Mahabharata — Volume IX (Dutt edition) — Chapter 23

MBh 9 23.1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच श्राद्धकाले च दैवे च पित्र्येऽपि च पितामह। इच्छामीह त्वयाऽऽख्यातं विहितं यत् सुरर्षिभिः॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca śrāddhakāle ca daive ca pitrye'pi ca pitāmaha| icchāmīha tvayā''khyātaṃ vihitaṃ yat surarṣibhiḥ||

Yudhishthira said I wish you, O grandfather to tell me what the ordinances about the rites for the deities and the departed manes on occasions of Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.2

भीष्म उवाच दैवं पौर्वाह्निकं कुर्यादपराह्वे तु पैतृकम्। मङ्गलाचारसम्पन्नः कृतशौचः प्रयत्नवान्॥

bhīṣma uvāca daivaṃ paurvāhnikaṃ kuryādaparāhve tu paitṛkam| maṅgalācārasampannaḥ kṛtaśaucaḥ prayatnavān||

Bhishma said Having purified oneself and then performed the well known auspicious rites, one should carefully perform all acts relating to the Pitris in the afternoon.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.3

मनुष्याणां तु मध्याह्ने प्रदद्यादुपपत्तिभिः। कालहीनं तु यद् दानं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः॥

manuṣyāṇāṃ tu madhyāhne pradadyādupapattibhiḥ| kālahīnaṃ tu yad dānaṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ||

What is given to men should be given in the midday with love and regard. That gifts which is made untimely is taken by Rakshasas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.4

लचितं चावलीढं च कलिपूर्वं च यत् कृतम्। रजस्वलाभिदृष्टं च तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः॥

lacitaṃ cāvalīḍhaṃ ca kalipūrvaṃ ca yat kṛtam| rajasvalābhidṛṣṭaṃ ca taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ||

Gifts of articles that have been leapt over by any one, or been licked or sucked, or are not given peacefully, or have been seen by women who are impure for being in their season do not produce any merit. Such gifts are considered as the portions of Rakshasas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.5

अवघुष्टं च यद् भुक्तमव्रतेन च भारत। परामृष्टं शुना चैव तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः॥

avaghuṣṭaṃ ca yad bhuktamavratena ca bhārata| parāmṛṣṭaṃ śunā caiva taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ||

Gifts of articles that have been announced before many people or from which a part has been eaten by a Shudra or, that have been seen or licked by a dog, form portions of Rakshasas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.6

केशकीटावपतितं क्षुतं श्वभिरवेक्षितम्। रुदितं चावधूतं च तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः॥

keśakīṭāvapatitaṃ kṣutaṃ śvabhiravekṣitam| ruditaṃ cāvadhūtaṃ ca taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ||

Food which is mixed with hair or in which there are worms, or which has been spoiled with spittle or saliva or which has been looked at by a dog or into which teardrops have fallen or which has been trodden upon, should be known as forming the part of Rakshasas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.7

निरोङ्कारेण यद् भुक्तं सशस्त्रेण च भारत। दुरात्मना च यद् भुक्तं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः॥

niroṅkāreṇa yad bhuktaṃ saśastreṇa ca bhārata| durātmanā ca yad bhuktaṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ||

Food that has been eaten by a person incompetent to utter the syllable Om, or that has been eaten by a person bearing arms, O Bharata, or that has been caten by a wicked person, should be known as due to Rakshasas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.8

परोच्छिष्टं च यद् भुक्तं परिभुक्तं च यद् भवेत्। दैवे पित्र्ये च सततं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः॥

parocchiṣṭaṃ ca yad bhuktaṃ paribhuktaṃ ca yad bhavet| daive pitrye ca satataṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ||

The food that is caten by a person from which a part has already been extent by another, or which is eaten without a part thereof having been offered to gods and guests and children, is appropriated by Rakshasas. Such impure food, if offered to the deities and Pitris is never accepted by them but is appropriated by Rakshasas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.9

मन्त्रहीनं क्रियाहीनं यच्छ्राद्धं परिविष्यते। त्रिभिर्वर्णर्नरश्रेष्ठ तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः॥

mantrahīnaṃ kriyāhīnaṃ yacchrāddhaṃ pariviṣyate| tribhirvarṇarnaraśreṣṭha taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ||

The food that is offered by the three twice born classes in Shraddhas in which Mantras are either not uttered or uttered incorrectly and in which the ordinances laid down in the scriptures are not duly performed, if given to guests and other people, is appropriated by Rakshasas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.10

आज्याहुतिं विना चैव यत्किञ्चित् परिविष्यते। दुराचारैश्च यद् भुक्तं तं भागं रक्षसां विदुः॥

ājyāhutiṃ vinā caiva yatkiñcit pariviṣyate| durācāraiśca yad bhuktaṃ taṃ bhāgaṃ rakṣasāṃ viduḥ||

The food that is given to guests without having been previously dedicated to the deities or the Pitris with the help of libations on the sacred fire, or which has been sullied on account of a part thereof having been eaten by a person who is wicked or of irreligious conduct, should be known as being due to Rakshasas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.11

ये भागा रक्षसां प्राप्तास्त उक्ता भरतर्षभ। अत ऊर्ध्वं विसर्गस्य परीक्षां ब्राह्मणे शृणु॥

ye bhāgā rakṣasāṃ prāptāsta uktā bharatarṣabha| ata ūrdhvaṃ visargasya parīkṣāṃ brāhmaṇe śṛṇu||

I have described to you the dues of the Rakshasas. Listen now to me as I put down the rules for determining the Brahmana who is worthy of gifts.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.12

यावन्तः पतिता विप्रा जडोन्मत्तास्तथैव च। दैवे वाप्यथ पित्र्ये वा राजन् नार्हन्ति केतनम्॥

yāvantaḥ patitā viprā jaḍonmattāstathaiva ca| daive vāpyatha pitrye vā rājan nārhanti ketanam||

All Brahmanas that have been outcasted, as also Brahmanas who are idiots and insane, do not deserve to be invited to Shraddhas in which offerings are made to either the deities or the departed manes.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.13

