Shiva Purana — Uma Samhita — Chapter 21
SiP 5 21.1
।। व्यास उवाच ।। ब्राह्मणत्वं हि दुष्प्राप्यं निसर्गाद्ब्राह्मणो भवेत् ।। ईश्वरस्य मुखात्क्षत्रं बाहुभ्यामूरुतो विशः
|| vyāsa uvāca || brāhmaṇatvaṃ hi duṣprāpyaṃ nisargādbrāhmaṇo bhavet || īśvarasya mukhātkṣatraṃ bāhubhyāmūruto viśaḥ
Vyāsa said: Brahminhood is indeed hard to attain; by (his very) nature one becomes a brahmin. From the Lord's mouth (came) the kṣatra, from his arms, from his thighs the vaiśyas—
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.2
पद्भ्यां शूद्रस्समुत्पन्न इति तस्य मुखाच्छ्रुतिः ।। किमु स्थितिमधःस्थानादाप्नुवन्ति ह्यतो वद
padbhyāṃ śūdrassamutpanna iti tasya mukhācchrutiḥ || kimu sthitimadhaḥsthānādāpnuvanti hyato vada
"From the feet the śūdra arose"—that is the Vedic word from his mouth. How then do they attain a (higher) station from a lower station? Tell (me) this.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.3
सनत्कुमार उवाच ।। दुष्कृतेन तु कालेय स्थानाद्भ्रश्यन्ति मानवाः ।। श्रेष्ठं स्थानं समासाद्य तस्माद्रक्षेत पण्डितः
sanatkumāra uvāca || duṣkṛtena tu kāleya sthānādbhraśyanti mānavāḥ || śreṣṭhaṃ sthānaṃ samāsādya tasmādrakṣeta paṇḍitaḥ
Sanatkumāra said: But by evil deeds, O Kāleya, men fall from their station; therefore, having reached the highest station, the wise man should guard (it).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.4
यस्तु विप्रत्वमुत्सृज्य क्षत्रयोन्यां प्रसूयते ।। ब्राह्मण्यात्स परिभ्रष्टः क्षत्रियत्वं निषेवते
yastu vipratvamutsṛjya kṣatrayonyāṃ prasūyate || brāhmaṇyātsa paribhraṣṭaḥ kṣatriyatvaṃ niṣevate
But he who abandons brahminhood and is born in a kṣatriya womb—he, fallen from brahminhood, resorts to the state of a kṣatriya.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.5
अधर्मसेवनान्मूढस्तथैव परिवर्तते ।। जन्मान्तरसहस्राणि तमस्याविशते यतः कुरुते कामयानस्तु शूद्रोऽपि वैश्यतां व्रजेत् ।। यो योजयेद्धनैर्वैश्यो जुह्वानश्च यथाविधि सनत्कुमार उवाच ।। अग्निष्टोमादिभिर्यज्ञैरिष्ट्वा विपुलदक्षिणैः ।। न तत्फलमवाप्नोति संग्रामे यदवाप्नुयात् यः कश्चिद्ब्राह्मणं हत्वा पश्चात्प्राणान्परित्यजेत् ।। तत्रासौ स्वपतेर्युद्धे स स्वर्गान्न निवर्तते
adharmasevanānmūḍhastathaiva parivartate || janmāntarasahasrāṇi tamasyāviśate yataḥ kurute kāmayānastu śūdro'pi vaiśyatāṃ vrajet || yo yojayeddhanairvaiśyo juhvānaśca yathāvidhi sanatkumāra uvāca || agniṣṭomādibhiryajñairiṣṭvā vipuladakṣiṇaiḥ || na tatphalamavāpnoti saṃgrāme yadavāpnuyāt yaḥ kaścidbrāhmaṇaṃ hatvā paścātprāṇānparityajet || tatrāsau svapateryuddhe sa svargānna nivartate
Through the practice of unrighteousness the deluded man revolves in just that way, since he enters into darkness for thousands of other births. But a śūdra too, if he desires (it), may go to the state of a vaiśya: (namely) the vaiśya who employs (his) wealth (in gifts) and offers oblations according to rule. Sanatkumāra said: Having sacrificed with the Agniṣṭoma and other sacrifices with abundant fees, one does not obtain that fruit which one would obtain in battle. Whoever, having killed a brahmin, thereafter gives up his life—if he there falls in battle, he does not return from heaven.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.6
तस्मात्प्राप्य परं स्थानं प्रमाद्यन्न तु नाशयेत् ।। स्वस्थानं सर्वदा रक्षेत्प्राप्यापि विपदो नरः
tasmātprāpya paraṃ sthānaṃ pramādyanna tu nāśayet || svasthānaṃ sarvadā rakṣetprāpyāpi vipado naraḥ
Therefore, having attained the highest station, one should not through negligence destroy (it); a man should always guard his own station, even if he meets with misfortunes.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.7
ब्राह्मणत्वं शुभं प्राप्य ब्राह्मण्यं योऽवमन्यते ।। भोज्याभोज्यं न जानाति स पुमान्क्षत्रियो भवेत्
brāhmaṇatvaṃ śubhaṃ prāpya brāhmaṇyaṃ yo'vamanyate || bhojyābhojyaṃ na jānāti sa pumānkṣatriyo bhavet
He who, having attained the good state of a brahmin, despises brahminhood and does not know what may and may not be eaten—that man becomes a kṣatriya.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.8
कर्मणा येन मेधावी शूद्रो वैश्यो हि जायते ।। तत्ते वक्ष्यामि निखिलं येन वर्णोत्तमो भवेत्
karmaṇā yena medhāvī śūdro vaiśyo hi jāyate || tatte vakṣyāmi nikhilaṃ yena varṇottamo bhavet
By what action an intelligent śūdra is indeed born a vaiśya, that I shall tell you in full, by which one becomes highest of the classes.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.9
शूद्रकर्म यथोद्दिष्टं शूद्रो भूत्वा समाचरेत् ।। यथावत्परिचर्य्यां तु त्रिषु वर्णेषु नित्यदा
śūdrakarma yathoddiṣṭaṃ śūdro bhūtvā samācaret || yathāvatparicaryyāṃ tu triṣu varṇeṣu nityadā
Having become a śūdra, he should perform the śūdra's duty as prescribed, and always duly (render) service to the three (higher) classes.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.11
अग्निहोत्रमुपादाय शेषान्न कृतभोजनः ।। स वैश्यः क्षत्रियकुले जायते नात्र संशयः
agnihotramupādāya śeṣānna kṛtabhojanaḥ || sa vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyakule jāyate nātra saṃśayaḥ
Taking up the Agnihotra, eating the food that remains—that vaiśya is born in a kṣatriya family; there is no doubt of this.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.12
क्षत्त्रियो जायते यज्ञैसंस्कृतैरात्तदक्षिणैः ।। अधीते स्वर्गमन्विच्छंस्त्रेताग्निशरणं सदा
kṣattriyo jāyate yajñaisaṃskṛtairāttadakṣiṇaiḥ || adhīte svargamanvicchaṃstretāgniśaraṇaṃ sadā
He is born a kṣatriya by sacrifices properly performed with fees received; seeking heaven, he studies (the Veda), always taking refuge in the three fires.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.13
आर्द्रहस्तपदो नित्यं क्षितिं धर्मेण पालयेत् ।। ऋतुकालाभिगामी च स्वभार्य्याधर्मतत्परः
ārdrahastapado nityaṃ kṣitiṃ dharmeṇa pālayet || ṛtukālābhigāmī ca svabhāryyādharmatatparaḥ
With ever moist hand and foot, he should protect the earth with righteousness; going to (his wife) at her fertile season, devoted to duty toward his own wife;
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.14
सर्वातिथ्यं त्रिवर्गस्य भूतेभ्यो दीयतामिति ।। गोब्राह्मणात्मनोऽर्थं हि संग्रामाभिहतो भवेत्
sarvātithyaṃ trivargasya bhūtebhyo dīyatāmiti || gobrāhmaṇātmano'rthaṃ hi saṃgrāmābhihato bhavet
(saying) "Let full hospitality to the three classes be given to (all) beings"; and for the sake of cows, brahmins, and himself he should be struck down in battle.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.15
तेनाग्निमन्त्रपूतात्मा क्षत्त्रियो ब्राह्मणो भवेत् ।। विधितो ब्राह्मणो भूत्वा याजकस्तु प्रजायते
tenāgnimantrapūtātmā kṣattriyo brāhmaṇo bhavet || vidhito brāhmaṇo bhūtvā yājakastu prajāyate
By that, his self purified by the fire and the mantras, the kṣatriya becomes a brahmin; having become a brahmin by rule, he is then born as a sacrificer (priest).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.16
स्वकर्मनिरतो नित्यं सत्यवादी जितेन्द्रियः।। प्राप्यते विपुलस्स्वर्गो देवानामपि वल्लभः
svakarmanirato nityaṃ satyavādī jitendriyaḥ|| prāpyate vipulassvargo devānāmapi vallabhaḥ
Ever intent on his own duty, truthful, with senses subdued, he attains ample heaven, dear even to the gods.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.17
ब्रह्मणत्वं हि दुष्प्राप्यं कृच्छ्रेण साध्यते नरैः ।। ब्राह्मण्यात्सकलं प्राप्य मोक्षश्चापि मुनीश्वर
brahmaṇatvaṃ hi duṣprāpyaṃ kṛcchreṇa sādhyate naraiḥ || brāhmaṇyātsakalaṃ prāpya mokṣaścāpi munīśvara
For brahmin-hood is hard to attain; men accomplish it only with difficulty. From brahmin-hood one obtains everything, and liberation too, O lord of sages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.18
तस्मात्सर्वप्रयत्नेन ब्राह्मणो धर्मतत्परः ।। साधनं सर्ववर्गस्य रक्षेद्ब्राह्मण्यमुत्तमम्
tasmātsarvaprayatnena brāhmaṇo dharmatatparaḥ || sādhanaṃ sarvavargasya rakṣedbrāhmaṇyamuttamam
Therefore with every effort a brahmin, devoted to dharma, should guard that supreme brahmin-hood, which is the means (of attaining) every class (of goals).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.19
व्यास उवाच ।। संग्रामस्येह माहात्म्यं त्वयोक्तं मुनिसत्तम ।। एतदिच्छाम्यहं श्रोतुं ब्रूहि त्वं वदतां वर
vyāsa uvāca || saṃgrāmasyeha māhātmyaṃ tvayoktaṃ munisattama || etadicchāmyahaṃ śrotuṃ brūhi tvaṃ vadatāṃ vara
Vyāsa said: The greatness of battle has here been spoken of by you, O best of sages; I wish to hear this — tell it, O best of speakers.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.21
इति तत्त्वविदः प्राहुर्यज्ञकर्मविदस्सदा ।। तस्मात्तत्ते प्रवक्ष्यामि यत्फलं शस्त्रजीविनाम्
iti tattvavidaḥ prāhuryajñakarmavidassadā || tasmāttatte pravakṣyāmi yatphalaṃ śastrajīvinām
So say the knowers of truth, ever versed in the rites of sacrifice; therefore I shall declare to you that fruit which belongs to those who live by weapons.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.22
धर्मलाभोऽर्थलाभश्च यशोलाभस्तथैव च ।। यश्शूरो वांछते युद्धं विमृन्दन्परवाहिनीम्
dharmalābho'rthalābhaśca yaśolābhastathaiva ca || yaśśūro vāṃchate yuddhaṃ vimṛndanparavāhinīm
Gain of dharma, gain of wealth, and likewise gain of fame — (these come to) the hero who desires battle, crushing the enemy's army.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.23
तस्य धर्मार्थ कामाश्च यज्ञश्चैव सदक्षिणः ।। परं ह्यभिमुखं दत्त्वा तद्यानं योऽधिरोहति
tasya dharmārtha kāmāśca yajñaścaiva sadakṣiṇaḥ || paraṃ hyabhimukhaṃ dattvā tadyānaṃ yo'dhirohati
His are dharma, wealth and pleasure, and the sacrifice complete with its priestly fees — he who, having set the enemy before him face to face, mounts that (final) vehicle.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.24
विष्णुलोके स जायेत यश्च युद्धेऽपराजितः ।। अश्वमेधानवाप्नोति चतुरो न मृतस्स चेत्
viṣṇuloke sa jāyeta yaśca yuddhe'parājitaḥ || aśvamedhānavāpnoti caturo na mṛtassa cet
He would be born in the world of Viṣṇu; and he who is undefeated in battle, if he does not die, obtains (the merit of) four horse-sacrifices.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.25
यस्तु शस्त्रमनुत्सृज्य म्रियते वाहिनी मुखे ।। सम्मुखो वर्तते शूरस्स स्वर्गान्न निवर्तते
yastu śastramanutsṛjya mriyate vāhinī mukhe || sammukho vartate śūrassa svargānna nivartate
But he who dies at the head of the army without letting go his weapon — the hero who stands facing (the foe) — he does not return from heaven.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.26
राजा वा राजपुत्रो वा सेनापतिरथापि वा ।। हतक्षात्रेण यः शूरस्तस्य लोकोऽक्षयो भवेत्
rājā vā rājaputro vā senāpatirathāpi vā || hatakṣātreṇa yaḥ śūrastasya loko'kṣayo bhavet
Whether a king, or a king's son, or even a commander of the army — the hero who (falls) by the destruction of the warrior-force: his world would be imperishable.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.27
यावंति तस्य रोमाणि भिद्यन्तेऽस्त्रैर्महाहवे ।। तावतो लभते लोकान्सर्वकामदुघाऽक्षयान्
yāvaṃti tasya romāṇi bhidyante'strairmahāhave || tāvato labhate lokānsarvakāmadughā'kṣayān
As many hairs of his as are cut through by weapons in the great battle, so many worlds does he win — imperishable and yielding every desire.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.28
वीरासनं वीरशय्या वीरस्थानस्थितिस्स्थिरा ।। सर्वदा भवति व्यास इह लोके परत्र च
vīrāsanaṃ vīraśayyā vīrasthānasthitissthirā || sarvadā bhavati vyāsa iha loke paratra ca
The hero's seat, the hero's bed, and firm standing in the hero's place are his always, Vyāsa, in this world and in the next.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.29
गवार्थे ब्राह्मणार्थे च स्थानस्वाम्यर्थमेव च ।। ये मृतास्ते सुखं यांति यथा सुकृतिनस्तथा
gavārthe brāhmaṇārthe ca sthānasvāmyarthameva ca || ye mṛtāste sukhaṃ yāṃti yathā sukṛtinastathā
Those who have died for the sake of cows, for the sake of brahmins, and for the sake of their place and their lord go to happiness, just as the doers of good deeds do.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.31
क्रव्यादैर्दतिभिश्चैव हतस्य गतिरुत्तमा ।। द्विजगोस्वामिनामर्थे भवेद्विपुलदाक्षया
kravyādairdatibhiścaiva hatasya gatiruttamā || dvijagosvāmināmarthe bhavedvipuladākṣayā
And for one slain by beasts of prey and by tuskers the course (after death) is the highest; for the sake of brahmins, cows and one's lord it would be abundant and imperishable.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.32
शक्नोत्विह समर्थश्च यष्टुं क्रतुशतैरपि।। आत्मदेहपरित्यागः कर्तुं युधि सुदुष्करः .
śaknotviha samarthaśca yaṣṭuṃ kratuśatairapi|| ātmadehaparityāgaḥ kartuṃ yudhi suduṣkaraḥ .
One who is capable is able here to sacrifice even with a hundred rites; but to make the surrender of one's own body in battle is exceedingly hard.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.33
युद्धं पुण्यतमं स्वर्ग्यं रूपज्ञं सर्वतोमुखम् ।। सर्वेषामेव वर्णानां क्षत्रियस्य विशेषतः
yuddhaṃ puṇyatamaṃ svargyaṃ rūpajñaṃ sarvatomukham || sarveṣāmeva varṇānāṃ kṣatriyasya viśeṣataḥ
Battle is most meritorious, leading to heaven, (?) knowing form, facing in all directions — for all the classes indeed, and especially for the kṣatriya.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
SiP 5 21.34
भृशं चैव प्रवक्ष्यामि युद्धधर्मं सनातनम् ।। यादृशाय प्रहर्तव्यं यादृशं परिवर्जयेत्
bhṛśaṃ caiva pravakṣyāmi yuddhadharmaṃ sanātanam || yādṛśāya prahartavyaṃ yādṛśaṃ parivarjayet
And I shall declare fully the eternal law of war: what sort of man one may strike, and what sort one should avoid.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.35
आततायिनमायांतमपि वेदांतगं द्विजम्।। जिघांसंतं जिघांसेत्तु न तेन ब्रह्महा भवेत्
ātatāyinamāyāṃtamapi vedāṃtagaṃ dvijam|| jighāṃsaṃtaṃ jighāṃsettu na tena brahmahā bhavet
Even a twice-born who has mastered the Vedānta, if he comes as an aggressor seeking to kill, one may kill him seeking to kill; by that one does not become a brahmin-slayer.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.36
हंतव्योऽपि न हंतव्यः पानीयं यश्च याचते।। रणे हत्वातुरान्व्यास स नरो ब्रह्महा भवेत्
haṃtavyo'pi na haṃtavyaḥ pānīyaṃ yaśca yācate|| raṇe hatvāturānvyāsa sa naro brahmahā bhavet
Even one who is to be slain is not to be slain if he begs for water; and, Vyāsa, the man who kills the stricken in battle becomes a brahmin-slayer.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.37
व्याधितं दुर्बलं बालं स्त्र्यनाथौ कृपणं ध्रुवम्।। धनुर्भग्नं छिन्नगुणं हत्वा वै ब्रह्महा भवेत्
vyādhitaṃ durbalaṃ bālaṃ stryanāthau kṛpaṇaṃ dhruvam|| dhanurbhagnaṃ chinnaguṇaṃ hatvā vai brahmahā bhavet
The sick, the weak, a child, a woman, one without a protector, the wretched, one whose bow is broken, one whose bowstring is cut — killing (such a one) one surely becomes a brahmin-slayer.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
SiP 5 21.38
एवं विचार्य्य सद्धीमान्भवेत्प्रीत्याः रणप्रियः।। सजन्मनः फलं प्राप्य परत्रेह प्रमोदते
evaṃ vicāryya saddhīmānbhavetprītyāḥ raṇapriyaḥ|| sajanmanaḥ phalaṃ prāpya paratreha pramodate
Considering thus, the good and wise man should become fond of battle with gladness; having gained the fruit of that birth, he rejoices here and hereafter.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain