvitīyantu tṛtīyaṃ raktamṛttikam

And the first portion of ground is declared to have black soil; the second has pale soil, and the third has red earth.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.14

पीतभौमञ्चतुर्थन्तु पञ्चमं शर्करातलम्। षष्ठं सिलामयञ्चैव सौवर्णं सप्तमन्तलम्

pītabhaumañcaturthantu pañcamaṃ śarkarātalam| ṣaṣṭhaṃ silāmayañcaiva sauvarṇaṃ saptamantalam

The fourth has yellow soil, and the fifth is a floor of gravel; the sixth is made of rock, and the seventh region is of gold.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.15

प्रथमे तु तले ख्यातमसुरेन्द्रस्य मन्दिरम्। नमुचेरिन्द्रशत्रोर्हि महानादस्य चालयम्

prathame tu tale khyātamasurendrasya mandiram| namucerindraśatrorhi mahānādasya cālayam

But in the first region is famed the mansion of the lord of the Asuras, of Namuci the foe of Indra, and the dwelling of Mahānāda.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.16

पुरञ्च शङ्कुकर्णस्य कबन्धस्य च मन्दिरम्। निष्कुलादस्य च पुरं प्रहृष्टजनसङ्कुलम्

purañca śaṅkukarṇasya kabandhasya ca mandiram| niṣkulādasya ca puraṃ prahṛṣṭajanasaṅkulam

And the city of Śaṅkukarṇa, and the mansion of Kabandha, and the city of Niṣkulāda, thronged with joyful people.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.17

राक्षसस्य च भीमस्य शूलदन्तस्य चालयम्। लोहिताक्षकलिङ्गानां नगरं श्वापदस्य तु

rākṣasasya ca bhīmasya śūladantasya cālayam| lohitākṣakaliṅgānāṃ nagaraṃ śvāpadasya tu

And the dwelling of the Rākṣasa Bhīma and of Śūladanta, the city of the Lohitākṣas and Kaliṅgas, and (that) of Śvāpada.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.18

धनञ्जयस्य च पुरं माहेन्द्रस्य महात्मनः । कालियस्य च नागस्य नगरं कलसस्य च

dhanañjayasya ca puraṃ māhendrasya mahātmanaḥ | kāliyasya ca nāgasya nagaraṃ kalasasya ca

And the city of Dhanañjaya, and of the great-souled Māhendra, and the city of the Nāga Kāliya, and of Kalasa.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.19

एवं पुरसहस्राणिं नागदानवरक्षसाम्। तले ज्ञेयानि प्रथमे कृष्णभौमे न संशयः

evaṃ purasahasrāṇiṃ nāgadānavarakṣasām| tale jñeyāni prathame kṛṣṇabhaume na saṃśayaḥ

Thus thousands of cities of Nāgas, Dānavas and Rākṣasas are to be known in the first region, the one with black soil — there is no doubt.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.20

द्वितीयेऽपि तले विप्रा दैत्येन्द्रस्य सुरक्षसः। महाजम्भस्य च तथा नगरं प्रथमस्य तु

dvitīye'pi tale viprā daityendrasya surakṣasaḥ| mahājambhasya ca tathā nagaraṃ prathamasya tu

In the second region too, O brahmins, (is the city) of the lord of the Daityas together with the Rākṣasa, and likewise the city of Mahājambha the foremost.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.21

हयग्रीवस्य कृष्णस्य निकुम्भस्य च मन्दिरम्। शङ्खाख्येयस्य च पुरं नगरं गोमुखस्य च

hayagrīvasya kṛṣṇasya nikumbhasya ca mandiram| śaṅkhākhyeyasya ca puraṃ nagaraṃ gomukhasya ca

The mansion of Hayagrīva, of Kṛṣṇa, and of Nikumbha, and the city of Śaṅkhākhyeya, and the town of Gomukha.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.22

राक्षसस्य च नीलस्य मेघस्य क्रथनस्य च। पुरञ्च कुरुपादस्य महोष्णीषस्य चालयम्

rākṣasasya ca nīlasya meghasya krathanasya ca| purañca kurupādasya mahoṣṇīṣasya cālayam

And (the city) of the Rākṣasa Nīla, of Megha and of Krathana, and the city of Kurupāda and the dwelling of Mahoṣṇīṣa.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.23

कम्बलस्य च नागस्य पुरमश्वतरस्य च। कद्रुपुत्रस्य च पुरं तक्षकस्य महात्मनः

kambalasya ca nāgasya puramaśvatarasya ca| kadruputrasya ca puraṃ takṣakasya mahātmanaḥ

And the city of the Nāga Kambala, and of Aśvatara, and the city of Kadru's son, the great-souled Takṣaka.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.24

एवं पुरसहस्राणि नागदानवरक्षसाम्। द्वितीयेऽस्मिन् तले विप्राः पाण्डुभौमे न संशयः

evaṃ purasahasrāṇi nāgadānavarakṣasām| dvitīye'smin tale viprāḥ pāṇḍubhaume na saṃśayaḥ

Thus there are thousands of cities of Nāgas, Dānavas and Rākṣasas in this second region, the pale-soiled one, O brahmins — there is no doubt.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.25

तृतीये तु तलेख्यातं प्रह्लादस्य महात्मनः। अनुह्लादस्य च पुरं देत्येन्द्रस्य महात्मनः

tṛtīye tu talekhyātaṃ prahlādasya mahātmanaḥ| anuhlādasya ca puraṃ detyendrasya mahātmanaḥ

But in the third level is famed (the city) of the great-souled Prahlāda, and the city of Anuhlāda, the great-souled lord of the Daityas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.26

तारकाख्यस्य च पुरं पुरं त्रिशिरसस्तथा। शिशुमारस्य च पुरं हृष्टपुष्टजनाकुलम्

tārakākhyasya ca puraṃ puraṃ triśirasastathā| śiśumārasya ca puraṃ hṛṣṭapuṣṭajanākulam

And the city of the one called Tāraka, and likewise the city of Triśiras, and the city of Śiśumāra, crowded with thriving, well-fed people.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.27

च्यवनस्य च विज्ञेयं राक्षसस्य च मन्दिरम्। राक्षसेन्द्रस्य च पुरंकुम्भिलस्य खरस्यच

cyavanasya ca vijñeyaṃ rākṣasasya ca mandiram| rākṣasendrasya ca puraṃkumbhilasya kharasyaca

And (there) is to be known the dwelling of Cyavana and of the Rākṣasa, and the city of the lord of Rākṣasas, of Kumbhīla and of Khara.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.28

विराधस्य च क्रूरस्य पुरमुल्कामुखस्य च। हेमकस्य च नागस्य तथा पाण्डुरकस्य च

virādhasya ca krūrasya puramulkāmukhasya ca| hemakasya ca nāgasya tathā pāṇḍurakasya ca

And of cruel Virādha, and the city of Ulkāmukha, and of the Nāga Hemaka, and likewise of Pāṇḍuraka.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.29

मणिमन्त्रस्य च पुरं कपिलस्य च मन्दिरम्। नन्दस्य चोरगपतेर्विशालस्य च मन्दिरम्

maṇimantrasya ca puraṃ kapilasya ca mandiram| nandasya coragapaterviśālasya ca mandiram

And the city of Maṇimantra, and the dwelling of Kapila, and the dwelling of Nanda the lord of serpents, and of Viśāla.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.30

एवं पुरसहस्राणि नागदानवरक्षसाम्। तृतीयेऽस्मिस्तले विप्राः पीतभौमे न संशयः

evaṃ purasahasrāṇi nāgadānavarakṣasām| tṛtīye'smistale viprāḥ pītabhaume na saṃśayaḥ

Thus (there are) thousands of cities of Nāgas, Dānavas and Rākṣasas in this third level, O brahmins, whose soil is yellow — there is no doubt.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.31

चतुर्थे दैत्यसिंहस्य कालनेमेर्महात्मनः। गजकर्णस्य च पुरं नगरं कुञ्जरस्य च

caturthe daityasiṃhasya kālanemermahātmanaḥ| gajakarṇasya ca puraṃ nagaraṃ kuñjarasya ca

In the fourth (is the city) of the lion of the Daityas, the great-souled Kālanemi, and the city of Gajakarṇa, and the town of Kuñjara.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.32

राक्षसेन्द्रस्य च पुरं सुमालेर्बहुविस्तरम्। मुञ्जस्य लोकनाथस्य वृकवक्त्रस्य चालयम्

rākṣasendrasya ca puraṃ sumālerbahuvistaram| muñjasya lokanāthasya vṛkavaktrasya cālayam

And the very extensive city of Sumālin, lord of the Rākṣasas, and the abode of Muñja Lokanātha and of Vṛkavaktra.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.33

बहुयोजनसाहस्रं बहुपक्षिसमाकुलम् । नगरं वैनतेयस्य चतुर्थेऽस्मिन् रसातले

bahuyojanasāhasraṃ bahupakṣisamākulam | nagaraṃ vainateyasya caturthe'smin rasātale

(There is) the town of Vinatā's son (Garuḍa), many thousands of yojanas (in extent), thronged with many birds, in this fourth nether region.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.34

पञ्चमे शर्कराभौमे बहुयोजनविस्तृते। विरोचनस्य नगरं दैत्यसिंहस्य धीमतः

pañcame śarkarābhaume bahuyojanavistṛte| virocanasya nagaraṃ daityasiṃhasya dhīmataḥ

In the fifth, whose soil is gravel, extending many yojanas, (is) the town of Virocana, the wise lion of the Daityas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.35

वैढूर्य्यस्याग्निजिह्वस्य हिरण्याक्षस्य चालयम्। पुरञ्च विद्युज्जिह्वस्य राक्षसस्य च धीमतः

vaiḍhūryyasyāgnijihvasya hiraṇyākṣasya cālayam| purañca vidyujjihvasya rākṣasasya ca dhīmataḥ

The abode of Vaiḍūrya, of Agnijihva, and of Hiraṇyākṣa, and the city of the wise Rākṣasa Vidyujjihva.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.36

महामेघस्य च पुरं राक्षसेन्द्रस्य शालिनः। कर्म्मारस्य च नागस्य स्वस्तिकस्य जयस्य च

mahāmeghasya ca puraṃ rākṣasendrasya śālinaḥ| karmmārasya ca nāgasya svastikasya jayasya ca

And the city of Mahāmegha, lord of the Rākṣasas, the eminent one, and of the Nāga Karmāra, and of Svastika and Jaya.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.37

एवं पुरसहस्राणि नागदानवरक्षसाम्। पञ्चमेऽपि तथा ज्ञेयं शर्करानिलये सदा

evaṃ purasahasrāṇi nāgadānavarakṣasām| pañcame'pi tathā jñeyaṃ śarkarānilaye sadā

Thus thousands of cities of Nāgas, Dānavas and Rākṣasas are likewise ever to be known in the fifth too, the abode of gravel.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.38

षष्ठे तले दैत्यपतेः केसरेर्नगरोत्तमम्। सुपर्व्वणः सुलोम्नश्च नगरं महिषस्य च। राक्षसेन्द्रस्य च पुरमुत्क्रोशस्य महात्मनः

ṣaṣṭhe tale daityapateḥ kesarernagarottamam| suparvvaṇaḥ sulomnaśca nagaraṃ mahiṣasya ca| rākṣasendrasya ca puramutkrośasya mahātmanaḥ

In the sixth level (is) the excellent town of Kesarin, lord of the Daityas, and the town of Suparvan and of Suloman and of Mahiṣa, and the city of the great-souled Utkrośa, lord of the Rākṣasas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.39

तत्रास्ते सुरसापुत्रः शतशीर्षो मुदा युतः। कश्यपस्य सुतः श्रीमान् वासुकिर्नाम नागराट्

tatrāste surasāputraḥ śataśīrṣo mudā yutaḥ| kaśyapasya sutaḥ śrīmān vāsukirnāma nāgarāṭ

There dwells Surasā's son, hundred-headed, filled with joy, the illustrious son of Kaśyapa, the serpent-king named Vāsuki.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.40

एवं पुरसहस्राणि नागदानवरक्षसाम् । षष्ठे तलेऽस्मिन् विख्याते शिलाभौमे रसातले

evaṃ purasahasrāṇi nāgadānavarakṣasām | ṣaṣṭhe tale'smin vikhyāte śilābhaume rasātale

Thus (there are) thousands of cities of Nāgas, Dānavas and Rākṣasas in this famed sixth level, the nether region whose soil is stone.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.41