श्वित्री क्लीबश्च कुष्ठी च तथा यक्ष्महतश्च यः। अपस्मारी च यश्चान्धो राजन् नार्हन्ति केतनम्॥

śvitrī klībaśca kuṣṭhī ca tathā yakṣmahataśca yaḥ| apasmārī ca yaścāndho rājan nārhanti ketanam||

That Brahmanas who is afflicted with leucoderina, or he who is shorn of generative power, or he who has got leprosy, or he who has got phthisis, or he who suffers from epilepsy, or he who is blind, should not O king, be invited.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.14

चिकित्सका देवलका वृथा नियमधारिणः। सोमविक्रयिणश्चैव राजन् नार्हन्ति केतनम्॥

cikitsakā devalakā vṛthā niyamadhāriṇaḥ| somavikrayiṇaścaiva rājan nārhanti ketanam||

Those Brahinana who practise as physicians, those who get regular pay for adoring the images of gods established by the rich or live upon the service of the gods, those who observe vows from pride or other false motives and those who sell Soma wine, do not deserve to be invited.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.15

गायना नर्तकाश्चैव प्लवका वादकास्तथा। कथका योधकाश्चैव राजन् नार्हन्ति केतनम्॥

gāyanā nartakāścaiva plavakā vādakāstathā| kathakā yodhakāścaiva rājan nārhanti ketanam||

Those Brahmanas who are by profession, vocalists, or dancers or players or instrumental musicians, or reciters of sacred books, or warriors and athletes, should not, O king be invited.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.16

होतारो वृषलानां च वृषलाध्यापकास्तथा। तथा वृषलशिष्याश्च राजन् नार्हन्ति केतनम्॥

hotāro vṛṣalānāṃ ca vṛṣalādhyāpakāstathā| tathā vṛṣalaśiṣyāśca rājan nārhanti ketanam||

Those Brahmanas who pour libations on the sacred fire for Shudras or who are preceptors of Shudras, or who are servant of Shudra masters, should not be invited.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.17

अनुयोक्ता च यो विप्रो अनुयुक्तश्च भारत। नाहतस्तावपि श्राद्धं ब्रह्मविक्रयिणौ हि तौ॥

anuyoktā ca yo vipro anuyuktaśca bhārata| nāhatastāvapi śrāddhaṃ brahmavikrayiṇau hi tau||

That Brahmana who is paid for his services as a preceptor or who attends as a pupil upon the lectures of some preceptor for an allowance paid to him, does not deserve to be invited, for both of thein are considered as sellers of Vedic learning.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.18

अग्रणीर्यः कृतः पूर्वं वर्णावरपरिग्रहः। ब्राह्मणः सर्वविद्योऽपि राजन् नार्हति केतनम्॥

agraṇīryaḥ kṛtaḥ pūrvaṃ varṇāvaraparigrahaḥ| brāhmaṇaḥ sarvavidyo'pi rājan nārhati ketanam||

That Brahmana who has been once induced to accept the gift of food in a Shraddha at the very beginning, as also he who has married a Shudra wife, even if gifted with every sort of knowledge, should not be invited.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.19

अनग्नयश्च ये विप्रा मृतनिर्यातकाश्च ये। स्तेनाश्च पतिताश्चैव राजन् नार्हन्ति केतनम्॥

anagnayaśca ye viprā mṛtaniryātakāśca ye| stenāśca patitāścaiva rājan nārhanti ketanam||

Those Brahmanas who have no domestic fire, and they who attend upon corpses, they who are thieves, and they who have otherwise degraded themselves, do not o king, deserve to be invited.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.20

अपरिज्ञातपूर्वाश्च गणपूर्वाश्च भारत। पुत्रिकापूर्वपुत्राश्च श्राद्धे नार्हन्ति केतनम्॥

aparijñātapūrvāśca gaṇapūrvāśca bhārata| putrikāpūrvaputrāśca śrāddhe nārhanti ketanam||

Those Brahmanas whose antecedents are not known or are vile, and they who are Putrika-putras, should not, O king, be invited on occasions of Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.21

ऋणकर्ता च यो राजन् यश्च वाधुषिको नरः। प्राणिविक्रयवृत्तिश्च राजन् नार्हन्ति केतनम्॥

ṛṇakartā ca yo rājan yaśca vādhuṣiko naraḥ| prāṇivikrayavṛttiśca rājan nārhanti ketanam||

That Brahmana who gives loans of money, or he who lives upon the interest of the loans given by him, or he who lives by the sale of living creatures, should not, O king, be invited.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.22

स्त्रीपूर्वाः काण्डपृष्ठाश्च यावन्तो भरतर्षभ। अजपा ब्राह्मणाश्चैव श्राद्धे नाहन्ति केतनम्॥

strīpūrvāḥ kāṇḍapṛṣṭhāśca yāvanto bharatarṣabha| ajapā brāhmaṇāścaiva śrāddhe nāhanti ketanam||

Persons who are henpecked or they who live by becoming the paramours of unchaste women, or they who do not perform their morning and evening prayers, should not, O king, be invited to Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.23

श्राद्धे दैवे च निर्दिष्टो ब्राह्मणो भरतर्षभ। दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च शृणुष्वानुग्रहं पुनः॥

śrāddhe daive ca nirdiṣṭo brāhmaṇo bharatarṣabha| dātuḥ pratigrahītuśca śṛṇuṣvānugrahaṃ punaḥ||

Listen now to me as I say who the Brahmava is who has been ordained for acts done in honour of the gods and the departed manes. Indeed, I shall tell you what those merits are on account of which one may become a giver or a recipient of gifts in Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.24

चीर्णव्रता गुणैर्युक्ता भवेयुर्येऽपि कर्षकाः। सावित्रीज्ञाः क्रियावन्तस्ते राजन् केतनक्षमाः॥

cīrṇavratā guṇairyuktā bhaveyurye'pi karṣakāḥ| sāvitrījñāḥ kriyāvantaste rājan ketanakṣamāḥ||

Those Brahmanas who perform the rites and ceremonies laid down in the scriptures, or they who are possessed of merit, or they who know well the Gayatri, or they who perform the ordinary duties of Brahmanas, even if they happen to take lo agriculture for a living, are capable, O king, of being invited to Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.25

क्षात्रधर्मिणमण्याजौ केतयेत् कुलजं द्विजम्। न त्वेव वणिजं तात श्राद्धे च परिकल्पयेत्॥

kṣātradharmiṇamaṇyājau ketayet kulajaṃ dvijam| na tveva vaṇijaṃ tāta śrāddhe ca parikalpayet||

If a Brahmana happens to be well born, he should be invited to Shraddhas notwithstanding his taking up arms for fighting the battles of others. That Brahmana however O son, who happens lo drive a trade for a living should be discarded.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.26

अग्निहोत्री च यो विप्रो ग्रामवासी च यो भवेत्। अस्तेनश्चातिथिज्ञश्च स राजन् केतनक्षमः॥

agnihotrī ca yo vipro grāmavāsī ca yo bhavet| astenaścātithijñaśca sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ||

That Brahmana who pours libations every day on the sacred fire, or who lives in a fixed habitation, who is not a thief and who performs the duties of hospitality to guests arrived at his house, should O king, be invited to Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.27

सावित्री जपते यस्तु त्रिकालं भरतर्षभ। भिक्षावृत्तिः क्रियावांश्च स राजन् केतनक्षमः॥

sāvitrī japate yastu trikālaṃ bharatarṣabha| bhikṣāvṛttiḥ kriyāvāṃśca sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ||

That Brahmana, O chief of Bharata's race, who recites the Savitri morning, noon and night or who lives upon charity begging as much as is necessary, who is observant of the rites and ceremonies laid down in the scriptures for persons of his order, should, O king, be invited to Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.28

उदितास्तमितो यश्च तथैवास्तमितोदितः। अहिंस्रश्चाल्पदोषश्च स राजन् केतनक्षमः॥

uditāstamito yaśca tathaivāstamitoditaḥ| ahiṃsraścālpadoṣaśca sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ||

That Brahmana who having acquired riches in the morning becomes poor in the afternoon, or who poor in the morning becomes rich in the evening, or who is shorn of inalice or is stained by a minor faulty should, O king, be invited to Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.29

अकल्कको ह्यतर्कश्च ब्राह्मणो भरतर्षभ। संसर्गे भैक्ष्यवृत्तिश्च स राजन् केतनक्षमः॥

akalkako hyatarkaśca brāhmaṇo bharatarṣabha| saṃsarge bhaikṣyavṛttiśca sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ||

That Brahmana who is shorn of pride or sin, who is not given to dry disputation, or who lives upon alms got in his rounds of mendicancy from house to house; should, O king, be invited to sacrifices.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.30

अव्रती कितवः स्तेन: प्राणिविक्रयिको वणिक्। पश्चाच्च पीतवान् सोमं स राजन् केतनक्षमः॥

avratī kitavaḥ stena: prāṇivikrayiko vaṇik| paścācca pītavān somaṃ sa rājan ketanakṣamaḥ||

One who does not observe vows or who is given to untruth, who is a theif, or who lives by the sale of living creatures or by trade in general, should be invited to Shraddhas, ) king, if he happen to subsequently drink Soma in a sacrifice.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.31

अर्जयित्वा धनं पूर्वं दारुणैरपि कर्मभिः। भवेत् सर्वातिथिः पश्चात् स राजन् केतनक्षः॥

arjayitvā dhanaṃ pūrvaṃ dāruṇairapi karmabhiḥ| bhavet sarvātithiḥ paścāt sa rājan ketanakṣaḥ||

That man who having acquired riches by foul or cruel means subsequently spends it in worshipping the gods and performing the duties of hospitality, becomes worthy, O king, of being invited to Shraddhas.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.32

ब्रह्मविक्रयनिर्दिष्टं स्त्रिया यच्चार्जितं धनम्। अदेयं पितृविप्रेभ्यो यच्च क्लैब्यादुपार्जितम्॥

brahmavikrayanirdiṣṭaṃ striyā yaccārjitaṃ dhanam| adeyaṃ pitṛviprebhyo yacca klaibyādupārjitam||

The riches that one has acquired by the sale of Vedic learning, or which has been acquired by a woman, or which has been gamed by meanness, should never be given to Brahmanas or spent in making offerings to the departed manes.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.33

क्रियमाणेऽपवर्गे च यो द्विजो भरतर्षभ। न व्याहरति यद्युक्तं तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम्॥

kriyamāṇe'pavarge ca yo dvijo bharatarṣabha| na vyāharati yadyuktaṃ tasyādharmo gavānṛtam||

That Brahmana, O chief of Bharata's race, who upon the completion of a Shraddha that is performed with his help, refuses to utter the words yukta, commits the sin of swearing falsely in a suit for land.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.34

श्राद्धस्य ब्राह्मणः कालः प्राप्तं दधि घृतं तथा। सोमक्षयश्च मांसं च यदारण्यं युधिष्ठिर॥

śrāddhasya brāhmaṇaḥ kālaḥ prāptaṃ dadhi ghṛtaṃ tathā| somakṣayaśca māṃsaṃ ca yadāraṇyaṃ yudhiṣṭhira||

The time for celebrating the Shraddha, O Yudhishthira, is that when one gets a good Brahmana and curds and clarified butter and the sacred day of the new moon and the meat of wild animals such as deer and others.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.35

श्राद्धापवर्गे विप्रस्य स्वधा वै मुदिता भवेत्। क्षत्रियस्यापि यो ब्रूयात् प्रीयन्तां पितरस्त्विति॥

śrāddhāpavarge viprasya svadhā vai muditā bhavet| kṣatriyasyāpi yo brūyāt prīyantāṃ pitarastviti||

Upon the termination of a Shraddha performed by a Brahmana the word Svadha should be uttered. If performed by a Kshatriya the words that should be uttered are Let your departed manes be pleased.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.36

अपवर्गे त वैश्यस्य श्राद्धकर्मणि भारत। अक्षय्यमभिधातव्यं स्वस्ति शूद्रस्य भारत॥ पुण्याहवाचनं दैवं ब्राह्मणस्य विधीयते। एतदेव निरोङ्कारं क्षत्रियस्य विधीयते॥ वैश्यस्य दैवे वक्तव्यं प्रीयन्तां देवता इति। कर्मणामानुपूर्वेण विधिपूर्वं कृतं शृणु॥

apavarge ta vaiśyasya śrāddhakarmaṇi bhārata| akṣayyamabhidhātavyaṃ svasti śūdrasya bhārata|| puṇyāhavācanaṃ daivaṃ brāhmaṇasya vidhīyate| etadeva niroṅkāraṃ kṣatriyasya vidhīyate|| vaiśyasya daive vaktavyaṃ prīyantāṃ devatā iti| karmaṇāmānupūrveṇa vidhipūrvaṃ kṛtaṃ śṛṇu||

Upon the completion of Shraddha performed by a Vaishya, O Bharata, the word that should be uttered are; Let everything become endless! Likewise upon the completion of a Shraddha performed by a Shudra, the word that should be uttered is Svasti As regards a Brahmana, the Punyaham declaration should be accompanied with the utterance of the syllable Om. In the case of a Kshatriya, such declaration should be without the utterance of the syllable Om. In the acts performed by a Vaishya the words, instead of the syllable Om. should be Let the gods be pleased. Listen now to me as I tell you the rites that should be performed, one after another, as given in the ordinances.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.37

जातकर्मादिकाः सर्वास्त्रिषु वर्णेषु भारत। ब्रह्माक्षत्रे हि मन्त्रोक्ता वैश्यस्य च युधिष्ठिर॥

jātakarmādikāḥ sarvāstriṣu varṇeṣu bhārata| brahmākṣatre hi mantroktā vaiśyasya ca yudhiṣṭhira||

All the rites consequent upon birth, O Bharata, are necessary in the case of all the three castes. All these rites, O Yudhishthira, in the case of both Brahmanas and Kshatriyas as also in that of Vaishyas, are to be performed with the help of Mantras.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.38

विप्रस्य रशना मौजी मौर्वी राजन्यगामिनी। बाल्वजी ह्येव वैश्यस्य धर्म एष युधिष्ठिर।॥

viprasya raśanā maujī maurvī rājanyagāminī| bālvajī hyeva vaiśyasya dharma eṣa yudhiṣṭhira|||

The girdle of Brahmana should be made of Munja grass. That of a Kshatriya should be a bowstring. The Vaishya's girdle should be made of the Valvaji grass. This has been laid down in the scriptures.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.39

दातुः प्रतिग्रहीतुश्च धर्माधर्माविमौ शृणु। ब्राह्मणस्यानृतेऽधर्मः प्रोक्तः पातकसंज्ञितः। चतुर्गुणः क्षत्रियस्य वैश्यस्याष्टगुणः स्मृतः॥

dātuḥ pratigrahītuśca dharmādharmāvimau śṛṇu| brāhmaṇasyānṛte'dharmaḥ proktaḥ pātakasaṃjñitaḥ| caturguṇaḥ kṣatriyasya vaiśyasyāṣṭaguṇaḥ smṛtaḥ||

Listen now to me as I explain to you what forms the merits and demerits of both givers and recipients of gifts. A Brahmana violates his duty by uttering an untruth. Such an act on his part is sinful. A Kshatriya perpetrates four fold and a Vaishya eightfold the sin that a Brahmana incurs by uttering an untruth.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.40

नान्यत्र ब्राह्मणोऽश्नीयात् पूर्वं विप्रेण केतितः। यवीयान् पशुहिंसायां तुल्यधर्मो भवेत् स हि॥

nānyatra brāhmaṇo'śnīyāt pūrvaṃ vipreṇa ketitaḥ| yavīyān paśuhiṃsāyāṃ tulyadharmo bhavet sa hi||

A Brahmana should not eat elsewhere, having been previously invited by a Brahmana. By eating at the house of the person by whom he has been invited afterwards, he becomes inferior and even incurs the sin of the slaughter of an animal on occasions other than those of sacrifices.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.41

तथा राजन्यवैश्याभ्यां यद्यश्नीयात्तु केतितः। यवीयान् पशुहिंसायां भागार्धं समवाप्नुयात्॥

tathā rājanyavaiśyābhyāṃ yadyaśnīyāttu ketitaḥ| yavīyān paśuhiṃsāyāṃ bhāgārdhaṃ samavāpnuyāt||

So also, if he eats elsewhere after having been invited by a Kshatriya or a Vaishya, he falls away from his position and incurs half the sin of the slaughter of an animal on occasion other than those of sacrifices.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.42

दैवं वाप्यथवा पिव्यं योऽश्नीयाद् ब्राह्मणादिषु। अस्नातो ब्राह्मणो राजस्तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम्॥

daivaṃ vāpyathavā pivyaṃ yo'śnīyād brāhmaṇādiṣu| asnāto brāhmaṇo rājastasyādharmo gavānṛtam||

That Brahmana, O king, who eats on occasions of such acts as are performed in honour of the gods or the departed manes by Brahmanas and Kshatriyas and Vaishyas, without having performed his ablutions, commits the sin of uttering an untruth for a COW.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.43

आशौचो ब्राह्मणो राजन् योऽश्नीयाद् ब्राह्मणादिषु। ज्ञानपूर्वमथो लोभात् तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम्॥

āśauco brāhmaṇo rājan yo'śnīyād brāhmaṇādiṣu| jñānapūrvamatho lobhāt tasyādharmo gavānṛtam||

That Brahmana, O king, who eats on occasions of similar acts performed by persons belonging to three higher castes, at a time when he is impure on account of either a birth or a death among his cognates, and knowing that he is impure or through temptation, commits the same sin.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.44

अर्थेनान्येन यो लिप्सेत् कर्मार्थं चैव भारत। आमन्त्रयति राजेन्द्र तस्याधर्मोऽनृतं स्मृतम्॥

arthenānyena yo lipset karmārthaṃ caiva bhārata| āmantrayati rājendra tasyādharmo'nṛtaṃ smṛtam||

He who lives upon riches acquired under false pretences like that of sojourns to sacred places or who begs the giver for riches pretending that he would spend it in religious acts, commits, O king, the sin of uttering an untruth,

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.45

अवेदव्रतचारित्रास्त्रिभिर्वर्णयुधिष्ठिर। मन्त्रवत्परिविष्यन्ते तस्याधर्मो गवानृतम्॥

avedavratacāritrāstribhirvarṇayudhiṣṭhira| mantravatpariviṣyante tasyādharmo gavānṛtam||

That person, belonging to any of the three higher castes, O Yudhishthira, Yudhishthira, who at Shraddhas and on other occasions distributes food with the help of Mantras, to such Brahmanas as do not study the Vedas or who do not observe vows or who have not purified their conduct, forsooth, commits sin.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.46

युधिष्ठिर उवाच पित्र्यं वाप्यथवा दैवं दीयते यत् पितामह। एतदिच्छाम्यहं ज्ञातुं दत्तं केषु महाफलम्॥

yudhiṣṭhira uvāca pitryaṃ vāpyathavā daivaṃ dīyate yat pitāmaha| etadicchāmyahaṃ jñātuṃ dattaṃ keṣu mahāphalam||

Yudhishthira said I wish O grandfather, to know who those persons are by giving to whom the things dedicated to the gods and the departed manes, one may acquire sufficient rewards.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.47

भीष्म उवाच येषां दाराः प्रतीक्षन्ते सुवृष्टिमिव कर्षकाः। उच्छेषपरिशेषं हि तान् भोजय युधिष्ठिर॥

bhīṣma uvāca yeṣāṃ dārāḥ pratīkṣante suvṛṣṭimiva karṣakāḥ| uccheṣapariśeṣaṃ hi tān bhojaya yudhiṣṭhira||

Bhishma said Do you, O Yudhishthira, feed those Brahmanas whose wives respectfully wait for the residue of the dishes of their husbands like tillers of the soil waiting respectfully for timely showers of rain.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.48

चारित्रनिरता राजन् ये कृशाः कृशवृत्तयः। अर्थिनश्चोपगच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम्॥

cāritraniratā rājan ye kṛśāḥ kṛśavṛttayaḥ| arthinaścopagacchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to those Brahmanas who are always of pure conduct, О king, who are liberated by abstaining from all luxuries and even full meals who are given to the observance of such vows as lead to the emaciation of the body, and who approach givers with the object of getting gifts, one acquires great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.49

तद्भक्तास्तद्गृहा राजस्तद्वलास्तदपाश्रयाः। अर्थिनश्च भवन्त्यर्थे तेषु दत्तं महाफलम्॥

tadbhaktāstadgṛhā rājastadvalāstadapāśrayāḥ| arthinaśca bhavantyarthe teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to Brahmanas who considers conduct in the light of food, who considers conduct in the light of wives and children, who considers conduct in the light of strength, who considers conduct in the light of their refuge for crossing this world and acquiring happiness in the next, and who beg for riches only when wealth is absolutely needed, one acquires great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.50

तस्करेभ्यः परेभ्यो वा ये भयार्ता युधिष्ठिर। अर्थिनो भोक्तुमिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम्॥

taskarebhyaḥ parebhyo vā ye bhayārtā yudhiṣṭhira| arthino bhoktumicchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to those persons, O Yudhishthira, who having lost everything through thieves or oppressors, approach the giver one gains great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.51

अकल्ककस्य विप्रस्य रौक्ष्यात् करकृतात्मनः। वटवो यस्य भिक्षन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम्॥

akalkakasya viprasya raukṣyāt karakṛtātmanaḥ| vaṭavo yasya bhikṣanti tebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to such Brahmanas as beg food from the hands of even a poor person of their caste who has just got something from others, one acquires great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.52

हृतस्वा हृतदाराश्च ये विप्रा देशसम्लवे। अर्थार्थमभिगच्छन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम्॥

hṛtasvā hṛtadārāśca ye viprā deśasamlave| arthārthamabhigacchanti tebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to such Brahmanas as have lost everything in times of universal distress and as have been deprived of their wives on such occasions, and as come to givers with solicitations for alms one acquires great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.53

व्रतिनो नियमस्थाश्च ये विप्राः श्रुतसम्मताः। तत्समाप्त्यर्थमिच्छन्ति तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम्॥

vratino niyamasthāśca ye viprāḥ śrutasammatāḥ| tatsamāptyarthamicchanti tebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to such Brahmanas as observe vows and as place themselves voluntarily under painful rules and regulations, according to the Vedic injunctions, and as come to solicit riches for spending it upon the rites necessary to complete their vows and other observances one acquires great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.54

अत्युत्क्रान्ताश्च धर्मेषु पाषण्डसमयेषु च। कृशप्राणाः कृशधनास्तेभ्यो दत्तं महाफलम्॥

atyutkrāntāśca dharmeṣu pāṣaṇḍasamayeṣu ca| kṛśaprāṇāḥ kṛśadhanāstebhyo dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to such Brahmanas as live at a great distance from the practices followed by the sinful and the wicked, as are shorn of strength for want of adequate support, and as are very poor in earthly possessions, one acquires great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.55

कृतसर्वस्वहरणा निर्दोषाः प्रभविष्णुभिः। स्पृहयन्ति च भुक्त्वान्नं तेषु दत्तं महाफलम्॥

kṛtasarvasvaharaṇā nirdoṣāḥ prabhaviṣṇubhiḥ| spṛhayanti ca bhuktvānnaṃ teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to such Brahmanas as have been deprived of all their possessions by powerful men but as are perfectly innocent and as desire to fill their stomachs with any and every sort of food, one acquires great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.56

तपस्विनस्तपोनिष्ठास्तेषां भैक्षचराश्च ये। अर्थिनः किञ्चिदिच्छन्ति तेषु दत्तं महाफलम्॥

tapasvinastaponiṣṭhāsteṣāṃ bhaikṣacarāśca ye| arthinaḥ kiñcidicchanti teṣu dattaṃ mahāphalam||

By making gifts to such Brahmanas as beg on behalf of others performing penances and devoted to them, and as are satisfied with even small gifts one acquires great merit.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.57

महाफलविधिने श्रुतस्ते भरतर्षभ। निरयं येन गच्छन्ति स्वर्गे चैव हि तच्छृणु॥

mahāphalavidhine śrutaste bharatarṣabha| nirayaṃ yena gacchanti svarge caiva hi tacchṛṇu||

You have now, O foremost of Bharata's race, heard what the scriptural declarations are about the acquisition of great merit by the making of gifts. Hear from me now, of those acts that lead to hell or heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.58

गुर्वर्थमभयार्थे वा वर्जयित्वा युधिष्ठिर। येऽनृतं कथयन्ति स्म ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

gurvarthamabhayārthe vā varjayitvā yudhiṣṭhira| ye'nṛtaṃ kathayanti sma te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They, O Yudhishthira, that speak an untruth on occasions other than those when such untruth is necessary for serving the purpose of the preceptor or for giving the assurance of safety to a person in fear of his life, sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.59

परदाराभिहर्तारः परदाराभिमर्शिनः। परदारप्रयोक्तारस्ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

paradārābhihartāraḥ paradārābhimarśinaḥ| paradāraprayoktāraste vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who ravish other people's wives or have sexual intercourse with them, or assist at such sinful acts, sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.60

ये परस्वापहर्तारः परस्वानां च नाशकाः। सूचकाश्च परेषां ये ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

ye parasvāpahartāraḥ parasvānāṃ ca nāśakāḥ| sūcakāśca pareṣāṃ ye te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who rob others of their riches or destroy the riches and properties of other people, or trumpet the shortcomings of other people, sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.61

प्रपाणां च सभानां च संक्रमाणां च भारत। अगाराणां च भेत्तारो नरा निरयगामिनः॥

prapāṇāṃ ca sabhānāṃ ca saṃkramāṇāṃ ca bhārata| agārāṇāṃ ca bhettāro narā nirayagāminaḥ||

They who spoil tanks used by cattle for satisfying thirst, who injure buildings used for public meetings, who break down bridges and causeways, and who pull down dwelling houses, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.62

अनाथां प्रमदां बालां वृद्धां भीता तपस्विनीम्। वञ्चन्ति नरा ये च ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

anāthāṃ pramadāṃ bālāṃ vṛddhāṃ bhītā tapasvinīm| vañcanti narā ye ca te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who lead astray and cheat helpless women, or girls or aged dames, or such women as have been frightened, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.63

वृत्तिच्छेदं गृहच्छेदं दारच्छेदं च भारत। मित्रच्छेदं तथाऽऽशायास्ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

vṛtticchedaṃ gṛhacchedaṃ dāracchedaṃ ca bhārata| mitracchedaṃ tathā''śāyāste vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who destroy the means of other people's subsistence, they who root out the habitations of other people, they who rob others of their wives, they who sow dissensions among friends, and they who destroy the hopes of other people, sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.64

सूचकाः सेतुभेत्तारः परवृत्त्युपजीवकाः। अकृतज्ञाश्च मित्राणां ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

sūcakāḥ setubhettāraḥ paravṛttyupajīvakāḥ| akṛtajñāśca mitrāṇāṃ te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who trumpet forth the faults of others, they who break down bridges or causeways, they who live by following other people's calling and they who are ungrateful to friends for services received, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.65

पाषण्डा दूषकाश्चैव समयानां च दूषकाः। ये प्रत्यवसिताश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

pāṣaṇḍā dūṣakāścaiva samayānāṃ ca dūṣakāḥ| ye pratyavasitāścaiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who have no faith in the Vedas and show no respect for them, they who break the vows made by themselves or make others to break them, and they who fall away from their status through sin, sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.66

विषमव्यवहाराश्च विषमाश्चैव वृद्धिषु। लाभेषु विषमाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

viṣamavyavahārāśca viṣamāścaiva vṛddhiṣu| lābheṣu viṣamāścaiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who follow improper conduct they who take exorbitant rates of interest, and they who make unduly large profits on sales, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.67

दूतसंव्यवहाराश्च निष्परीक्षाश्च मानवाः। प्राणिहिंसाप्रवृत्ताश्च ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

dūtasaṃvyavahārāśca niṣparīkṣāśca mānavāḥ| prāṇihiṃsāpravṛttāśca te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who are given to gambling, they who unhesitatingly perform wicked acts, and they who are given to killing living creatures, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.68

कृताशं कृतनिर्देशं कृतभक्तं कृतश्रमम्। भेदैर्ये व्यपकर्षन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

kṛtāśaṃ kṛtanirdeśaṃ kṛtabhaktaṃ kṛtaśramam| bhedairye vyapakarṣanti te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who make the masters dismiss the servants that are hoping for rewards or are in the enjoyment of wages or salaries or waiting for returns in respect of valuable services already done, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.69

पर्यश्नन्ति च ये दारानग्निभृत्यातिथींस्तथा। उत्सन्नपितृदेवेज्यास्ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

paryaśnanti ca ye dārānagnibhṛtyātithīṃstathā| utsannapitṛdevejyāste vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who themselves eat without offering portions thereof to their wives or their sacred fires or their servants or their guests, and they who do not perform the rites laid down in the scriptures for honouring the departed manes and deities, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.70

वेदविक्रयिणश्चैव वेदानां चैव दूषकाः। वेदानां लेखकाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

vedavikrayiṇaścaiva vedānāṃ caiva dūṣakāḥ| vedānāṃ lekhakāścaiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who sell the Vedas, they who find fault with the Vedas, and they who reduce the Vedas into writing, have all to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.71

चातुराश्रम्यबाह्याश्च क्षुतिबाह्याश्च ये नराः। विकर्मभिश्च जीवन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

cāturāśramyabāhyāśca kṣutibāhyāśca ye narāḥ| vikarmabhiśca jīvanti te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who are out of the limit of the four wellknown modes of life, they who follow to practices interdicted by the Shrutis and the Scriptures, and they who perform wicked or sinful deeds or who do not belong to their order of birth have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.72

केशविक्रयिका राजन् विषविक्रयिकाश्च ये। क्षीरविक्रयिकाश्चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

keśavikrayikā rājan viṣavikrayikāśca ye| kṣīravikrayikāścaiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who live by selling hair, they who live by selling poisons, and they who live by selling milk have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.73

ब्राह्मणानां गवां चैव कन्यानां च युधिष्ठिर। येऽन्तरं यान्ति कार्येषु ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

brāhmaṇānāṃ gavāṃ caiva kanyānāṃ ca yudhiṣṭhira| ye'ntaraṃ yānti kāryeṣu te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who put impediments in the path of Brahmanas and kine and maidens, Yudhishthira, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.74

शस्त्रविक्रयिकाश्चैव कर्तारश्च युधिष्ठिर। शल्यानां धनुषां चैव ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

śastravikrayikāścaiva kartāraśca yudhiṣṭhira| śalyānāṃ dhanuṣāṃ caiva te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who sell weapons, they who forge weapons, they who make arrows, and they who make bows, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.75

शिलाभिः शङ्कभिर्वापि शुभैर्वा भरतर्षभ। ये मार्गमनुरुन्धन्ति ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

śilābhiḥ śaṅkabhirvāpi śubhairvā bharatarṣabha| ye mārgamanurundhanti te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who obstruct paths and roads with stones and thorns and holes have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.76

उपाध्यायांश्च भृत्यांश्च भक्तांश्च भरतर्षभ। ये त्यजन्त्यविकारांस्त्रीस्ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

upādhyāyāṃśca bhṛtyāṃśca bhaktāṃśca bharatarṣabha| ye tyajantyavikārāṃstrīste vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who renounce preceptors and servants and loyal followers without any offence, o foremost of Bharata's race, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.77

अप्राप्तदमकाश्चैव नासानां वेधकाश्च ये। बन्धकाश्च पशूनां ये ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

aprāptadamakāścaiva nāsānāṃ vedhakāśca ye| bandhakāśca paśūnāṃ ye te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who set bullocks to work when the animals have not come of age, they who bore the noses of bullocks and other animals for controlling them the better while engaged in work, and they who keep animals always tethered, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.78

अगोप्तारश्च राजानो बलिषड्भागतस्कराः। समर्थाश्चाप्यदातारस्ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

agoptāraśca rājāno baliṣaḍbhāgataskarāḥ| samarthāścāpyadātāraste vai nirayagāminaḥ||

Those kings who do not protect their subjects while forcibly collect from them a sixth share of the produce of their fields, and they who though able and possessed of resources abstain from making gifts have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.79

क्षान्तान् दान्तांस्तथा प्राज्ञान् दीर्घकालं सहोषितान्। त्यजन्ति कृतकृत्या ये ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

kṣāntān dāntāṃstathā prājñān dīrghakālaṃ sahoṣitān| tyajanti kṛtakṛtyā ye te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

They who renounce persons gifted with forgiveness, selfcontrol and wisdom, or those with whom they have associated for many years when these are no longer of service to them have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.80

बालानामथ वृद्धानां दासानां चैव ये नराः। अदत्त्वा भक्षयन्त्यग्रे ते वै निरयगामिनः॥

bālānāmatha vṛddhānāṃ dāsānāṃ caiva ye narāḥ| adattvā bhakṣayantyagre te vai nirayagāminaḥ||

Those men who themselves eat without giving parts of the food to children, aged men and servants, have to sink in hell.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.81

एते पूर्वं विनिर्दिष्टाः प्रोक्ता निरयगामिनः। भागिनः स्वर्गलोकस्य वक्ष्यामि भरतर्षभ॥

ete pūrvaṃ vinirdiṣṭāḥ proktā nirayagāminaḥ| bhāginaḥ svargalokasya vakṣyāmi bharatarṣabha||

All these men numbered above have to go to hell. Listen now to me, O foremost of Bharata's race, as I tell you who those men are who ascend to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.82

सर्वेष्वेव तु कार्येषु दैवपूर्वेषु भारत। हन्ति पुत्रान् पशून् कृत्स्नान् ब्राह्मणातिक्रमः कृतः।।८४

sarveṣveva tu kāryeṣu daivapūrveṣu bhārata| hanti putrān paśūn kṛtsnān brāhmaṇātikramaḥ kṛtaḥ||84

The man who transgresses against a Brahmana by obstructing the adoration of gods, suffer from the loss of all his children and animals.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.83

दानेन तपसा चैव सत्येन च युधिष्ठि। ये धर्ममनुवर्तन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

dānena tapasā caiva satyena ca yudhiṣṭhi| ye dharmamanuvartante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men, O Yudhishthira, who perform the duties laid down in the scriptures for them, practising the virtues of charity self control and truthfulness, go to the celestial region.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.84

शुश्रूषाभिस्तपोभिश्च विद्यामादाय भारत। ये प्रतिग्रहनि:स्नेहास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

śuśrūṣābhistapobhiśca vidyāmādāya bhārata| ye pratigrahani:snehāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who having acquired knowledge by making obedient services to their preceptors and performing austere penances, are unwilling to accept gifts, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.85

भयात्पापात्तथा बाधाद् दारियाद् व्याधिधर्षणात्। यत्कृते प्रतिमुच्यन्ते ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

bhayātpāpāttathā bādhād dāriyād vyādhidharṣaṇāt| yatkṛte pratimucyante te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who save people from fear and sin and who remove the obstacles lying in the way of what they wish to accomplish and poverty and the sufferings of disease, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.86

क्षमावन्तश्च धीराश्च धर्मकार्येषु चोत्थिताः। मङ्गलाचारसम्पन्नाः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

kṣamāvantaśca dhīrāśca dharmakāryeṣu cotthitāḥ| maṅgalācārasampannāḥ puruṣāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who are gifted with a forgiving disposition, who are endued with patience, who are ready to perform all righteous rites, and who are of pure conduct, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.87

निवृत्ता मधुमांसेभ्यः परदारेभ्य एव च। निवृत्ताश्चैव मद्येभ्यस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

nivṛttā madhumāṃsebhyaḥ paradārebhya eva ca| nivṛttāścaiva madyebhyaste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who abstain from honey and meat, who abstain from sexual intercourse with the wives of other people, and who abstain from wines and spirituous liquors succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.88

आश्रमाणां च कर्तारः कुलानां चैव भारत। देशानां नगराणां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

āśramāṇāṃ ca kartāraḥ kulānāṃ caiva bhārata| deśānāṃ nagarāṇāṃ ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who help in the establishment of asylums for ascetics, who be come founders of families, O Bharata, who open up new countries for purposes of dwelling and implant towns and cities, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.89

वस्त्राभरणदातारो भक्तपानान्नदास्तथा। कुटुम्बानां च दातारः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

vastrābharaṇadātāro bhaktapānānnadāstathā| kuṭumbānāṃ ca dātāraḥ puruṣāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who distribute cloths and ornaments, as also food and drink, and who help in marrying others succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.90

सर्वहिंसानिवृत्ताश्च नराः सर्वसहाश्च ये। सर्वस्याश्रयभूताश्च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

sarvahiṃsānivṛttāśca narāḥ sarvasahāśca ye| sarvasyāśrayabhūtāśca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who have abstained from all sorts of injury or harm to all creatures, who can endure everything, and who have made themselves the refuge of all creatures succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.91

मातरं पितरं चैव शुश्रूषन्ति जितेन्द्रियाः। भ्रातृणां चैव सस्नेहास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

mātaraṃ pitaraṃ caiva śuśrūṣanti jitendriyāḥ| bhrātṛṇāṃ caiva sasnehāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who wait humbly upon their parents, who have controlled their senses, and who are affectionate towards their brothers, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.92

आढ्याश्च बलवन्तश्च यौवनस्थाश्च भारत। ये वै जितेन्द्रिया धीरास्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

āḍhyāśca balavantaśca yauvanasthāśca bhārata| ye vai jitendriyā dhīrāste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who master their senses though they are rich in worldly possessions, endued with robust constitution and gifted with youthful vigour, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.93

अपराधिषु सस्नेहा मृदवो मृदुवत्सलाः। आराधनसुखाश्चापि पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

aparādhiṣu sasnehā mṛdavo mṛduvatsalāḥ| ārādhanasukhāścāpi puruṣāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who are kind even towards the offenders who are of mild disposition, who have an affection for all who are of mild behaviour, and who contribute to the happiness of others by rendering them every kind of service in humility, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.94

सहस्रपरिवेष्टारस्तथैव च सहस्रदाः। त्रातारश्च सहस्राणां ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

sahasrapariveṣṭārastathaiva ca sahasradāḥ| trātāraśca sahasrāṇāṃ te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who protect thousands of people, who make gifts to thousands of people, and who rescue thousands of people from distress, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.95

सुवर्णस्य च दातारो गवां च भरतर्षभ। यानानां वाहनानां च नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

suvarṇasya ca dātāro gavāṃ ca bharatarṣabha| yānānāṃ vāhanānāṃ ca narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who make gifts of gold and of kine, O foremost of Bharata's race, as also of conveyances and animals, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.96

ते वैवाहिकानां द्रव्याणां प्रेष्याणां च युधिष्ठिर। दातारो वाससां चैव ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

te vaivāhikānāṃ dravyāṇāṃ preṣyāṇāṃ ca yudhiṣṭhira| dātāro vāsasāṃ caiva te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who give away such articles as are necessary in marriages, as also servants and maids, and cloths and robes succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.97

विहारावसथोद्यानकूपारामसभाप्रपाः। वप्राणां चैव कर्तारस्ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

vihārāvasathodyānakūpārāmasabhāprapāḥ| vaprāṇāṃ caiva kartāraste narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who make public pleasure houses, gardens, well, resting houses, and buildings for public meetings, and tanks for enabling cattle and men to satisfy their thirst and fields for cultivation, O Bharata succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.98

निवेशनानां क्षेत्राणां वसतीनां च भारत। दातारः प्रार्थितानां च ते नराः स्वर्गगामिनः।।१००।

niveśanānāṃ kṣetrāṇāṃ vasatīnāṃ ca bhārata| dātāraḥ prārthitānāṃ ca te narāḥ svargagāminaḥ||100|

Those men who give houses and fields and populated villages to persons that want them, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.99

रसानां चाथ बीजानां धान्यानां च युधिष्ठिर। स्वयमुत्पाद्य दातारः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

rasānāṃ cātha bījānāṃ dhānyānāṃ ca yudhiṣṭhira| svayamutpādya dātāraḥ puruṣāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those who having themselves manufactured drinks of sweet taste and seeds and paddy or rice, give them to others, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.100

यस्मिंस्तस्मिन् कुले जाता बहुपुत्राः शतायुषः। सानुक्रोशा जितक्रोधाः पुरुषाः स्वर्गगामिनः॥

yasmiṃstasmin kule jātā bahuputrāḥ śatāyuṣaḥ| sānukrośā jitakrodhāḥ puruṣāḥ svargagāminaḥ||

Those men who having been born in families high or low beget hundreds of children and live long lives, practising mercy and keeping anger under complete control, succeed in ascending to heaven.

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)

MBh 9 23.101

एतदुक्तममुत्रार्थं दैवं पित्र्यं च भारत। दानधर्मं च दानस्य यत् पूर्वमृषिभिः कृतम्॥

etaduktamamutrārthaṃ daivaṃ pitryaṃ ca bhārata| dānadharmaṃ ca dānasya yat pūrvamṛṣibhiḥ kṛtam||

I have thus explained to you, O Bharata, what the rites are in honour of the deities and the departed manes which are performed by people for the sake of the other world, what the ordinances are about making gifts, and what the views are of the Rishis of former times about both the articles of gift and the manner of giving them. inen

— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)