सप्तमे तु तले ज्ञेयं पाताले सर्व्वपश्चिमे । पुरं बलेः प्रमुदितं नरनारीसमाकुलम्

saptame tu tale jñeyaṃ pātāle sarvvapaścime | puraṃ baleḥ pramuditaṃ naranārīsamākulam

But in the seventh level, Pātāla, the lowest of all, is to be known the joyous city of Bali, thronged with men and women.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.42

असुराशीविषैः पूर्णमुद्धृतैर्द्देवशत्रुभिः। मुचुकुन्दस्य दैत्यस्य तत्र वै नगरं महत्

asurāśīviṣaiḥ pūrṇamuddhṛtairddevaśatrubhiḥ| mucukundasya daityasya tatra vai nagaraṃ mahat

filled with venomous Asuras, arrogant enemies of the gods; there indeed (is) the great town of the Daitya Mucukunda.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.43

अनेकैर्दितिपुत्राणां समुदीर्णैर्महापुरैः। तथैव नागनगरैऋद्धिमद्भिः सहस्रशः

anekairditiputrāṇāṃ samudīrṇairmahāpuraiḥ| tathaiva nāganagaraiṛddhimadbhiḥ sahasraśaḥ

With many lofty great cities of Diti's sons, and likewise with thousands of prosperous Nāga towns,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.44

दैत्यानां दानवानाञ्च समुदीर्णै र्महापुरैः। उदीर्णै राक्षसावासैरनेकैश्च समाकुलम्

daityānāṃ dānavānāñca samudīrṇai rmahāpuraiḥ| udīrṇai rākṣasāvāsairanekaiśca samākulam

crowded with lofty great cities of the Daityas and Dānavas, and with many exalted dwellings of Rākṣasas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.45

पातालान्ते च विप्रेन्द्रा विस्तीर्णे बहुयोजने। आस्ते रक्तारविन्दाक्षो महात्मा ह्यजरामरः

pātālānte ca viprendrā vistīrṇe bahuyojane| āste raktāravindākṣo mahātmā hyajarāmaraḥ

And at the end of Pātāla, O best of brahmins, in an expanse of many yojanas, there dwells the great-souled one with red-lotus eyes, free from old age and death.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.46

धौतशङ्खोदरवपुर्नीलवासा महाभुजः। विशालभोगो द्युतिमांश्चित्रमालाधरो बली

dhautaśaṅkhodaravapurnīlavāsā mahābhujaḥ| viśālabhogo dyutimāṃścitramālādharo balī

His body (white) like the inside of a polished conch, clad in blue, mighty-armed, of vast coils, radiant, wearing a many-colored garland, powerful.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.47

रुक्मश्रृङगावदातेन दीप्तास्येन विराजता। प्रभुर्मुखसहस्रेण शोभते वै स कुण्डली

rukmaśrṛṅagāvadātena dīptāsyena virājatā| prabhurmukhasahasreṇa śobhate vai sa kuṇḍalī

With a thousand mouths, bright as a golden peak, blazing-faced and shining, that lord, wearing earrings, is resplendent.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.48

स जिह्वामालया देवो लोलज्वालानलार्चिषा। ज्वालामालापरिक्षिप्तः कैलास इव लक्ष्यते

sa jihvāmālayā devo lolajvālānalārciṣā| jvālāmālāparikṣiptaḥ kailāsa iva lakṣyate

That god, with his garland of tongues, with the flames of a flickering blazing fire, encircled by a wreath of flames, looks like Kailāsa.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.49

स तु नेत्रसहस्रेण द्विगुणेन विराजता। बालसूर्य्याभिताम्रेण शोभते स्निग्धमण्डलः

sa tu netrasahasreṇa dviguṇena virājatā| bālasūryyābhitāmreṇa śobhate snigdhamaṇḍalaḥ

And with his thousand eyes — twice a thousand — shining, coppery like the young sun, he is resplendent, with glossy orbs.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.50

तस्य कुन्देन्दुवर्णस्य अक्षमाला विराजते । तरुणादित्यमालेव श्वेतपर्व्वतमूर्द्धनि

tasya kundenduvarṇasya akṣamālā virājate | taruṇādityamāleva śvetaparvvatamūrddhani

On him, who has the color of jasmine and the moon, the string of beads shines like a garland of the young sun on the summit of a white mountain.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.51

जटाकरालो द्युतिमान् लक्ष्यते शयनासने। विस्तीर्ण इव मेदिन्यां सहस्रशिखरो गिरिः

jaṭākarālo dyutimān lakṣyate śayanāsane| vistīrṇa iva medinyāṃ sahasraśikharo giriḥ

Bristling with matted locks, radiant, he is seen on his couch-seat, like a mountain with a thousand peaks spread out upon the earth.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.52

महाभोगैर्महाभागैर्महानागैर्महाबलैः। उपास्यते महातेजा महानागपतिः स्वयम्

mahābhogairmahābhāgairmahānāgairmahābalaiḥ| upāsyate mahātejā mahānāgapatiḥ svayam

By great serpents of great coils, of great fortune, of great strength, the greatly splendid great lord of serpents is himself attended.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.53

स राजा सर्वनागानां शेषो नाम महाद्युतिः। सा वैष्णवी ह्यहितनुर्मर्यादायां व्यवस्थिता

sa rājā sarvanāgānāṃ śeṣo nāma mahādyutiḥ| sā vaiṣṇavī hyahitanurmaryādāyāṃ vyavasthitā

He is the king of all the nāgas, Śeṣa by name, of great brilliance; that Vaiṣṇava body of his is stationed at the boundary.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.54

सप्तैवमेते कथिता व्यवहार्या रसातलाः । देवासुरमहानागराक्षसाध्युषिताः सदा

saptaivamete kathitā vyavahāryā rasātalāḥ | devāsuramahānāgarākṣasādhyuṣitāḥ sadā

Thus these seven habitable nether regions have been described, always inhabited by gods, asuras, great nāgas and rākṣasas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.55

अतःपरमनालोक्यमगम्यं सिद्धसाधुभिः। देवा मानप्यविदितं व्यवहारविवर्ज्जितम्

ataḥparamanālokyamagamyaṃ siddhasādhubhiḥ| devā mānapyaviditaṃ vyavahāravivarjjitam

Beyond this is what cannot be seen, unreachable by the siddhas and the good, unknown even to the gods, devoid of ordinary dealings.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.56

पृथिव्यग्न्यम्बुवायूनां नभसश्च द्विजोत्तमाः। महत्त्वमेवमृषिभिर्वर्ण्यते नात्र संशयः

pṛthivyagnyambuvāyūnāṃ nabhasaśca dvijottamāḥ| mahattvamevamṛṣibhirvarṇyate nātra saṃśayaḥ

Of earth, fire, water, and the winds, and of the sky, O best of the twice-born, the greatness is thus described by the sages; there is no doubt in this.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.57

अत ऊर्द्ध्वं प्रवक्ष्यामि सूर्याचन्द्रमसोर्गतिम्। सूर्याचन्द्रमसावेतौ भ्रमन्तौ यावदेव तु। प्रकाशतः स्वभाभिस्तौ मण्डलाभ्यां समास्थितौ

ata ūrddhvaṃ pravakṣyāmi sūryācandramasorgatim| sūryācandramasāvetau bhramantau yāvadeva tu| prakāśataḥ svabhābhistau maṇḍalābhyāṃ samāsthitau

Above this I shall declare the course of the sun and the moon. These two, sun and moon, as they revolve, illumine by their own radiance, both established in their orbs.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.58

सप्तानाञ्च समुद्राणां द्वीपानान्तु स विस्तरः। विस्तरार्द्धं पृथिव्यास्तु भवेदन्यत्र बाह्यतः

saptānāñca samudrāṇāṃ dvīpānāntu sa vistaraḥ| vistarārddhaṃ pṛthivyāstu bhavedanyatra bāhyataḥ

That is the extent of the seven oceans and of the continents; and half that extent would be (the extent) of the earth elsewhere, outwardly.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.59

पर्यासपारिमाण्यन्तु चान्द्रादित्यौ प्रकाशतः। पर्यासपारिमाण्येन भूमेस्तुल्यं दिवं स्मृतम्

paryāsapārimāṇyantu cāndrādityau prakāśataḥ| paryāsapārimāṇyena bhūmestulyaṃ divaṃ smṛtam

But in circumference and measure the moon and the sun illumine (it); by circumference and measure heaven is held to be equal to the earth.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.60

अवति त्रीनिमान् लोकान् यस्मात् सूर्यः परिभ्रमन्। अवधातुः प्रकाशाख्यो ह्यवनात्स रविः स्मृतः

avati trīnimān lokān yasmāt sūryaḥ paribhraman| avadhātuḥ prakāśākhyo hyavanātsa raviḥ smṛtaḥ

Because the sun, revolving, protects (avati) these three worlds, and because it is called light from 'avadhātṛ', it is known as Ravi from 'avana' (protecting).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.61

अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि प्रमाणं चन्द्रसूर्ययोः। महितत्वान्महीशब्दो ह्यस्मिन् वर्षे निपात्यते

ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi pramāṇaṃ candrasūryayoḥ| mahitatvānmahīśabdo hyasmin varṣe nipātyate

Next I shall declare the measure of the moon and the sun. From being honored (mahita) the word 'mahī' is applied to this region.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.62

अस्य भारतवर्षस्य विष्कम्भन्तु सुविस्तरम्। मण्डलं भास्करस्याथ योजनानां निबोधत

asya bhāratavarṣasya viṣkambhantu suvistaram| maṇḍalaṃ bhāskarasyātha yojanānāṃ nibodhata

Learn now, in yojanas, the very wide diameter of this Bhārata-varṣa, and the orb of the sun.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.63

नवयोजनसाहस्रो विस्तारो भास्करस्य तु। विस्तारात्र्रिगुणश्चास्य परिणाहोऽथ मण्डलम्। विष्कम्बो मण्जलस्यैव भास्कराद् द्विगुणः शशी

navayojanasāhasro vistāro bhāskarasya tu| vistārātrriguṇaścāsya pariṇāho'tha maṇḍalam| viṣkambo maṇjalasyaiva bhāskarād dviguṇaḥ śaśī

The breadth of the sun is nine thousand yojanas, and its circumference — its orb — is three times its breadth; the diameter of the moon's disc is twice that of the sun.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.64

अतः पृथिव्यां वक्ष्यामि प्रमाणं योजनैः सह। सप्तद्वीपसमुद्राया विस्तारो मण्जलञ्च यत्

ataḥ pṛthivyāṃ vakṣyāmi pramāṇaṃ yojanaiḥ saha| saptadvīpasamudrāyā vistāro maṇjalañca yat

Next I shall declare the measure of the earth together with the yojanas — what the extent and the circuit of (the earth) with its seven continents and oceans is.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.65

इत्येतदिह सङ्ख्यातं पुराणं परिमाणतः। तद्वक्ष्यामि प्रसङ्ख्याय साम्प्रतैरभिमानिभिः

ityetadiha saṅkhyātaṃ purāṇaṃ parimāṇataḥ| tadvakṣyāmi prasaṅkhyāya sāmpratairabhimānibhiḥ

Thus this ancient (measure) has here been reckoned by way of dimension; having calculated it, I shall declare it in terms of the presiding deities of the present (age).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.66

अभिमानिव्यतीता ये तुल्यास्ते साम्प्रतैरिह। देवा ये वै ह्यतीतास्ते रूपैर्नामभिरेव च

abhimānivyatītā ye tulyāste sāmpratairiha| devā ye vai hyatītāste rūpairnāmabhireva ca

Those presiding deities who have passed away are equal to the present ones here; for the gods who are gone by (were the same) precisely in forms and in names.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.67

तस्मात्तु साम्प्रतैर्देवैर्वक्ष्यामि वसुधातलम्। दिवस्तु सन्निवेशो वै साम्प्रतैरेव कृत्स्नशः

tasmāttu sāmpratairdevairvakṣyāmi vasudhātalam| divastu sanniveśo vai sāmprataireva kṛtsnaśaḥ

Therefore I shall describe the surface of the earth in terms of the present gods; and the arrangement of the sky too, entirely in terms of the present ones.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.68

शतार्द्ध कोटिविस्तारा पृथिवी कृत्स्नतः स्मृता। तस्या वार्धप्रमाणेन मेरोर्वै चातुरन्तरम्

śatārddha koṭivistārā pṛthivī kṛtsnataḥ smṛtā| tasyā vārdhapramāṇena merorvai cāturantaram

The earth in its entirety is held to extend fifty crores (of yojanas); by the measure of half of that is (reckoned) the four-quarter span from Meru.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.69

पृथिव्या वार्धविस्तारो योजनाग्रात्प्रकीर्त्तितः । मेरुमध्यात् प्रति दिशं कोटिरेकादश स्मृताः

pṛthivyā vārdhavistāro yojanāgrātprakīrttitaḥ | merumadhyāt prati diśaṃ koṭirekādaśa smṛtāḥ

The half-extent of the earth is proclaimed by the total of yojanas: from the middle of Meru, in each direction, eleven crores are held (to be the distance),

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.70

तथा शतसहस्राणि एकोननवतिः पुनः। पञ्चाशच्च सहस्राणि पृथिव्या वार्धविस्तरः

tathā śatasahasrāṇi ekonanavatiḥ punaḥ| pañcāśacca sahasrāṇi pṛthivyā vārdhavistaraḥ

and likewise eighty-nine hundred-thousands, and further fifty thousands — (that is) the half-extent of the earth.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.71

पृथिव्या विस्तरं कृत्स्नं योजनैस्तन्निबोधत। तिस्रः कोट्यस्तु विस्तारः संख्यातः स चतुर्दिशम्

pṛthivyā vistaraṃ kṛtsnaṃ yojanaistannibodhata| tisraḥ koṭyastu vistāraḥ saṃkhyātaḥ sa caturdiśam

Learn the whole extent of the earth in yojanas: the extent, reckoned in the four directions, is three crores,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.72

तथा शतसहस्राणामेकोनाशीतिरुच्यते। सप्तद्वीपसमुद्रायाः पृथिव्यास्त्वेष विस्तरः

tathā śatasahasrāṇāmekonāśītirucyate| saptadvīpasamudrāyāḥ pṛthivyāstveṣa vistaraḥ

and likewise seventy-nine hundred-thousands are stated; this is the extent of the earth with its seven continents and oceans.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.73

विस्तारात् त्रिगुण़ञ्चैव पृथिव्यन्तस्य मण्डलम्। गणितं योजनाग्रन्तु कोट्यस्त्वेकादश स्मृताः

vistārāt triguṇa़ñcaiva pṛthivyantasya maṇḍalam| gaṇitaṃ yojanāgrantu koṭyastvekādaśa smṛtāḥ

And the circumference at the earth's end is three times the extent; the total in yojanas, when calculated, is held to be eleven crores,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.74

तथा शतसहस्रन्तु सप्त त्रिंशाधिकानि तु। इत्येतद्वै प्रसङ्ख्यातं पृथिव्यन्तस्य मण्डलम्

tathā śatasahasrantu sapta triṃśādhikāni tu| ityetadvai prasaṅkhyātaṃ pṛthivyantasya maṇḍalam

and likewise seven hundred-thousands plus thirty; thus has the circumference at the earth's end been reckoned.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.75

तारकासन्निवेशस्य दिवि यावद्धि मण्डलम्। पर्यासः सन्निवेशस्य भूमस्तावत्तु मण्डलम्

tārakāsanniveśasya divi yāvaddhi maṇḍalam| paryāsaḥ sanniveśasya bhūmastāvattu maṇḍalam

However great the circle of the arrangement of the stars is in the sky, just so great is the circumference of the earth's arrangement, that (same) circle.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.76

पर्यासपारिमाण्डेन भूमेस्तुल्यं दिवं स्मृतम्। सप्तानामपि लोकानामेतन्मानं प्रकीर्तितम्

paryāsapārimāṇḍena bhūmestulyaṃ divaṃ smṛtam| saptānāmapi lokānāmetanmānaṃ prakīrtitam

By circumference and circularity the sky is held equal to the earth; this measure is declared for all seven worlds as well.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.77

पर्यासपारिमाण्डेन मण्डलानुगतेन च। उपर्युपरि लोकानां छत्रवत्परिमण्डलम्

paryāsapārimāṇḍena maṇḍalānugatena ca| uparyupari lokānāṃ chatravatparimaṇḍalam

By circumference and circularity, and following (that) circle, the worlds one above another are rounded like an umbrella.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.78

संस्थितिर्विहिता सर्वा येषु तिष्ठन्ति जन्तवः। एतदण्डकटाहस्य प्रमाणं परिकीर्त्तितम्

saṃsthitirvihitā sarvā yeṣu tiṣṭhanti jantavaḥ| etadaṇḍakaṭāhasya pramāṇaṃ parikīrttitam

The whole structure is so arranged, in which the creatures dwell; this has been declared to be the measure of the shell of the (cosmic) egg.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.79

अण्डस्यान्तस्त्विमे लोकाः सप्तद्वीपा च मेदिनी। भूर्लोकस्व भुवश्चैव तृतीयः स्वरिति स्मृतः । महर्लोको जनश्चैव तपः सत्यश्च सप्तमः

aṇḍasyāntastvime lokāḥ saptadvīpā ca medinī| bhūrlokasva bhuvaścaiva tṛtīyaḥ svariti smṛtaḥ | maharloko janaścaiva tapaḥ satyaśca saptamaḥ

Within the egg are these worlds and the earth with its seven continents: Bhūrloka and Bhuvas, and the third is called Svar; Maharloka and Jana, Tapas, and Satya the seventh.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.80

एते सप्त कृता लोकाश्छत्राकारा व्यवस्थिताः। स्वकैरावरणैः सूक्ष्मैर्धार्यमाणाः पृथक् पृथक्

ete sapta kṛtā lokāśchatrākārā vyavasthitāḥ| svakairāvaraṇaiḥ sūkṣmairdhāryamāṇāḥ pṛthak pṛthak

These seven worlds so made are established in the shape of umbrellas, each severally upheld by its own subtle envelopes,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.81

दशभागाधिकाभिश्च ताभिः प्रकृतिभिर्बहिः। धार्यमाणा विशेषैश्च समुत्पन्नैः परस्परम्

daśabhāgādhikābhiśca tābhiḥ prakṛtibhirbahiḥ| dhāryamāṇā viśeṣaiśca samutpannaiḥ parasparam

and, outside, upheld by those primary substances which are greater by a tenth part, and by the particular (products) that have arisen mutually (from one another).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.82

अस्याण्डस्य समन्ताच्च सन्निविष्टो घनोदधिः। पृथिवीमण्डलं कृत्स्नं घनतोयेन धार्यते

asyāṇḍasya samantācca sanniviṣṭo ghanodadhiḥ| pṛthivīmaṇḍalaṃ kṛtsnaṃ ghanatoyena dhāryate

All around this egg the dense ocean is set in place; the whole circle of the earth is upheld by the dense water.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.83

घनोदधिपरेणाथ धार्य्यते घनतेजसा। बाह्यतो घनतेजस्तु तिर्य्यगूर्द्ध्वन्तु मण्डलम्

ghanodadhipareṇātha dhāryyate ghanatejasā| bāhyato ghanatejastu tiryyagūrddhvantu maṇḍalam

Next, beyond the dense ocean, it is upheld by dense fire; and outside the dense fire, the circle (extends) crosswise and upward,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.84

समन्ताद्वनवातेन धार्य्यमाणं प्रतिष्ठितम्। घनवातात्तथाकाशमाकाशञ्च महात्मना

samantādvanavātena dhāryyamāṇaṃ pratiṣṭhitam| ghanavātāttathākāśamākāśañca mahātmanā

upheld all around by the dense wind, (thus) it stands firm; and from the dense wind (comes) space, and space by the great one (mahat).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.85

भूतादिना वृतं सर्व्वं भूताधिर्महता वृतः । वृतो महाननन्तेन प्रधानेनाव्ययात्मना

bhūtādinā vṛtaṃ sarvvaṃ bhūtādhirmahatā vṛtaḥ | vṛto mahānanantena pradhānenāvyayātmanā

All this is enveloped by the origin of the elements; the origin of the elements is enveloped by the great one (mahat); and the great one is enveloped by the endless pradhāna, whose nature is imperishable.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.86

पुराणि लोकपालानां प्रवक्ष्यामि यथाक्रमम् । ज्योतिर्गणप्रचारस्य प्रमाणं परिवक्ष्यते

purāṇi lokapālānāṃ pravakṣyāmi yathākramam | jyotirgaṇapracārasya pramāṇaṃ parivakṣyate

I shall declare in due order the cities of the guardians of the world; (and) the measure of the movement of the host of luminaries will be set forth.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.87

मेरोः प्राच्यां दिशि तथा मानसस्यैव मूर्द्धनि। वस्वोकसारा माहेन्द्री पुण्या हेमपरिष्कृता

meroḥ prācyāṃ diśi tathā mānasasyaiva mūrddhani| vasvokasārā māhendrī puṇyā hemapariṣkṛtā

In the eastern quarter of Meru, and on the summit of Mānasa itself, (is) Vasvokasārā, Mahendra's (city), holy, wrought with gold.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.88

दक्षिणेन पुनर्मेरोर्मानसस्यैव मूर्द्धनि। वैवस्वतो निवसति यमः संयमने पुरे

dakṣiṇena punarmerormānasasyaiva mūrddhani| vaivasvato nivasati yamaḥ saṃyamane pure

Again, to the south of Meru, on the summit of Mānasa itself, dwells Yama, the son of Vivasvat, in the city Saṃyamana.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.89

प्रतीच्यान्तु पुनर्मेरोर्मानसस्यैव मूर्द्धनि। सुखा नाम पुरी रम्या वरुणस्याथ धीमतः

pratīcyāntu punarmerormānasasyaiva mūrddhani| sukhā nāma purī ramyā varuṇasyātha dhīmataḥ

But in the west, again, of Meru, on the summit of Mānasa itself, (is) the delightful city named Sukhā, of the wise Varuṇa.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.90

दिश्युत्तरस्यां मेरोस्तु मानसस्यैव मूर्द्धनि। तुल्या माहेन्द्रपुर्य्या तु सोमस्यापि विभावरी

diśyuttarasyāṃ merostu mānasasyaiva mūrddhani| tulyā māhendrapuryyā tu somasyāpi vibhāvarī

And in the northern quarter of Meru, on the summit of Mānasa itself, (is) Soma's Vibhāvarī, equal to Mahendra's city.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.91

मानसोत्तरपृष्ठे तु लोकपालाश्चतुर्द्दिशम्। स्थिता धर्म्मव्यवस्थायै लोकसंरक्षणाय च

mānasottarapṛṣṭhe tu lokapālāścaturddiśam| sthitā dharmmavyavasthāyai lokasaṃrakṣaṇāya ca

On the ridge of Mānasottara the world-guardians are stationed in the four directions, for the establishing of dharma and for the protection of the world.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.92

लोकपालोपरिष्टात्तु सर्व्वतो दक्षिणायने। काष्ठागतस्य सूर्य्यस्य गतिर्या तां निबोधत

lokapālopariṣṭāttu sarvvato dakṣiṇāyane| kāṣṭhāgatasya sūryyasya gatiryā tāṃ nibodhata

But above the world-guardians, all around, in the southward course, learn what is the motion of the sun when it has reached the quarter-point.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.93

दक्षिणे प्रक्रमे सूर्य्यः क्षिप्तेषुरिव सर्पति। ज्योतिषाञ्चक्रमादाय सततं परिगच्छति

dakṣiṇe prakrame sūryyaḥ kṣipteṣuriva sarpati| jyotiṣāñcakramādāya satataṃ parigacchati

In its southward advance the sun glides on like an arrow shot forth; taking up the wheel of the luminaries, it goes round continually.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.94

मध्यगश्चामरावत्यां यदा भवति भास्करः। वैवस्वते संयमने उदयस्तत्र उच्यते

madhyagaścāmarāvatyāṃ yadā bhavati bhāskaraḥ| vaivasvate saṃyamane udayastatra ucyate

When the maker of light is at the midpoint over Amarāvatī, then at Vaivasvata's Saṃyamana his rising is said (to occur).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.95

सुखायामर्द्धरात्रञ्च मध्यगः स्याद्रविर्यदा। सुखायामथ वारुण्यामुत्तिष्ठन् स तु दृश्यते

sukhāyāmarddharātrañca madhyagaḥ syādraviryadā| sukhāyāmatha vāruṇyāmuttiṣṭhan sa tu dṛśyate

And when the sun would be at the midpoint (there), it is midnight in Sukhā; and in Sukhā, Varuṇa's (city), he is then seen rising.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.96

विभायामर्द्धरात्रं स्यान्माहेन्द्य्रामस्तमेति च। तदा दक्षिणपूर्व्वेषामपराह्नो विधीयते

vibhāyāmarddharātraṃ syānmāhendyrāmastameti ca| tadā dakṣiṇapūrvveṣāmaparāhno vidhīyate

In Vibhā (Vibhāvarī) it would be midnight, and in Mahendra's city he sets; then for the south-eastern (peoples) afternoon is ordained.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.97

दक्षिणापर देश्यानां पूर्व्वाह्नः परिकीर्त्त्यते। तेषामपररात्रञ्च ये जना उत्तरापथे

dakṣiṇāpara deśyānāṃ pūrvvāhnaḥ parikīrttyate| teṣāmapararātrañca ye janā uttarāpathe

For those of the south-western lands forenoon is declared; and it is the latter half of the night for those people who are on the northern path.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.98

देशा उत्तरपूर्व्वा ये पूर्व्वरात्रन्तु तान् प्रति। एवमेवोत्तरेष्वर्को भवनेषु विराजते

deśā uttarapūrvvā ye pūrvvarātrantu tān prati| evamevottareṣvarko bhavaneṣu virājate

And for those lands that are north-eastern, it is the first half of the night; just so does the sun shine upon the northern dwellings.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.99

सुखायामथ वारुण्यां मध्याह्ने चार्य्यमा यदा। विभावर्य्यां सोमपुर्य्यामुत्तिष्ठति विभावसुः

sukhāyāmatha vāruṇyāṃ madhyāhne cāryyamā yadā| vibhāvaryyāṃ somapuryyāmuttiṣṭhati vibhāvasuḥ

And when the sun is at midday in Sukhā, Varuṇa's (city), the radiant one is rising in Vibhāvarī, Soma's city.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.100

रात्र्यर्द्धं चामरावत्यामस्तमेति यमस्य च। सोमपुर्यां विभायान्तु मध्याह्ने स्याद्धिवाकरः

rātryarddhaṃ cāmarāvatyāmastameti yamasya ca| somapuryāṃ vibhāyāntu madhyāhne syāddhivākaraḥ

It is midnight in Amarāvatī, and he sets in Yama's (city); and when it is midday in Vibhā, Soma's city,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.101

महेन्द्रस्यामरावत्यामुत्तिष्ठति यदा रविः। अर्द्धरात्रं संयमने वारुण्यामस्तमेति च

mahendrasyāmarāvatyāmuttiṣṭhati yadā raviḥ| arddharātraṃ saṃyamane vāruṇyāmastameti ca

when the sun is rising in Mahendra's Amarāvatī, it is midnight in Saṃyamana, and he sets in Varuṇa's (city).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.102

स शीग्रमेति पर्य्येति भास्करोऽलातचक्रवत्। भ्रमन् वै भ्रममाणानि ऋक्षाणि गगने रविः

sa śīgrameti paryyeti bhāskaro'lātacakravat| bhraman vai bhramamāṇāni ṛkṣāṇi gagane raviḥ

The maker of light goes swiftly and circles round like a whirling firebrand; and the sun, revolving in the sky, (carries round) the revolving stars.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.103

एवं चतुर्षु द्वीपेषु दक्षिणान्तेन सर्पति। उदयास्तमनेनासावुत्तिष्ठति पुनः पुनः

evaṃ caturṣu dvīpeṣu dakṣiṇāntena sarpati| udayāstamanenāsāvuttiṣṭhati punaḥ punaḥ

Thus he glides over the four continents by way of the southern limit; and by rising and setting he rises up again and again.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.104

पूर्व्वाह्ने चापराह्ने तु द्वौ द्वौ देवालयौ तु सः। तपत्येकन्तु मध्याह्ने तैरेव तु सरश्मिभिः

pūrvvāhne cāparāhne tu dvau dvau devālayau tu saḥ| tapatyekantu madhyāhne taireva tu saraśmibhiḥ

In the forenoon and in the afternoon (he shines upon) two and two abodes of the gods; but at midday he burns upon one with those same rays of his.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.105

उदितो वर्द्धमानाभिरामध्याह्नं तपन् रविः। अतः परं ह्रसन्तीभिर्गोभिरस्तं स गच्छति

udito varddhamānābhirāmadhyāhnaṃ tapan raviḥ| ataḥ paraṃ hrasantībhirgobhirastaṃ sa gacchati

Risen, the sun burns with waxing (rays) up to midday; after that he goes to his setting with rays that dwindle.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.106

उदयास्तमयाभ्यां हिस्मृते पूर्वापरे दिशो। यावत्पुरस्तात्तपति तावत् पृष्ठे तु पार्श्वयोः

udayāstamayābhyāṃ hismṛte pūrvāpare diśo| yāvatpurastāttapati tāvat pṛṣṭhe tu pārśvayoḥ

By the rising and the setting the eastern and western directions are known; as far as he burns in front, so far too behind and at the two sides.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.107

यत्रोद्यन् दृश्यते सूर्यस्तेषां स उदयः स्मृतः। यत्र प्रणाशमायाति तेषामस्तः स उच्यते

yatrodyan dṛśyate sūryasteṣāṃ sa udayaḥ smṛtaḥ| yatra praṇāśamāyāti teṣāmastaḥ sa ucyate

Where the sun is seen rising, that is reckoned as his rising for those (people); where he passes out of sight, that is called his setting for those (people).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.108

सर्वेषामुत्तरे मेरुर्लोकालोकस्तु दक्षिणे। विदूरभावादर्कस्य भूमेर्लेखावृतस्य च। ह्रियन्ते रश्मयो यस्मात्तेन रात्रौ न दृश्यते

sarveṣāmuttare merurlokālokastu dakṣiṇe| vidūrabhāvādarkasya bhūmerlekhāvṛtasya ca| hriyante raśmayo yasmāttena rātrau na dṛśyate

Meru is to the north of all, and Lokāloka to the south; because of the sun's remoteness, and because of the earth screened by the (horizon-)line, his rays are withdrawn, and therefore he is not seen at night.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.109

ग्रहनक्षत्रताराणां दर्शनं भास्करस्य च। उच्छ्रायस्य प्रमाणेन ज्ञेयमस्तमनोदयम्

grahanakṣatratārāṇāṃ darśanaṃ bhāskarasya ca| ucchrāyasya pramāṇena jñeyamastamanodayam

The visibility of the planets, the lunar mansions and the stars, and of the sun, (that is,) their setting and rising, is to be known by the measure of (their) elevation.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.110

शुक्लच्छायोग्निरापश्च कृष्णच्छाया च मेदिनी। विदूरभावादर्कस्य उद्यातस्य विरश्मिता। रक्ताबावो विरश्मित्वाद्रक्तत्वाच्चाप्यनुष्णता

śuklacchāyognirāpaśca kṛṣṇacchāyā ca medinī| vidūrabhāvādarkasya udyātasya viraśmitā| raktābāvo viraśmitvādraktatvāccāpyanuṣṇatā

Fire and the waters have a white lustre, and the earth a black lustre; from the sun's remoteness, when he has risen high (?), comes his raylessness; from raylessness redness, and from redness also the absence of heat.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.111

लेखयावस्थितः सूर्यो यत्र यत्र तु दृश्यते। ऊर्द्ध्वं गतः सहस्रन्तु योजनानां स दृश्यते

lekhayāvasthitaḥ sūryo yatra yatra tu dṛśyate| ūrddhvaṃ gataḥ sahasrantu yojanānāṃ sa dṛśyate

Wherever the sun, standing at the (horizon-)line, is seen, he is seen (as if) gone up a thousand yojanas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.112

प्रभा हि सौरी पादेन अस्तङ्गच्छति भास्करे। अग्निमाविशते रात्रौ तस्माद्दूरात् प्रकाशते

prabhā hi saurī pādena astaṅgacchati bhāskare| agnimāviśate rātrau tasmāddūrāt prakāśate

When the sun sets, the solar radiance sets (only) by a quarter; at night it enters fire, and therefore (fire) gives light from far off.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.113

उदितस्तु पुनः सूर्यः अस्तमाग्नेयमाविशत्। संयुक्तो वह्निना सूर्यस्ततः स तपते दिवा

uditastu punaḥ sūryaḥ astamāgneyamāviśat| saṃyukto vahninā sūryastataḥ sa tapate divā

But when the sun has risen again, the fiery (radiance) that had set enters (him); joined with fire, the sun then burns by day.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.114

प्राकाश्यञ्च तथौष्ण्यञ्च सूर्याग्नेयी च तेजसी। परस्परानुप्रवेशादाप्यायेते दिवानिशम्

prākāśyañca tathauṣṇyañca sūryāgneyī ca tejasī| parasparānupraveśādāpyāyete divāniśam

Luminosity and likewise heat—the two energies, the solar and the fiery—by entering one another are replenished day and night.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.115

उत्तरे चैव भूम्यर्द्धे तथा तस्मिंश्च दक्षिणे। उत्तिष्ठति तथा सूर्ये रात्रिराविशते त्वपः । तस्मात्ताम्रा भवन्त्यापो दिवारात्रिप्रवेशनात्

uttare caiva bhūmyarddhe tathā tasmiṃśca dakṣiṇe| uttiṣṭhati tathā sūrye rātrirāviśate tvapaḥ | tasmāttāmrā bhavantyāpo divārātripraveśanāt

In the northern half of the earth and likewise in that southern one: when the sun rises, night enters the waters; therefore the waters become coppery, from night's entering during the day.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.116

अस्तं याति पुनः सूर्ये दिनं वै प्रविशत्यपः। तस्माच्छुक्ला भवन्त्यापो नक्तमह्नः प्रवेशनात्

astaṃ yāti punaḥ sūrye dinaṃ vai praviśatyapaḥ| tasmācchuklā bhavantyāpo naktamahnaḥ praveśanāt

Again, when the sun goes to its setting, day enters the waters; therefore the waters become white, from the day's entering at night.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.117

एतेन क्रमयोगेन भूम्यर्द्धे दक्षिणोत्तरे। उदयास्तमनेऽर्कस्य अहोरात्रं विशत्यपः

etena kramayogena bhūmyarddhe dakṣiṇottare| udayāstamane'rkasya ahorātraṃ viśatyapaḥ

By this sequential arrangement, in the southern and northern halves of the earth, at the sun's rising and setting, day and night enter the waters.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.118

दिनं सूर्यप्रकाशाख्यं तामसी रात्रिरुच्यते। तस्माद्व्यवस्थिता रात्रिः सूर्यावेक्ष्यमहः स्मृतम्

dinaṃ sūryaprakāśākhyaṃ tāmasī rātrirucyate| tasmādvyavasthitā rātriḥ sūryāvekṣyamahaḥ smṛtam

Day is what is named the sun's light; night is said to be made of darkness. Therefore night is the settled state, and day is reckoned as dependent on the sight of the sun.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.119

एवं पुष्करमध्येन यदा सर्पति भास्करः। त्रिंशां शकन्तु मेदिन्या मुहूर्तेनैव गच्छति

evaṃ puṣkaramadhyena yadā sarpati bhāskaraḥ| triṃśāṃ śakantu medinyā muhūrtenaiva gacchati

Thus, when the sun glides through the middle of Puṣkara, he traverses a thirtieth part of the earth in a single muhūrta.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.120

योजनाग्रान्मुहूर्त्तस्य इमां सङ्ख्यां निबोधत। पूर्णं शतसहस्राणामेकत्रिंशत्तु सा स्मृता

yojanāgrānmuhūrttasya imāṃ saṅkhyāṃ nibodhata| pūrṇaṃ śatasahasrāṇāmekatriṃśattu sā smṛtā

Learn this figure for the sum of yojanas in a muhūrta: it is reckoned at a full thirty-one hundred thousand,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.121

पञ्चाशत्तु तथान्यानि सहस्राण्यधिकानि तु। मौहूर्त्तिकी गतिर्ह्येषा सूर्यस्य तु विधीयते

pañcāśattu tathānyāni sahasrāṇyadhikāni tu| mauhūrttikī gatirhyeṣā sūryasya tu vidhīyate

and fifty thousand more besides; this is laid down as the sun's motion per muhūrta.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.122

एतेन गतियोगेन यदा काष्ठान्तु दक्षिणाम्। पर्य्यागच्छेत्तदादित्यो माघे काष्ठान्तमेव हि

etena gatiyogena yadā kāṣṭhāntu dakṣiṇām| paryyāgacchettadādityo māghe kāṣṭhāntameva hi

By this rate of motion, when the sun comes round to the southern limit—indeed it is in Māgha that he is at the limit's end.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.123

सर्पते दक्षिणायान्तु काष्ठायां तन्निबोधत। नवकोट्यः प्रसङ्ख्याता योजनैः परिमण्डलम्

sarpate dakṣiṇāyāntu kāṣṭhāyāṃ tannibodhata| navakoṭyaḥ prasaṅkhyātā yojanaiḥ parimaṇḍalam

And when he glides along the southern limit, learn this: the circuit is reckoned at nine crores of yojanas,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.124

तथा शतसहस्राणि चत्वारिंशच्च पञ्च च। अहोरात्रात्पतङ्गस्य गतिरेषा विधीयते

tathā śatasahasrāṇi catvāriṃśacca pañca ca| ahorātrātpataṅgasya gatireṣā vidhīyate

and likewise forty-five hundred thousand; this is laid down as the flier's (sun's) motion in a day and a night.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.125

दक्षिणाद्विनिवृत्तोऽसौ विषुवस्थो यदा रविः। क्षीरोदस्य समुद्रस्य उत्तरान्ता दिशश्चरन्

dakṣiṇādvinivṛtto'sau viṣuvastho yadā raviḥ| kṣīrodasya samudrasya uttarāntā diśaścaran

When that sun, having turned back from the south, stands at the equinox, traversing the northern limits of the region of the Ocean of Milk —

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.126

मण्डलं विषुवद्यापि योजनैस्तन्निबोधत। तिस्रः कोट्यस्तु विस्तीर्णा विषुवद्यापि सा स्मृता

maṇḍalaṃ viṣuvadyāpi yojanaistannibodhata| tisraḥ koṭyastu vistīrṇā viṣuvadyāpi sā smṛtā

Learn that equinoctial circle in yojanas: that equinoctial (circle) is recorded as three crores in extent,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.127

तथा शतसहस्राणामशीत्येकाधिका पुनः । श्रवणे चोत्तरां काष्ठाञ्चित्रभानुर्यदा भवेत् । शाकद्वीपस्य षष्ठस्य उत्तरान्ता दिशश्चरन्

tathā śatasahasrāṇāmaśītyekādhikā punaḥ | śravaṇe cottarāṃ kāṣṭhāñcitrabhānuryadā bhavet | śākadvīpasya ṣaṣṭhasya uttarāntā diśaścaran

and likewise a hundred thousand with eighty-one more. And when the bright-rayed one is in Śravaṇa, in the northern quarter, traversing the northern limits of the sixth continent, Śāka —

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.128

उत्तरायाञ्च काष्ठायां प्रमाणं मण्डलस्य च। योजनाग्रात्प्रसङ्ख्याता कोटिरेका तु सा द्विजैः

uttarāyāñca kāṣṭhāyāṃ pramāṇaṃ maṇḍalasya ca| yojanāgrātprasaṅkhyātā koṭirekā tu sā dvijaiḥ

then, in the northern quarter, the measure of the circle, reckoned by the twice-born in total yojanas, is one crore,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.129

अशीतिर्नियुतानीह योजनानां तथैव च। अष्टपञ्चाशतञ्चैव योजनान्यधिकानि तु

aśītirniyutānīha yojanānāṃ tathaiva ca| aṣṭapañcāśatañcaiva yojanānyadhikāni tu

and here eighty niyutas of yojanas likewise, and fifty-eight yojanas in excess.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.130

नागवीथ्युत्तरावीथी अजवीथी च दक्षिणा। मूलं चैव तथाषाडे ह्यजवीथ्युदयास्त्रयः। अभिजित्पूर्वतः स्वातिर्नागवीथ्युदयास्त्रयः

nāgavīthyuttarāvīthī ajavīthī ca dakṣiṇā| mūlaṃ caiva tathāṣāḍe hyajavīthyudayāstrayaḥ| abhijitpūrvataḥ svātirnāgavīthyudayāstrayaḥ

The Nāga path is the northern path, and the Aja path the southern; Mūla and the two Aṣāḍhās — these three rise in the Aja path; Abhijit, and eastward Svāti — three rise in the Nāga path.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.131

काष्ठयोरन्तरं यच्च तद्वक्ष्ये योजनैः पुनः। एतच्छतसहस्राणामेकत्रिंशोत्तरं शतम्

kāṣṭhayorantaraṃ yacca tadvakṣye yojanaiḥ punaḥ| etacchatasahasrāṇāmekatriṃśottaraṃ śatam

And the interval between the two quarters — that too I shall state in yojanas: it is a hundred and thirty-one hundred-thousands,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.132

त्रयस्त्रिंशाधिकाश्चान्ये त्रयस्त्रिंशच्च योजनैः। काष्ठयोरन्तरं ह्येतद्योजनाग्रात् प्रतिष्ठितम्

trayastriṃśādhikāścānye trayastriṃśacca yojanaiḥ| kāṣṭhayorantaraṃ hyetadyojanāgrāt pratiṣṭhitam

and others, thirty-three more, and thirty-three yojanas; this interval of the two quarters is established in total yojanas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.133

काष्ठयोर्लेखयोश्चैव अन्तरे दक्षिणोत्तरे । ते तु वक्ष्यामि सङ्ख्याय योजनैस्तन्निबोधत

kāṣṭhayorlekhayoścaiva antare dakṣiṇottare | te tu vakṣyāmi saṅkhyāya yojanaistannibodhata

And as for the southern and northern intervals between the quarters and the lines, those I shall state after reckoning; learn that in yojanas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.134

एकैकमन्तरन्तस्या नियुतान्येकसप्ततिः। सहस्राण्यतिरिक्ताश्च ततोऽन्या पञ्चसप्ततिः

ekaikamantarantasyā niyutānyekasaptatiḥ| sahasrāṇyatiriktāśca tato'nyā pañcasaptatiḥ

The interval of each single one of them is seventy-one niyutas, and thousands in excess, and then another seventy-five.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.135

लेखयोः काष्ठयोश्चैव बाह्याभ्यन्तरयोः स्मृतम्। अभ्यन्तरन्तु पर्येति मण्डलान्युत्तरायणे

lekhayoḥ kāṣṭhayoścaiva bāhyābhyantarayoḥ smṛtam| abhyantarantu paryeti maṇḍalānyuttarāyaṇe

(This) is recorded of the lines and the quarters, the outer and the inner. In the northern course he circles the inner circles,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.136

बाह्यतो दक्षिणे चैव सततन्तु यथाक्रमम्। मण्डलानां शतं पूर्णमशीत्यधिकमुत्तरम्

bāhyato dakṣiṇe caiva satatantu yathākramam| maṇḍalānāṃ śataṃ pūrṇamaśītyadhikamuttaram

and from the outside, in the south, continually in due order. A full hundred circles with eighty more is the northern (course);

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.137

चरते दक्षिणे चापि तावदेव विभावसुः। प्रमाणं मण्डलस्याथ योजनाग्रान्निबोधत

carate dakṣiṇe cāpi tāvadeva vibhāvasuḥ| pramāṇaṃ maṇḍalasyātha yojanāgrānnibodhata

and the light-maker moves just as many in the south. Now learn the measure of the circle in total yojanas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.138

एकविंशद्योजनानां सहस्राणि समासतः। शते द्वे पुनरप्यन्ये योजनानां प्रकीर्त्तिते

ekaviṃśadyojanānāṃ sahasrāṇi samāsataḥ| śate dve punarapyanye yojanānāṃ prakīrttite

In sum, twenty-one thousand yojanas; and again two hundred further yojanas are declared,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.139

एकविंशतिभिश्चैव योजनैरधिकैर्हि ते। एतत्प्रमाणमाख्यातं योजनैर्मण्डलं हि तत्

ekaviṃśatibhiścaiva yojanairadhikairhi te| etatpramāṇamākhyātaṃ yojanairmaṇḍalaṃ hi tat

and with twenty-one yojanas in excess. This measure has been declared: that circle, in yojanas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.140

विष्कम्भो मण्डलस्यैष तिर्यक् स तु विधीयते। प्रत्यहञ्चरते तानि सूर्यो वै मण्डलक्रमम्

viṣkambho maṇḍalasyaiṣa tiryak sa tu vidhīyate| pratyahañcarate tāni sūryo vai maṇḍalakramam

This is the diameter of the circle; it is laid down as (measured) crosswise. Day by day the sun traverses those, in the sequence of the circles.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.141

कुलालचक्रपर्यन्तो यथा शीघ्रं निवर्त्तते। दक्षिणे प्रक्रमे सूर्यस्तथा शीघ्रं निवर्त्तते

kulālacakraparyanto yathā śīghraṃ nivarttate| dakṣiṇe prakrame sūryastathā śīghraṃ nivarttate

As the rim of a potter's wheel turns swiftly, so the sun, in its southern advance, turns swiftly.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.142

तस्मात् प्रकृष्टां भूमिञ्च कालेनाल्पेन गच्छति। सूर्यो द्वादशभिः शीघ्रं मुहूर्त्तेर्दक्षिणोत्तरे

tasmāt prakṛṣṭāṃ bhūmiñca kālenālpena gacchati| sūryo dvādaśabhiḥ śīghraṃ muhūrtterdakṣiṇottare

Therefore it passes over a great extent of ground in a little time; the sun swiftly, in twelve muhūrtas, (moves) in the south and the north.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.143

त्रयोदशार्द्धमृक्षाणामह्नानुचरते रविः। मुहूर्त्तैस्तावदृक्षाणि नक्तमष्टादशैश्चरन्

trayodaśārddhamṛkṣāṇāmahnānucarate raviḥ| muhūrttaistāvadṛkṣāṇi naktamaṣṭādaśaiścaran

The sun traverses thirteen and a half asterisms by day, and by night, moving for eighteen muhūrtas, just as many asterisms.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.144

कुलालचक्रमध्यस्तु यथा मन्दं प्रसर्पति। तथोदगयने सूर्यः सर्पते मन्दविक्रमः

kulālacakramadhyastu yathā mandaṃ prasarpati| tathodagayane sūryaḥ sarpate mandavikramaḥ

But as the middle of a potter's wheel creeps along slowly, so in the northern course the sun moves with slow pace.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.145

त्रयोदशार्द्धमर्द्धेन ऋक्षाणां चरते रविः। तस्माद्दीर्घेण कालेन भूमिमिल्पां निगच्छति

trayodaśārddhamarddhena ṛkṣāṇāṃ carate raviḥ| tasmāddīrgheṇa kālena bhūmimilpāṃ nigacchati

The sun travels thirteen and a half of the asterisms (in that time); therefore in a long time it covers but little ground.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.146

अष्टादशमुहूर्त्तैस्तु उत्तरायणपश्चिमम्। अहर्भवति तच्चापि चरते मन्दविक्रमः

aṣṭādaśamuhūrttaistu uttarāyaṇapaścimam| aharbhavati taccāpi carate mandavikramaḥ

But with eighteen muhūrtas the last (day) of the northern course becomes a day, and that too it traverses with slow pace.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.147

त्रयोदशार्द्धमर्धेन ऋक्षाणाञ्चरते रविः। मुहूर्त्तैस्तावदृक्षाणि नक्तमष्टादशैश्चरन्

trayodaśārddhamardhena ṛkṣāṇāñcarate raviḥ| muhūrttaistāvadṛkṣāṇi naktamaṣṭādaśaiścaran

The sun travels thirteen and a half of the asterisms; in just as many muhūrtas (by day), while traversing the asterisms by night in eighteen.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.148

ततो मन्दतरं ताभ्याञ्चक्रं भ्रमति वै यथा। मृत्पिण्ड इव मध्यस्थो ध्रुवो भ्रमति वै यथा

tato mandataraṃ tābhyāñcakraṃ bhramati vai yathā| mṛtpiṇḍa iva madhyastho dhruvo bhramati vai yathā

Then the wheel revolves more slowly than those two, as it were; like a lump of clay set at the centre, so indeed does Dhruva turn.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.149

त्रिंशन्मुहूर्त्ताने वाहुरहोरात्रं ध्रुवो भ्रमन् । उभयोः काष्ठयोर्मध्ये भ्रमते मण्डलानि सः

triṃśanmuhūrttāne vāhurahorātraṃ dhruvo bhraman | ubhayoḥ kāṣṭhayormadhye bhramate maṇḍalāni saḥ

They call it a day-and-night of thirty muhūrtas, (while) Dhruva turns; between both poles he revolves the circles.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.150

कुलालचक्रनाभिस्तु यथा तत्रैव वर्त्तते। ध्रुवस्तथा हि विज्ञेयस्तत्रैव परिवर्त्तते

kulālacakranābhistu yathā tatraiva varttate| dhruvastathā hi vijñeyastatraiva parivarttate

Just as the nave of a potter's wheel turns in that very place, so Dhruva is to be understood as revolving in that very place.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.151

उभयोः काष्ठयोर्मध्ये भ्रमतो मण्डलानि तु। दिवा नक्तञ्च सूर्यस्य मन्दा शीघ्रा च वै गतिः

ubhayoḥ kāṣṭhayormadhye bhramato maṇḍalāni tu| divā naktañca sūryasya mandā śīghrā ca vai gatiḥ

But as (the sun) revolves the circles between both poles, its motion by day and by night is slow and swift (respectively).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.152

उत्तरे प्रक्रमे त्विन्दो र्दिवा मन्दा गतिः स्मृता। तथैव च पुनर्नक्तं शीघ्रा सूर्यस्य वै गतिः

uttare prakrame tvindo rdivā mandā gatiḥ smṛtā| tathaiva ca punarnaktaṃ śīghrā sūryasya vai gatiḥ

In the northern course the motion of the moon by day is held to be slow; and just so, again, the motion of the sun by night is swift.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.153

दक्षिणे प्रक्रमे चैव दिवा शीघ्रं विधीयते । गतिः सूर्यस्य नक्तं वै मन्दा चापि तथा स्मृता

dakṣiṇe prakrame caiva divā śīghraṃ vidhīyate | gatiḥ sūryasya naktaṃ vai mandā cāpi tathā smṛtā

And in the southern course, by day it is laid down as swift—the sun's motion—while by night it is likewise held to be slow.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.154

एवं गतिविशेषेण विभजन् रात्र्यहानि तु। तथा विचरते मार्गं समेन विषमेण च

evaṃ gativiśeṣeṇa vibhajan rātryahāni tu| tathā vicarate mārgaṃ samena viṣameṇa ca

Thus, dividing nights and days by the difference of its motion, it traverses its path accordingly, both evenly and unevenly.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.155

लोकालोके स्थिता ये ते लोकपालाश्चतुर्दिशम्। अगस्त्यश्चरते तेषामुपरिष्टाज्जवेन तु । भजन्नसावहोरात्रमेवङ्गतिविशेषणैः

lokāloke sthitā ye te lokapālāścaturdiśam| agastyaścarate teṣāmupariṣṭājjavena tu | bhajannasāvahorātramevaṅgativiśeṣaṇaiḥ

Those who stand at Lokāloka are the world-guardians in the four directions; Agastya moves above them with speed, dividing day and night in this way by distinctions of motion.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.156

दक्षिणे नागवीथ्यायां लोकालोकस्य चोत्तरम्। लोकसन्तारको ह्येष वैश्वानरपथाद्बहिः

dakṣiṇe nāgavīthyāyāṃ lokālokasya cottaram| lokasantārako hyeṣa vaiśvānarapathādbahiḥ

In the southern Nāgavīthī and to the north of Lokāloka; for this one is the carrier-across of the world, outside the path of Vaiśvānara.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.157

पृष्ठे यावत् प्रभा सौही पुरस्तात् सम्प्रकाशते। पार्श्वयोः पृष्ठतस्तावल्लोकालोकस्य सर्वतः

pṛṣṭhe yāvat prabhā sauhī purastāt samprakāśate| pārśvayoḥ pṛṣṭhatastāvallokālokasya sarvataḥ

As far as the sun's light shines forth in front, so far (does it extend) at the two sides and behind, all around Lokāloka.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.158

योजनानां सहस्राणि दशोर्द्द्वन्तूच्छ्रितो गिरिः। प्रकाशश्चाप्रकाशश्च सर्वतः परिमण्डलः

yojanānāṃ sahasrāṇi daśorddvantūcchrito giriḥ| prakāśaścāprakāśaśca sarvataḥ parimaṇḍalaḥ

The mountain rises ten thousand yojanas and more; it is both lit and unlit, and circular on all sides.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.159

नक्षत्रचन्द्रसूर्याश्च ग्रहास्तारागणैः सह। अभ्यन्तरं प्रकाशन्ते लोकालोकस्य वै गिरेः

nakṣatracandrasūryāśca grahāstārāgaṇaiḥ saha| abhyantaraṃ prakāśante lokālokasya vai gireḥ

The lunar mansions, moon and sun, and the planets together with the hosts of stars, shine within the Lokāloka mountain.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.160

एतावानेव लोकस्तु निरालोकस्त्वतः परम्। लोकालोक एकधा तु निरालोकस्त्वनेकधा

etāvāneva lokastu nirālokastvataḥ param| lokāloka ekadhā tu nirālokastvanekadhā

Just this much is the world; beyond this is the lightless (region). Lokāloka is of one kind, but the lightless is of many kinds.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.161

लोकालोकन्तु सन्धत्ते यस्मात् सूर्यः परिग्रहम्। तस्मात्सन्ध्येति तामाहुरुषाव्युष्ट्योर्यदन्तरम् । उषा रात्रिः स्मृता विप्रैर्व्युष्टिश्चापि त्वहः स्मृतम्

lokālokantu sandhatte yasmāt sūryaḥ parigraham| tasmātsandhyeti tāmāhuruṣāvyuṣṭyoryadantaram | uṣā rātriḥ smṛtā viprairvyuṣṭiścāpi tvahaḥ smṛtam

Since the sun joins the lit and the unlit within its compass, therefore they call it sandhyā—that which lies between uṣā and vyuṣṭi; uṣā is held by the brahmins to be night, and vyuṣṭi is held to be day.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.162

सूर्यं हि ग्रसमानानां सन्ध्याकाले हि रक्षसाम्। प्रजापतिनियोगेन शापस्तेषां दुरात्मनाम् । अक्षयत्वञ्च देहस्य प्रापिता मरणं तथा

sūryaṃ hi grasamānānāṃ sandhyākāle hi rakṣasām| prajāpatiniyogena śāpasteṣāṃ durātmanām | akṣayatvañca dehasya prāpitā maraṇaṃ tathā

For the rākṣasas who devour the sun at the time of twilight, by the command of Prajāpati there was a curse upon those evil-souled ones: they were made to have both an imperishable body and death.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.163

तिस्रः कोट्यस्तु विख्याता मन्देहा नाम राक्षसाः। प्रार्थयन्ति सहस्रांशुमुदयन्ति दिने दिने। तापयन्तो दुरात्मानः सूर्यमिच्छन्ति खादितुम्

tisraḥ koṭyastu vikhyātā mandehā nāma rākṣasāḥ| prārthayanti sahasrāṃśumudayanti dine dine| tāpayanto durātmānaḥ sūryamicchanti khāditum

Three crores of well-known rākṣasas named Mandeha assail the thousand-rayed one as he rises day after day; scorching him, those evil-souled ones wish to devour the sun.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.164

अथ सूर्यस्य तेषाञ्च युद्धमासीत् सुदारुणम्। ततो ब्रह्मा च देवाश्च ब्राह्मणाश्चैव सत्तमाः। सन्ध्येति समुपासन्तः क्षेपयन्ति महाजलम्

atha sūryasya teṣāñca yuddhamāsīt sudāruṇam| tato brahmā ca devāśca brāhmaṇāścaiva sattamāḥ| sandhyeti samupāsantaḥ kṣepayanti mahājalam

Then there was a most terrible battle between the sun and them; thereupon Brahmā and the gods and the most excellent brahmins, worshipping with (the word) 'sandhyā', cast great water.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.165

ओङ्कारब्रह्मसंयुक्तं गायत्र्या चाभिमन्त्रितम्। तेन दह्यन्ति ते दैत्या वज्रभूतेन वारिणा

oṅkārabrahmasaṃyuktaṃ gāyatryā cābhimantritam| tena dahyanti te daityā vajrabhūtena vāriṇā

(That water is) joined with the syllable Om and Brahman, and consecrated with the Gāyatrī; by that water, become a thunderbolt, those Daityas are burnt.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.166

ततः पुनर्महातेजा महाद्युतिपराक्रमः. योजनानां सह स्राणि ऊर्द्ध्वमुत्तिष्ठते शतम्

tataḥ punarmahātejā mahādyutiparākramaḥ. yojanānāṃ saha srāṇi ūrddhvamuttiṣṭhate śatam

Then again he of great fiery power, of great splendour and might, rises upward a hundred thousand leagues.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.167

ततः प्रयाति भगवान् ब्राह्मणैः परिवारितः। वालखिल्यैश्च मुनिभिः कृतार्थैः समरीचिभिः

tataḥ prayāti bhagavān brāhmaṇaiḥ parivāritaḥ| vālakhilyaiśca munibhiḥ kṛtārthaiḥ samarīcibhiḥ

Then the Lord proceeds, surrounded by brahmins, and by the Vālakhilya sages who have accomplished their aims, together with the Marīcis.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.168

काष्ठा निमेषा दश पञ्च चैव त्रिंशच्च काष्ठा गणयेत् कलान्तम् । त्रिंशत् कलाश्चैव भवेन्मुहूर्त्तस्तैस्त्रिंशता रात्र्यहनी समेते

kāṣṭhā nimeṣā daśa pañca caiva triṃśacca kāṣṭhā gaṇayet kalāntam | triṃśat kalāścaiva bhavenmuhūrttastaistriṃśatā rātryahanī samete

Fifteen twinklings of the eye (are) a kāṣṭhā; one should reckon thirty kāṣṭhās as the measure of a kalā; and thirty kalās make a muhūrta; by thirty of those the night and day together (are formed).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.169

ह्रासवृद्धी त्वहर्भागैर्दिवसानां यथाक्रमम्। सन्ध्या मुहूर्तमानन्तु ह्रासे वृद्धौ समा स्मृता

hrāsavṛddhī tvaharbhāgairdivasānāṃ yathākramam| sandhyā muhūrtamānantu hrāse vṛddhau samā smṛtā

The decrease and increase (occur) by portions of the day, in order, of the days; but the measure of twilight is a muhūrta, held to be the same in decrease and in increase.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.170

लेखाप्रभृत्यथादित्ये त्रिमुहूर्त्तागते तु वै। प्रातस्तनः स्मृतः कालो भागस्त्वह्नः स पञ्चमः

lekhāprabhṛtyathāditye trimuhūrttāgate tu vai| prātastanaḥ smṛtaḥ kālo bhāgastvahnaḥ sa pañcamaḥ

From the first streak (of dawn) onward, when the sun has gone three muhūrtas, that time is called morning; it is the fifth part of the day.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.171

तस्मात् प्रातस्तनात्कालात् त्रिमुहूर्त्तस्तु सङ्गवः। मध्याह्नस्त्रिमुहूर्त्तस्तु तस्मात्कालाच्च सङ्गवात्

tasmāt prātastanātkālāt trimuhūrttastu saṅgavaḥ| madhyāhnastrimuhūrttastu tasmātkālācca saṅgavāt

From that morning time, three muhūrtas (make) the saṅgava; and from that time of saṅgava, midday is three muhūrtas.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.172

तस्मान्मध्यन्दिनात् कालादपराह्न इति स्मृतः । त्रय एव मुहूर्त्तास्तु तस्मात् कालाच्च मध्यमात्

tasmānmadhyandināt kālādaparāhna iti smṛtaḥ | traya eva muhūrttāstu tasmāt kālācca madhyamāt

From that midday time it is called the afternoon; just three muhūrtas from that middle time.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.173

अपराह्ने व्यतीपाते काल- सायाह्न उच्यते। दशपञ्चमुहूर्त्ताद्वै मुहूर्त्तास्त्रय एव च

aparāhne vyatīpāte kāla- sāyāhna ucyate| daśapañcamuhūrttādvai muhūrttāstraya eva ca

When the afternoon has passed away, the time is called evening; from the fifteen muhūrtas, just three muhūrtas (each).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.174

दशपञ्चमुहूर्त्तं वै अहर्विषुवति स्मृतम्। दशपञ्चमुहूर्त्ताद्वै रात्रिन्दिवमिति स्मृतम्

daśapañcamuhūrttaṃ vai aharviṣuvati smṛtam| daśapañcamuhūrttādvai rātrindivamiti smṛtam

At the equinox the day is held to be fifteen muhūrtas; from the fifteen muhūrtas (of each) the night-and-day is thus reckoned.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.175

वर्ध्धते ह्रसते चैव अयने दक्षिणोत्तरे। अहस्तु ग्रसते रात्रिं रात्रिस्तु ग्रसते त्वहः

vardhdhate hrasate caiva ayane dakṣiṇottare| ahastu grasate rātriṃ rātristu grasate tvahaḥ

It increases and decreases in the southern and northern courses (of the sun); the day devours the night, and the night devours the day.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.176

शरद्वसन्तयोर्मध्ये विषुवन्तद्विभाव्यते। अहोरात्रं कलाश्चैव सप्त सोमः समश्रुते

śaradvasantayormadhye viṣuvantadvibhāvyate| ahorātraṃ kalāścaiva sapta somaḥ samaśrute

In the middle of autumn and spring the equinox is made manifest; the day and night, and the kalās—seven—the moon attains equally.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.177

तथा पञ्चदशाहानि पक्ष इत्याभिधीयते। द्वौ पक्षौ च भवेन्मासो द्वौ मासावन्तरावृतुः। ऋतुत्रयमयनं स्याद्द्वैऽयने वर्षमुच्यते

tathā pañcadaśāhāni pakṣa ityābhidhīyate| dvau pakṣau ca bhavenmāso dvau māsāvantarāvṛtuḥ| ṛtutrayamayanaṃ syāddvai'yane varṣamucyate

Likewise fifteen days are called a fortnight; two fortnights make a month, and two months a season; three seasons would be a half-year's course, and by two such courses a year is spoken of.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.178

निमेषादिकृतः कालः काष्ठाया दश पञ्च च। कलायास्त्रिंशतः काष्ठा मात्राघीतिद्वयात्मिका

nimeṣādikṛtaḥ kālaḥ kāṣṭhāyā daśa pañca ca| kalāyāstriṃśataḥ kāṣṭhā mātrāghītidvayātmikā

Time is made from the nimeṣa onwards: fifteen (nimeṣas make) a kāṣṭhā; thirty kāṣṭhās (make) a kalā; the mātrā consists of two ghaṭīs (?).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.179

शतघ्नैकोनकास्त्रिंशन्मात्रात्रिशत् षडुत्तरा। द्विषष्टिभाक् त्रयोविंशन्मात्रायाञ्च चला भवेत्

śataghnaikonakāstriṃśanmātrātriśat ṣaḍuttarā| dviṣaṣṭibhāk trayoviṃśanmātrāyāñca calā bhavet

Twenty-nine multiplied by a hundred; the mātrās, thirty-six; and taking a sixty-second part, twenty-three, the moving (portion) would be in the mātrā.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.180

चत्वारिंशत्सहस्राणि शतान्यष्टौ च विद्युतिः। सप्ततिञ्चापि तत्रैव नवतिं विद्धि निस्वये

catvāriṃśatsahasrāṇi śatānyaṣṭau ca vidyutiḥ| saptatiñcāpi tatraiva navatiṃ viddhi nisvaye

Forty thousand and eight hundred are the flashes; and know there too seventy, and ninety in the descent (?).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.181

चत्वार्येव शतान्याहुर्विद्युतौ वैधसंयुगे। चरांशो ह्येष विज्ञेयो नालिका चात्र कारणम्

catvāryeva śatānyāhurvidyutau vaidhasaṃyuge| carāṃśo hyeṣa vijñeyo nālikā cātra kāraṇam

They say (there are) just four hundred in the conjunction of the flash (with its rule); this is to be known as the portion of motion, and the water-clock is the means here.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.182

संवत्सरादयः पञ्च चतुर्मानविकल्पिताः। निश्चयः सर्वकालस्य युग इत्यभिधीयते

saṃvatsarādayaḥ pañca caturmānavikalpitāḥ| niścayaḥ sarvakālasya yuga ityabhidhīyate

The five (years) beginning with saṃvatsara, distinguished by four measures (of time), constitute the fixing of all time; it is called a yuga (cycle).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.183

संवत्सरस्तु प्रथमो द्वितीयः परिवत्सरः। इद्वत्सरस्तृतीयस्तु चतुर्थश्चानुवत्सरः। पञ्चमो वत्सरस्तेषां कालस्तु परिसंज्ञितः

saṃvatsarastu prathamo dvitīyaḥ parivatsaraḥ| idvatsarastṛtīyastu caturthaścānuvatsaraḥ| pañcamo vatsarasteṣāṃ kālastu parisaṃjñitaḥ

The first is Saṃvatsara, the second Parivatsara, the third Idvatsara, the fourth Anuvatsara; the fifth of them is Vatsara, and (the whole) is designated Time.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.184

विंशशतं भवेत्पूर्णं पर्वणां तु रवेर्युगम्। एतान्यष्टादशस्त्रिंशदुदयो भास्करस्य च

viṃśaśataṃ bhavetpūrṇaṃ parvaṇāṃ tu raveryugam| etānyaṣṭādaśastriṃśadudayo bhāskarasya ca

The sun's cycle would be a full hundred and twenty parvans (half-months); these are eighteen hundred and thirty risings of the sun (?).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.185

ऋतवस्त्रिंशतः सौरा अयनानि दशैव तु। पञ्चत्रिंशत् शतं चापि षष्टिर्मासाश्च भास्करः

ṛtavastriṃśataḥ saurā ayanāni daśaiva tu| pañcatriṃśat śataṃ cāpi ṣaṣṭirmāsāśca bhāskaraḥ

Thirty are the solar seasons, and just ten the half-year courses (ayanas); and a hundred and thirty-five, and sixty months, are the sun.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.186

त्रिंशदेव त्वहोरात्रं स तु मासश्च भास्करः। एकषष्टिस्त्वहोरात्रा दनुरेको निभाव्यते

triṃśadeva tvahorātraṃ sa tu māsaśca bhāskaraḥ| ekaṣaṣṭistvahorātrā danureko nibhāvyate

Thirty day-and-nights is that month, the 'bhāskara'; and sixty-one day-and-nights are reckoned as one 'dhanus' (bow).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.187

अह्नान्तु त्र्यधिकाशीतिः शतं चाप्यधिकं भवेत्। मानं तच्चित्रभानोस्तु विज्ञेयं भुवनस्य तु

ahnāntu tryadhikāśītiḥ śataṃ cāpyadhikaṃ bhavet| mānaṃ taccitrabhānostu vijñeyaṃ bhuvanasya tu

Of days there would be a hundred and eighty-three; that is to be known as the measure of Citrabhānu (the sun) with respect to the world.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.188

सौरसौम्यं तु विज्ञेयं नक्षत्रं सावनं तथा। नामान्येतानि चत्वारि यैः पुराणं विभाव्यते

saurasaumyaṃ tu vijñeyaṃ nakṣatraṃ sāvanaṃ tathā| nāmānyetāni catvāri yaiḥ purāṇaṃ vibhāvyate

The solar, the lunar, the stellar (nakṣatra), and likewise the civil (sāvana) are to be known: these are the four names by which the ancient (reckoning) is set forth.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.189

खे तस्योत्तरतश्चैव श्रृङ्गवान्नाम पर्वतः। त्रीणि तस्य तु श्रृङ्गाणि स्पृशन्तीव नभस्तलम्

khe tasyottarataścaiva śrṛṅgavānnāma parvataḥ| trīṇi tasya tu śrṛṅgāṇi spṛśantīva nabhastalam

And in the sky to the north of it is the mountain named Śṛṅgavān; it has three peaks that seem to touch the vault of heaven.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.190

तैश्चापि श्रृङ्गवान्नाम सर्वतश्चैव विश्रुतः। एकमार्गश्च विस्तारो विष्कम्भश्चापि कीर्तितः

taiścāpi śrṛṅgavānnāma sarvataścaiva viśrutaḥ| ekamārgaśca vistāro viṣkambhaścāpi kīrtitaḥ

By these too it is famed everywhere by the name Śṛṅgavān; its breadth is one course (ekamārga), and its diameter also has been declared.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.191

तस्य वै सर्वतः श्रृङ्गं मध्यमन्तद्धिरण्मयम्। दक्षिणं राजतञ्चैव श्रृङ्गं तु स्फटिकप्रभम्

tasya vai sarvataḥ śrṛṅgaṃ madhyamantaddhiraṇmayam| dakṣiṇaṃ rājatañcaiva śrṛṅgaṃ tu sphaṭikaprabham

Of it, on all sides, (there is) a peak: the middle one is made of gold, the southern one of silver, and the (third) peak shines like crystal.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.192

सर्वरत्नमयं चैकं श्रृङ्गमुत्तरमुत्तमम्। एवं कूटैस्रिभिः शैलैः श्रृङ्गवानिति विश्रुतः

sarvaratnamayaṃ caikaṃ śrṛṅgamuttaramuttamam| evaṃ kūṭaisribhiḥ śailaiḥ śrṛṅgavāniti viśrutaḥ

And one peak, the northern and highest, is made of all jewels; thus, with its three summits of rock, it is known as Śṛṅgavān.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.193

यत्तद्विषुवतं श्रृङ्गन्तदर्कः प्रतिपद्यते। शरद्वसन्तयोर्मध्ये मध्यमां गतिमास्थितः। अहस्तुल्यामथो रात्रिं करोति तिमिरापहः

yattadviṣuvataṃ śrṛṅgantadarkaḥ pratipadyate| śaradvasantayormadhye madhyamāṃ gatimāsthitaḥ| ahastulyāmatho rātriṃ karoti timirāpahaḥ

That peak which is the equinoctial one, the sun reaches; standing in its middle course between autumn and spring, the dispeller of darkness makes the night equal to the day.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.194

हरिताश्च हया दिव्यास्ते नियुक्ता महारथे। अनुलिप्ता इवाभान्ति पझरक्तैर्गभस्तिभिः

haritāśca hayā divyāste niyuktā mahārathe| anuliptā ivābhānti pajharaktairgabhastibhiḥ

And those divine green horses yoked to the great chariot appear as if smeared with rays red as (lac?).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.195

मेषान्ते च तुलान्ते च भास्करोदयतः स्मृताः । मुहूर्त्ता दश पञ्चैव अहोरात्रिश्च तावती

meṣānte ca tulānte ca bhāskarodayataḥ smṛtāḥ | muhūrttā daśa pañcaiva ahorātriśca tāvatī

At the end of Aries and at the end of Libra, fifteen muhūrtas are reckoned from the sun's rising, and the night is of the same length.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.196

कृत्तिकानां यदा सूर्यः प्रथमांशगतो भवेत् । विशाखानां तथा ज्ञेयश्चतुर्थांशे निशाकरः

kṛttikānāṃ yadā sūryaḥ prathamāṃśagato bhavet | viśākhānāṃ tathā jñeyaścaturthāṃśe niśākaraḥ

When the sun stands in the first portion of the Kṛttikās, then the moon is to be known as in the fourth portion of the Viśākhās.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.197

विशाखायां यदा सूर्य श्च्रतेंऽशं तृतीयकम्। तदा चन्द्रं विजानीयात् कृत्तिकाशिरसि स्थितम्

viśākhāyāṃ yadā sūrya ścrateṃ'śaṃ tṛtīyakam| tadā candraṃ vijānīyāt kṛttikāśirasi sthitam

When the sun (has entered) the third portion in Viśākhā, then one should know the moon to stand at the head of the Kṛttikās.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.198

विषुवन्तं तदा विद्यादेवमाहुर्महर्षयः। सूर्येण विषुवं विद्यात् कालं सोमेन लक्षयेत्

viṣuvantaṃ tadā vidyādevamāhurmaharṣayaḥ| sūryeṇa viṣuvaṃ vidyāt kālaṃ somena lakṣayet

Then one should know it to be the equinox — so the great sages have said; by the sun one should know the equinox, and by the moon one should mark the time.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.199

समा रात्रिरहश्चैव यदा तद्विषुवद्भवेत्। तदा दानानि देयानि पितृभ्यो विषुवत्यपि। ब्राह्मणेभ्यो विशेषेण मुखमेतत्तु दैवतम्

samā rātrirahaścaiva yadā tadviṣuvadbhavet| tadā dānāni deyāni pitṛbhyo viṣuvatyapi| brāhmaṇebhyo viśeṣeṇa mukhametattu daivatam

When night and day are equal, that is the equinox; then gifts are to be given to the fathers at the equinox, and especially to brahmins, for this is the mouth of the gods.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.200

ऊनरात्राधिमासौ च कलाकाष्ठामुहूर्त्तकाः। पौर्णमासी तथा ज्ञेया अमावास्या तथैव च। सिनीवाली कुहूश्चैव राका चानुमति स्तथा

ūnarātrādhimāsau ca kalākāṣṭhāmuhūrttakāḥ| paurṇamāsī tathā jñeyā amāvāsyā tathaiva ca| sinīvālī kuhūścaiva rākā cānumati stathā

The omitted day and the intercalary month, and the kalās, kāṣṭhās and muhūrtas; the full-moon day is likewise to be known, and the new-moon day as well; and Sinīvālī, Kuhū, Rākā and Anumati.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.201

तपस्तपस्यौ मधुमाधवौ च शुक्रः शुचिश्चायनमुत्तरं स्यात्। नभो नभश्योऽथ इषुः सहोर्जः सहःसहस्याविति दक्षिणं स्यात्

tapastapasyau madhumādhavau ca śukraḥ śuciścāyanamuttaraṃ syāt| nabho nabhaśyo'tha iṣuḥ sahorjaḥ sahaḥsahasyāviti dakṣiṇaṃ syāt

Tapas and Tapasya, Madhu and Mādhava, Śukra and Śuci — that would be the northern course; Nabhas and Nabhasya, then Iṣa with Ūrja, and Sahas and Sahasya — that would be the southern.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.202

संवत्सरास्ततो ज्ञेयाः पञ्चाब्दा ब्रब्मणः सुताः। तस्मात्तु ऋतवो ज्ञेया ऋतवो ह्यन्तराः स्मृताः

saṃvatsarāstato jñeyāḥ pañcābdā brabmaṇaḥ sutāḥ| tasmāttu ṛtavo jñeyā ṛtavo hyantarāḥ smṛtāḥ

Thence the years are to be known, the five years, sons of Brahmā; and from that the seasons are to be known, for the seasons are held to be the intervals.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.203

तस्मादनुमुखा ज्ञेया अमावास्यास्य पर्वणः. तस्मात्तु विषुवं ज्ञेयं पितृदैवहितं सदा

tasmādanumukhā jñeyā amāvāsyāsya parvaṇaḥ. tasmāttu viṣuvaṃ jñeyaṃ pitṛdaivahitaṃ sadā

Therefore the new-moon days of this lunar period are to be known as following (the sun's) face; and therefore the equinox is to be known as ever conducive to the fathers and the gods.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.204

एवं ज्ञात्वा न मुह्येत दैवे पित्र्ये च मानवः। तस्मात् स्मृतं प्रजानां वै विषुवत्सर्वगं सदा

evaṃ jñātvā na muhyeta daive pitrye ca mānavaḥ| tasmāt smṛtaṃ prajānāṃ vai viṣuvatsarvagaṃ sadā

Knowing thus, a man is not confused in the rites for the gods and for the fathers; therefore the equinox is held to be always available to all creatures.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.205

आलोकान्तः स्मृतो लोको लोकान्तो लोक उच्यते। लोकपालाः स्थितास्तत्र लोकालोकस्य मध्यतः

ālokāntaḥ smṛto loko lokānto loka ucyate| lokapālāḥ sthitāstatra lokālokasya madhyataḥ

The world is held to end where the light ends, and the end of the world is called "loka"; there the world-guardians are stationed, in the middle of Lokāloka.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.206

चत्वारस्ते महात्मानस्तिष्ठन्त्याभूतसम्प्लवात्। सुधामा चैव वैराजः कर्द्दमः शङ्कृपस्तथा। हिरण्यलोमा पर्ज्जन्यः केतुमान् जातनिश्चयः

catvāraste mahātmānastiṣṭhantyābhūtasamplavāt| sudhāmā caiva vairājaḥ karddamaḥ śaṅkṛpastathā| hiraṇyalomā parjjanyaḥ ketumān jātaniścayaḥ

Those four great-souled ones stand until the dissolution of beings: Sudhāman, and Vairāja, Kardama, and likewise Śaṅkṛpa; Hiraṇyaloman, Parjanya, Ketumān, Jātaniścaya.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.207

निर्द्वन्द्वा निरभीमाना निस्तन्त्रा निष्परिग्रहाः। लोकपालाः स्थिता ह्येते लोकालोके चतुर्दिशम्

nirdvandvā nirabhīmānā nistantrā niṣparigrahāḥ| lokapālāḥ sthitā hyete lokāloke caturdiśam

Free of the pairs (of opposites), without pride, without contrivance, without possessions—these world-guardians stand in Lokāloka, in the four directions.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.208

उत्तरं यदगस्त्यस्य अजवीथ्याश्च दक्षिणम्। पितृयाणः स वै पन्था वैश्वानरपथाद्बहिः

uttaraṃ yadagastyasya ajavīthyāśca dakṣiṇam| pitṛyāṇaḥ sa vai panthā vaiśvānarapathādbahiḥ

That which is north of Agastya and south of the Goat's Path—that is the path of the fathers, outside the path of Vaiśvānara.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.209

तत्रासते प्रजावन्तो मुनयो ह्यग्निहोत्रिणः । लोकस्य सन्तानकराः पितृयाणे पथि स्थिताः

tatrāsate prajāvanto munayo hyagnihotriṇaḥ | lokasya santānakarāḥ pitṛyāṇe pathi sthitāḥ

There dwell the sages who have offspring and who maintain the fire-offering, the continuers of the world's lineage, stationed on the path of the fathers.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.210

भूतारम्भ कृतं कर्म आशिषा ऋत्विगुच्यते । प्रारभन्ते लोककामास्तेषां पन्थाः स दक्षिणः

bhūtārambha kṛtaṃ karma āśiṣā ṛtvigucyate | prārabhante lokakāmāsteṣāṃ panthāḥ sa dakṣiṇaḥ

The rite performed for the origination of beings—by (its) benediction one is called a ṛtvij; those who desire (higher) worlds undertake (it); theirs is that southern path.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.211

चलितन्ते पुनर्द्धर्मं स्थापयन्ति युगे युगे। सन्तत्या तपसा चैव मर्यादाभिः श्रुतेन च

calitante punarddharmaṃ sthāpayanti yuge yuge| santatyā tapasā caiva maryādābhiḥ śrutena ca

When it has slipped, they establish the law again in age after age—by progeny, by austerity, by boundaries (of conduct), and by sacred learning.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.212

जायमानास्तु पूर्वे वै पश्चिमानां गृहेषु च। पश्चिमाश्चैव जायन्ते पूर्वेषां निधनेष्वपि। एव मावर्त्तमानास्ते तिष्ठन्त्याभूतसम्प्लवात्

jāyamānāstu pūrve vai paścimānāṃ gṛheṣu ca| paścimāścaiva jāyante pūrveṣāṃ nidhaneṣvapi| eva māvarttamānāste tiṣṭhantyābhūtasamplavāt

The earlier ones are born in the houses of the later ones, and the later ones are born at the deaths of the earlier; thus revolving they stand until the dissolution of beings.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.213

अष्टाशीतिसहस्राणि मुनीनां गृहमेधिनाम्। सवितुर्द्दक्षिणं मार्गं श्रिता ह्याचन्द्रतारकम्। क्रियावतां प्रसङ्ख्येया ये श्मशानानि भेजिरे

aṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi munīnāṃ gṛhamedhinām| saviturddakṣiṇaṃ mārgaṃ śritā hyācandratārakam| kriyāvatāṃ prasaṅkhyeyā ye śmaśānāni bhejire

Eighty-eight thousand householder sages have taken to the southern path of the sun for as long as moon and stars endure; they are to be reckoned among the performers of rites—those who resorted to the cremation grounds.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.214

लोकशंव्यवहारेण भूतारम्भकृतेन च। इच्छाद्वेषप्रकृत्या च मैथुनोपगमेन च

lokaśaṃvyavahāreṇa bhūtārambhakṛtena ca| icchādveṣaprakṛtyā ca maithunopagamena ca

Through dealings with the world, through what is done for the origination of beings, through a nature of desire and aversion, and through resort to sexual union,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.215

तथा कायकृतेनेह सेवनाद्विषयस्य च। एतैस्तैः कारणैः सिद्धाः श्मशानानि हि भेजिरे। प्रजैषिणस्ते मुनयो द्वापरेष्विह जज्ञिरे

tathā kāyakṛteneha sevanādviṣayasya ca| etaistaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ siddhāḥ śmaśānāni hi bhejire| prajaiṣiṇaste munayo dvāpareṣviha jajñire

and likewise through what is done with the body here, and through the enjoyment of sense-objects—by these several causes the perfected ones resorted to the cremation grounds; those sages, desiring offspring, were born here in the Dvāpara ages.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.216

नागवीथ्युत्तरे यच्च सप्तर्षिभ्यश्च दक्षिणम् । उत्तरः सवितुः पन्था देवयानस्तु स स्मृतः

nāgavīthyuttare yacca saptarṣibhyaśca dakṣiṇam | uttaraḥ savituḥ panthā devayānastu sa smṛtaḥ

And that which is north of the Serpent's Path and south of the Seven Sages—the northern path of the sun—that is held to be the way of the gods.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.217

यत्र ते वासिनः सिद्धा विमला ब्रह्मचारिणः। सततन्ते जुगुप्सन्ते तस्मान्मृत्युर्ज्जितस्तु तैः

yatra te vāsinaḥ siddhā vimalā brahmacāriṇaḥ| satatante jugupsante tasmānmṛtyurjjitastu taiḥ

Where dwell those perfected ones, stainless, practising chastity; they are constantly on guard, and therefore death is conquered by them.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.218

अष्टाशीतिसहस्राणि तेषामप्यूर्द्ध्वरेतसाम्। उदकूपन्थानमर्यम्णः श्रिता ह्याभूतसम्प्लवात्

aṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi teṣāmapyūrddhvaretasām| udakūpanthānamaryamṇaḥ śritā hyābhūtasamplavāt

Eighty-eight thousand of them too, upward-flowing in seed, have taken to the northern path of Aryaman until the dissolution of beings.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.219

इत्येतैः कारणैः शुद्धैस्तेऽ म़तत्वं हि भेजिरे। आभूतसम्प्लवस्थानममृतत्वं विभाव्यते

ityetaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ śuddhaiste' ma़tatvaṃ hi bhejire| ābhūtasamplavasthānamamṛtatvaṃ vibhāvyate

Thus, by these pure causes, they attained deathlessness; abiding until the dissolution of beings is what is reckoned as deathlessness.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.220

त्रैलोक्यस्थितिकालोऽयमपुनर्मार्गगामिनः। ब्रह्महत्याश्वमेधाभ्यां पुण्यापापकृतोऽपरम्। आभूतसम्प्लवान्ते तु क्षीयन्ते ह्यूर्द्ध्वरेतसः

trailokyasthitikālo'yamapunarmārgagāminaḥ| brahmahatyāśvamedhābhyāṃ puṇyāpāpakṛto'param| ābhūtasamplavānte tu kṣīyante hyūrddhvaretasaḥ

This is the duration-time of the three worlds for one who goes by the path of no return; by brahmin-slaying and by the horse-sacrifice, the other (comes) to the doer of merit and demerit; but at the end of the dissolution of beings even the upward-flowing-in-seed ones perish.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

VaP 1 50.221

ऊर्द्ध्वोत्तरमृषिभ्यस्तु ध्रुवो यत्रास्ति वै स्मृतम्। एतद्विष्णुपदं दिव्यं तृतीयं व्योम्नि भास्वरम्

ūrddhvottaramṛṣibhyastu dhruvo yatrāsti vai smṛtam| etadviṣṇupadaṃ divyaṃ tṛtīyaṃ vyomni bhāsvaram

Higher and further north than the sages is where Dhruva is said to be; this is the divine third station of Viṣṇu, shining in the sky.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

VaP 1 50.222

तत्र गत्वा न शोचन्ति तद्विष्णोः परमं पदम्। धर्मध्रुवाद्यास्तिष्ठन्ति यत्र ते लोकसाधकाः

tatra gatvā na śocanti tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam| dharmadhruvādyāstiṣṭhanti yatra te lokasādhakāḥ

Having gone there they do not grieve—that is the highest station of Viṣṇu, where those world-establishers, Dharma, Dhruva and the rest, abide.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition