Mahabharata — Volume VII (Dutt edition) — Chapter 165
MBh 7 165.1
भीष्म उवाच हृतार्थो यक्ष्यमाणश्व सर्ववेदान्तगश्च यः। आचार्यपितृकार्यार्थं स्वाध्यायार्थमथापि च॥ एते वै दृष्टा ब्राह्मणा धर्मभिक्षवः। निःस्वेभ्यो देयमेतेभ्यो दानं विद्या च भारत॥ साधवो
bhīṣma uvāca hṛtārtho yakṣyamāṇaśva sarvavedāntagaśca yaḥ| ācāryapitṛkāryārthaṃ svādhyāyārthamathāpi ca|| ete vai dṛṣṭā brāhmaṇā dharmabhikṣavaḥ| niḥsvebhyo deyametebhyo dānaṃ vidyā ca bhārata|| sādhavo
Bhishma said Wealth and knowledge, O Bharata, should be given to such pious and impoverished Brahmanas as have been robbed of their wealth (by thieves), as are engaged in the celebration of sacrifices, as are well-read in all the Vedas, and as are desirous of acquiring the merit of righteousness, so that they may satisfy their duties to preceptors and the Pitris, and spend their days in reciting and studying the scriptures.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.2
अन्यत्र दक्षिणादानं देयं भरतसत्तम। अन्येभ्योऽपि बहिर्वेदि चाकृतान्नं विधीयते॥ सर्वरत्नानि राजा हि यथार्ह प्रतिपादयेत्।
anyatra dakṣiṇādānaṃ deyaṃ bharatasattama| anyebhyo'pi bahirvedi cākṛtānnaṃ vidhīyate|| sarvaratnāni rājā hi yathārha pratipādayet|
Only the Dakshina, O best of the Bharatas, should be given to those Brahmanas who are not poor. Uncooked food should be given beyond the limits of the sacrificial altar, to those Brahmanas that have fallen away in consequence of their sinful deeds) from their own dignity.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.3
ब्राह्मणा एव वेदाश्च यज्ञाश्च बहुदक्षिणाः। अन्योन्यं विभवाचारा यजन्ते गुणतः सदा॥
brāhmaṇā eva vedāśca yajñāśca bahudakṣiṇāḥ| anyonyaṃ vibhavācārā yajante guṇataḥ sadā||
The Brahmanas represent the Vedas themselves and all the sacrifices with profuse presents. Desirous of excelling one another, they always celebrate sacrifices, actuated by their various desires. The king should, therefore, make presents of various sorts of valuable wealth to them.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.4
यस्य त्रैवार्षिकं भक्तं पर्याप्तं भृत्यवृत्तये। अधिकं चापि विद्येत स सोमं पातुमर्हति॥
yasya traivārṣikaṃ bhaktaṃ paryāptaṃ bhṛtyavṛttaye| adhikaṃ cāpi vidyeta sa somaṃ pātumarhati||
That Brahmana who has sufficient stores for feeding his family for three or more years, deserves to drink the Soma.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.5
यज्ञश्चेत् प्रतिरुद्धः स्यादंशेनैकेन यज्वनः। ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण धार्मिके सति राजनि॥ यो वैश्यः स्याद् बहुपशु-नक्रतुरसोमपः। कुटुम्बात् तस्य तद् वित्तं यज्ञार्थं पार्थिवो हरेत्॥
yajñaścet pratiruddhaḥ syādaṃśenaikena yajvanaḥ| brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa dhārmike sati rājani|| yo vaiśyaḥ syād bahupaśu-nakraturasomapaḥ| kuṭumbāt tasya tad vittaṃ yajñārthaṃ pārthivo haret||
If inspite of the presence of a pious king on the throne, the sacrifice undertaken by any one, but especially by a Brahmana, cannot be completed for want of only a fulptrt of the estimated cost, then the king should, for the completion of that sacrifice, take away from his relatives the wealth of a Vaishya who has a farge flock of cattle but who is averse from sacrifices and abstains from drinking Soma.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.6
आहरेदथ नो किञ्चत् कामं शूद्रस्य वेश्मनः। न हि यज्ञेषु शूद्रस्य किञ्चिदस्ति परिग्रहः॥
āharedatha no kiñcat kāmaṃ śūdrasya veśmanaḥ| na hi yajñeṣu śūdrasya kiñcidasti parigrahaḥ||
The Shudra is not competent to celebrate a sacrifice. The king should, therefore, take away (wealth for such a purpose) from a Shudra's house.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.7
योऽनाहिताग्निः शतगुरयज्वा च सहस्रगुः। तयोरपि कुटुम्बाभ्यामाहरेदविचारयन्॥
yo'nāhitāgniḥ śatagurayajvā ca sahasraguḥ| tayorapi kuṭumbābhyāmāharedavicārayan||
The king should, also, unscrupulously take away from their kinsmen the wealth of him who does not celebrate sacrifices although he has a hundred kine, and also of him who does not perform sacrifices although he has a thousand kine.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.8
अदातृभ्यो हरेद् वित्तं विख्याप्य नृपतिः सदा। तथैवाचरतो धर्मो नृपते: स्यादथाखिलः॥
adātṛbhyo hared vittaṃ vikhyāpya nṛpatiḥ sadā| tathaivācarato dharmo nṛpate: syādathākhilaḥ||
The king should, always, publicly take away the wealth of a person who does not perform charities. By acting in this wise the King acquires great merit.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.9
तथैव शृणु मे भक्तं भक्तानि षडनश्नतः। अश्वस्तनविधानेन हर्तव्यं हीनकर्मणः॥ खलात् क्षेत्रात् तथा रामाद् यतो वाप्युपपद्यते। आख्यातव्यं नृपस्यैतत् पृच्छतेऽपृच्छतेऽपि वा॥
tathaiva śṛṇu me bhaktaṃ bhaktāni ṣaḍanaśnataḥ| aśvastanavidhānena hartavyaṃ hīnakarmaṇaḥ|| khalāt kṣetrāt tathā rāmād yato vāpyupapadyate| ākhyātavyaṃ nṛpasyaitat pṛcchate'pṛcchate'pi vā||
Listen again to me. That Brahmana who has been compelled by want to fast for three days, may take away without permission, according to the rule of a person who cares only for toclay and not for the morrow, only what is necessary for a single mcal, from the husking tub or the field or the garden or any other place of even a degraded man. He should, however, whether asked or unasked, inform the king of his deed.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.10
न तस्मै धारयेद् दण्डं राजा धर्मेण धर्मवित्। क्षत्रियस्य तु बालिश्या ब्राह्मणः क्लिश्यते क्षुधा॥
na tasmai dhārayed daṇḍaṃ rājā dharmeṇa dharmavit| kṣatriyasya tu bāliśyā brāhmaṇaḥ kliśyate kṣudhā||
If the king knows his own duty he should not punish such a Brahmana. He should remember that a Brahmana becomes stricken with hunger only through the fault of the Kshatriya.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.11
श्रुतशीले समाज्ञाय वृत्तिमस्य प्रकल्पयेत्। अथैनं परिरक्षेत पिता पुत्रमिवौरसम्॥
śrutaśīle samājñāya vṛttimasya prakalpayet| athainaṃ parirakṣeta pitā putramivaurasam||
Having learnt a Brahmana's learning and conduct, the king should provide for his living and protect him as a father protects his own begotten son.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.12
इष्टिं वैश्वानरों नित्यं निर्वयेदब्दपर्यये। अनुकल्पः परो परो धर्मो धर्मवादैस्तु केवलम्॥
iṣṭiṃ vaiśvānaroṃ nityaṃ nirvayedabdaparyaye| anukalpaḥ paro paro dharmo dharmavādaistu kevalam||
On the expiry of every year, one should celebrate the Vaishyanara sacrifice. Those who are conversant with religious codes say that the practice of an alternative act, does not destroy virtue.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.13
विश्वैर्देवैश्च साध्यैश्च ब्राह्मणैश्च महर्षिभिः। आपत्सु मरणाद् भीतैर्विधिः प्रतिनिधीकृतः॥
viśvairdevaiśca sādhyaiśca brāhmaṇaiśca maharṣibhiḥ| āpatsu maraṇād bhītairvidhiḥ pratinidhīkṛtaḥ||
Fearing death in seasons of distress, the Vishvedevas, the Saddhyas, the Brahmanas, and great Rishis, do not hesitate to follow the alternative provisions laid down in the scriptures.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.14
प्रभुः प्रथमकल्पस्य योऽनुकल्पे न वर्तते। न साम्परायिकं तस्य दुर्मतेर्विद्यते फलम्॥
prabhuḥ prathamakalpasya yo'nukalpe na vartate| na sāmparāyikaṃ tasya durmatervidyate phalam||
That man, however, who while able to live according to the first provision, as laid down above, follows the alternative, comes to be known as a wicked person and never succeeds in acquiring any happiness in heaven.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.15
न ब्राह्मणो निवेदेत किंचिद् राजनि वेदवित्। स्ववीर्याद् राजवीर्याच्च स्ववीर्यं बलवत्तरम्॥
na brāhmaṇo nivedeta kiṃcid rājani vedavit| svavīryād rājavīryācca svavīryaṃ balavattaram||
A Brahmana conversant with the Vedas should mention his power and knowledge to the king. Comparing again the power of a Brahmana with that of the king, the former will always be found to be superior to the latter. never
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.16
तस्माद् राज्ञः सदा तेजो दुःसहं ब्रह्मवादिनाम्। कर्ता शास्ता विधाता च ब्राह्मणो देव उच्यते॥
tasmād rājñaḥ sadā tejo duḥsahaṃ brahmavādinām| kartā śāstā vidhātā ca brāhmaṇo deva ucyate||
Therefore the power of the Brahmanas can hardly be borne or resisted by a king. The Brahmana is said to be creator, king, ordainer, and god.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.17
तस्मिन्नाकुशलं ब्रूयान्न शुष्कामीरयेद् गिरम्। क्षत्रियो बाहुवीर्येण तरेदापदमात्मनः॥
tasminnākuśalaṃ brūyānna śuṣkāmīrayed giram| kṣatriyo bāhuvīryeṇa taredāpadamātmanaḥ||
No abusive word or dry speeches, should be spoken to a Brahmana. The Kshatriya should get over all his difficulties by the help of the power of his arms.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.18
धनैवैश्यश्च शूद्रश्च मन्त्रैर्हो मैश्च वै द्विजः। नैव कन्या न युवति मन्त्रज्ञो न बालिशः॥ परिवेष्टाग्निहोत्रस्य भवेन्नासंस्कृतस्तथा। नरकं निपतन्त्येते जुह्वानाः स च यस्य तत्। तस्माद् वैतानकुशलो होता स्याद् वेदपारगः॥
dhanaivaiśyaśca śūdraśca mantrairho maiśca vai dvijaḥ| naiva kanyā na yuvati mantrajño na bāliśaḥ|| pariveṣṭāgnihotrasya bhavennāsaṃskṛtastathā| narakaṃ nipatantyete juhvānāḥ sa ca yasya tat| tasmād vaitānakuśalo hotā syād vedapāragaḥ||
The Vaishya and the Shudra should get over their difficulties by riches; the Brahmana should do so by Mantras and Homa. None of these, viz., a maiden, a young woman, a person unacquainted with Mantras, an ignorant person, or one who is impure, is competent to pour libations on the sacrificial fire. If any of these do so he or she is sure to go to hell, with him on whose behalf they act. Therefore none but a Brahmana well-read in the Vedas and skilled in all sacrifices should pour sacrificial libations.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.19
प्राजापत्यमदत्त्वाश्वमग्न्याधेयस्य दक्षिणाम्। अनाहिताग्निरिति स प्रोच्यते धर्मदर्शिभिः॥
prājāpatyamadattvāśvamagnyādheyasya dakṣiṇām| anāhitāgniriti sa procyate dharmadarśibhiḥ||
They who are well-acquainted with the scriptures hold that man who, having lighted the sacrificial fire, does not give away the dedicated food as Dakshina, is not the kindler of a sacrificial fire,
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.20
पुण्यानि यानि कुर्वीत श्रद्दधानो जितेन्द्रियः। अनाप्तदक्षिणैर्यज्ञैर्न यजेत कथञ्चन॥
puṇyāni yāni kurvīta śraddadhāno jitendriyaḥ| anāptadakṣiṇairyajñairna yajeta kathañcana||
A person should, after having controlled his senses, and with proper devotion, do all the meritorious acts. One should never adore gods in sacrifices in which no Dakshina is given.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.21
प्रजाः पशृंश्च स्वर्गे च हन्ति यज्ञो ह्यदक्षिणः। इन्द्रियाणि यशः कीर्तिमायुश्चाप्यवकृन्तति॥
prajāḥ paśṛṃśca svarge ca hanti yajño hyadakṣiṇaḥ| indriyāṇi yaśaḥ kīrtimāyuścāpyavakṛntati||
A sacrifice not completed with Dakshina, encompasses the destruction of one's children, animals, and heaven. Such a sacrifice destroys also the senses, the glory the achievements, and the very life, itself.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.22
उदक्यामासते ये च द्विजाः केचिदनग्नयः। होमं चाश्रोत्रियं येषां ते सर्वे पापकर्मिणः॥
udakyāmāsate ye ca dvijāḥ kecidanagnayaḥ| homaṃ cāśrotriyaṃ yeṣāṃ te sarve pāpakarmiṇaḥ||
Those Brahmanas who know women in their season, or who never celebrate sacrifices, or whose families have no members well-read in the Vedas, are considered as Shudras in act.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.23
उदपानोदके ग्रामे ब्राह्मणो वृषलीपतिः। उषित्वा द्वादश समाः शूद्रकर्मैव गच्छति॥
udapānodake grāme brāhmaṇo vṛṣalīpatiḥ| uṣitvā dvādaśa samāḥ śūdrakarmaiva gacchati||
That Brahmana who, having married a Shudra girl, lives for twelve years continually in a village which has only a well to give water, becomes a Shudra in act.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.24
अभार्यां शयने बिभ्रच्छूद्रं वृद्ध च वै द्विजः। अब्राह्मणं मन्यमानस्तुणेष्वासीत पृष्ठतः। तथा संशुध्यते राजशृणु चात्र वचो मम॥
abhāryāṃ śayane bibhracchūdraṃ vṛddha ca vai dvijaḥ| abrāhmaṇaṃ manyamānastuṇeṣvāsīta pṛṣṭhataḥ| tathā saṃśudhyate rājaśṛṇu cātra vaco mama||
That Brahmana who brings to his bed a maiden, or allows a Shudra, knowing him as deserving of respect, to sit upon the same carpet with him, should sit on a bed of dry grass behind some Kshatriya or Vaishya and show him respect in that way. It is in this way that he can be purified. Hear, O king, my words on this subject.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.25
यदेकरात्रेण करोति पापं निकृष्टवर्णं ब्राह्मणः सेवमान:। स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरन् व्रती स त्रिभिर्वर्षेः शमयेदात्मपापम्॥
yadekarātreṇa karoti pāpaṃ nikṛṣṭavarṇaṃ brāhmaṇaḥ sevamāna:| sthānāsanābhyāṃ viharan vratī sa tribhirvarṣeḥ śamayedātmapāpam||
The sin that a Brahmana perpetrates in one night by respectfully serving a member of a lower caste or by playing with him in the same spot or on the same bed, is purified by observing the practice of sitting behind by observing the practice of sitting behind a Kshatriya or a Vaishya on a bed of dry grass for three years continually.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.26
न नर्मयुक्तमनृतं हिनस्ति न स्त्रीषु राजन्न विवाहकाले। न गुर्वर्थं नात्मनो जीवितार्थे पञ्चानृतान्याहुरपातकानि॥
na narmayuktamanṛtaṃ hinasti na strīṣu rājanna vivāhakāle| na gurvarthaṃ nātmano jīvitārthe pañcānṛtānyāhurapātakāni||
An untruth spoken for jest is not sinful; nor one spoken at the time of wedding; nor one spoken for doing good to one's preceptor; nor one spoken for saving one's own life. These five sorts of falsehood in speech, it has been said, are not sinful.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.27
श्रद्दधानः शुभां विद्यां हीनादपि समाप्नुयात्। सुवर्णमपि चामेध्यादाददीताविचारयन्।॥
śraddadhānaḥ śubhāṃ vidyāṃ hīnādapi samāpnuyāt| suvarṇamapi cāmedhyādādadītāvicārayan|||
One may gain useful knowledge from even a person of degraded calling, with devotion and reverence. One may take up gold, unhesitatingly from even an unclean spot.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.28
स्त्रीरत्नं दुष्कुलाच्चापि विषादप्यमृतं पिबेत्। अदृष्या हि स्त्रियो रत्नमाप इत्येव धर्मतः॥
strīratnaṃ duṣkulāccāpi viṣādapyamṛtaṃ pibet| adṛṣyā hi striyo ratnamāpa ityeva dharmataḥ||
A woman who is the ornament of her sex may be married from even a vile race. Nectar, if extracted from poison, may be drunk; women, jewels and other valuables, as also water, can never, according to the scriptural injunction, be impure or unclean.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.29
गोब्राह्मणहितार्थं च वर्णानां संकरेषु च। वैश्यो गृह्णीत शस्त्राणि परित्राणार्थमात्मनः॥
gobrāhmaṇahitārthaṃ ca varṇānāṃ saṃkareṣu ca| vaiśyo gṛhṇīta śastrāṇi paritrāṇārthamātmanaḥ||
For the good of Brahmanas and kine, and on occasions when mixture of castes takes place, even a Vaishya may take up weapons for his own safety.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.30
सुरापानं ब्रह्महत्या गुरुतल्पमथापि वा। अनिर्देश्यानि मन्यन्ते प्राणान्तमिति धारणा॥
surāpānaṃ brahmahatyā gurutalpamathāpi vā| anirdeśyāni manyante prāṇāntamiti dhāraṇā||
Drinking wine, killing a Brahmana, and the violation of the preceptor's bed, are sins when committed consciously, can never be expiated. The only expiation laid down for them is death.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.31
सुवर्णहरणं स्तैन्यं विप्रस्वं चेति पातकम्। विहरन् मद्यपानाच्च अगम्यागमनादपि॥
suvarṇaharaṇaṃ stainyaṃ viprasvaṃ ceti pātakam| viharan madyapānācca agamyāgamanādapi||
The sarne may be said of stealing gold, and the theft of a Brahmana's property. By drinking winc, by knowing prohibited women, by mingling with a degraded person, by knowing a Brahmana's woman, one becomes for ever fallen.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.32
पतितैः सम्प्रयोगाच्च ब्राह्मणीयोनितस्तथा। अचिरेण महाराज पतितो वै भवत्युत॥
patitaiḥ samprayogācca brāhmaṇīyonitastathā| acireṇa mahārāja patito vai bhavatyuta||
By associating with a fallen person for one whole year in sacrifices and teaching and sexual intercourse, one becomes fallen. One, however, does not become so by associating with a fallen person in riding on the same car, sitting on the same seat, and eating in the same line.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.33
संवत्सरेण पतति पतितेन सहाचरन्। याजनाध्यापनाद् यौनान्न तु यानासनाशनात्॥
saṃvatsareṇa patati patitena sahācaran| yājanādhyāpanād yaunānna tu yānāsanāśanāt||
Excluding the five heinous sins that have been mentioned above, all other sins have expiations. Expiating those sins according to the ordinances laid down for them, one should not commit them again.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.34
एतानि हित्वातोऽन्यानि निर्देश्यानीति भारत। निर्देश्यानेन विधिना कालेनाव्यसनी भवेत्॥ अन्नं वीर्यं ग्रहीतव्यं प्रेतकर्मण्यपातिते। त्रिषु त्वेतेषु पूर्वेषु न कुर्वीत विचारणाम्॥
etāni hitvāto'nyāni nirdeśyānīti bhārata| nirdeśyānena vidhinā kālenāvyasanī bhavet|| annaṃ vīryaṃ grahītavyaṃ pretakarmaṇyapātite| triṣu tveteṣu pūrveṣu na kurvīta vicāraṇām||
Except all those, O Bharata! Many other sins have been described as removable by penance. Thus he gives up the sinful habit. Regarding those who have been guilty of the first three of these five sins, (namely, drinking wine, killing a Brahmana, and violation of the preceptor's bed), their (surviving) kinsmen have no restrictions about taking food and wearing ornaments, even if their funeral rites remain unperformed when they die. The surviving kinsmen need make no scruple about such things at such times.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.35
अमात्यान् वा गुरून् वापि जह्याद् धर्मेण धार्मिकः। प्रायश्चित्तमकुर्वाणै तैरर्हति संविदम्॥ अधर्मकारी धर्मेण तपसा हन्ति किल्विषम्। ब्रुवन् स्तेन इति स्तेनं तावत् प्राप्नोति किल्बिषम्॥
amātyān vā gurūn vāpi jahyād dharmeṇa dhārmikaḥ| prāyaścittamakurvāṇai tairarhati saṃvidam|| adharmakārī dharmeṇa tapasā hanti kilviṣam| bruvan stena iti stenaṃ tāvat prāpnoti kilbiṣam||
A virtuous man should, while observing his duties, discard his very friends and elders. In fact, so long as they do not perform expiation, the virtuous should not even talk with those sinners. A man who has committed sins dissipates them by acting virtuously afterwards and by penances. By calling a thief a thief, one conimits the sin of theft.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.36
अस्तेनं स्तेन इत्युक्त्वा द्विगुणं पापमाप्नुयात्। त्रिभागं ब्रह्महत्यायाः कन्या प्राप्नोति दुष्यती॥ यस्तु दूषयिता तस्याः शेषं प्राप्नोति पाप्मनः।
astenaṃ stena ityuktvā dviguṇaṃ pāpamāpnuyāt| tribhāgaṃ brahmahatyāyāḥ kanyā prāpnoti duṣyatī|| yastu dūṣayitā tasyāḥ śeṣaṃ prāpnoti pāpmanaḥ|
By calling a person thief who, however, is not a thief, one commits a sin just double the sin of theft. The maiden who spoils her virginity incurs three-fourths of the sin of Brahmanicide, while the man who knows her incurs a sin equal to a fourth part of that of Brahmanicide.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.37
ब्राह्मणानवगर्नेह स्पृष्ट्वा गुरुतरं भवेत्॥ वर्षाणां हि शतं तावत् प्रतिष्ठां नाधिगच्छति।
brāhmaṇānavagarneha spṛṣṭvā gurutaraṃ bhavet|| varṣāṇāṃ hi śataṃ tāvat pratiṣṭhāṃ nādhigacchati|
By speaking against Brahmanas or by striking them, one sinks in infamy for a hundred years.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.38
सहस्रं चैव वर्षाणां निपत्य नरकं वसेत्॥ तस्मान्नैवावगर्खेत नैव जातु निपातयेत्।
sahasraṃ caiva varṣāṇāṃ nipatya narakaṃ vaset|| tasmānnaivāvagarkheta naiva jātu nipātayet|
By slaying a Brahmana one undergoes the torments of hell for a thousand years. No one should, therefore, speak ill of a Brahmana or slay him.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.39
शोणितं यावत: पांसून् संगृह्णीयाद् द्विजक्षतात्॥ तावती: स समा राजन् नरके प्रतिपद्यते।
śoṇitaṃ yāvata: pāṃsūn saṃgṛhṇīyād dvijakṣatāt|| tāvatī: sa samā rājan narake pratipadyate|
If a man wounds a Brahmana with a weapon, he will have to live in hell for as many years as the grains of dust that are soaked by the blood flowing from the body of the wounded.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.40
भ्रूणहाऽऽहवमध्ये तु शुद्ध्यते शस्त्रपाततः॥ आत्मानं जुहुयादग्नौ समिद्धे तेन शुद्ध्यते।
bhrūṇahā''havamadhye tu śuddhyate śastrapātataḥ|| ātmānaṃ juhuyādagnau samiddhe tena śuddhyate|
One guilty of foeticide becomes purified if he dies of wounds received in battle fought for the sake of kine and Brahmanas. He may also be purified by casting his person on a burning fire.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.41
सुरापो वारुणीमुष्णां पीत्वा पापाद् विमुच्यते॥ तया स काये निर्दग्धे मृत्युं वा प्राप्य शुद्ध्यति। लोकांश्च लभते विप्रो नान्यथा लभते हि सः॥
surāpo vāruṇīmuṣṇāṃ pītvā pāpād vimucyate|| tayā sa kāye nirdagdhe mṛtyuṃ vā prāpya śuddhyati| lokāṃśca labhate vipro nānyathā labhate hi saḥ||
A drinker of spirituous liquors becomes purified by drinking hot spirit. He is purified by his death, brought on by that hot drink, in the other world. A Brahmana stained by such a sin attains regions of felicity by such a course, and such a course only, and not by any other.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.42
गुरुतल्पमधिष्ठाय दुरात्मा पापचेतनः। स्त्र्याकारां प्रतिमां लिंग्य मृत्युना सोऽभिशुद्ध्यति॥
gurutalpamadhiṣṭhāya durātmā pāpacetanaḥ| stryākārāṃ pratimāṃ liṃgya mṛtyunā so'bhiśuddhyati||
The wicked and sinful wretch who violates the bed of a preceptor, becomes purified by the death that results from embracing a heated iron statue of a female.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.43
अथवा शिश्नवृषणावादायाञ्जलिना स्वयम्॥ नैर्ऋती दिशमास्थाय निपतेत् स त्वजिह्मगः।
athavā śiśnavṛṣaṇāvādāyāñjalinā svayam|| nairṛtī diśamāsthāya nipatet sa tvajihmagaḥ|
Or, emasculating himself and cutting off his organ, and bearing them in his hands, he should go straight way towards the south-west and then give up his ghost.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.44
ब्राह्मणार्थेऽपि वा प्राणान् संत्यजेत् तेन शुद्ध्यति॥ अश्वमेधेन वापीष्ट्वा अथवा गोसवेन वा। अग्निष्टोमेन वा सम्यगिह प्रेत्य च पूज्यते॥
brāhmaṇārthe'pi vā prāṇān saṃtyajet tena śuddhyati|| aśvamedhena vāpīṣṭvā athavā gosavena vā| agniṣṭomena vā samyagiha pretya ca pūjyate||
Or, he may cleanse himself of all his sins, by meeting with death for the sake of benefiting a Brahmana. Or, he may regain esteem both in this world and in the next by performing a Horse-sacrifice or a Cowsacrifice or an Agnishtoma.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.45
तथैव द्वादशसमाः कपाली ब्रह्महा भवेत्। ब्रह्मचारी भवेन्नित्यं स्वकर्म ख्यापयन् मुनिः॥
tathaiva dvādaśasamāḥ kapālī brahmahā bhavet| brahmacārī bhavennityaṃ svakarma khyāpayan muniḥ||
The killer of a Brahmana should practise the vow of Brahmacharya for twelve years, and devoting himself to penances, he should wander, holding in his hands the skull of the killed all the time and the time and proclaiming his sin to all. on
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.46
एवं वा तपसा युक्तो ब्रह्महा सवनी भवेत्। एवं तु समभिज्ञातामात्रेयीं वा निपातयेत्॥
evaṃ vā tapasā yukto brahmahā savanī bhavet| evaṃ tu samabhijñātāmātreyīṃ vā nipātayet||
He should even adopt such a course, devoted to penances and leading the life of an ascetic. Even such is the expiation provided for one who skills a woman quick with child, knowing her condition.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.47
द्विगुणा ब्रह्महत्या वै आत्रेयीनिधने भवेत्। सुरापो नियताहारो ब्रह्मचारी क्षितीशयः॥ ऊर्ध्वं त्रिभ्योऽपि वर्षेभ्यो यजेताग्निष्टुता परम्। ऋषभैकसहस्रं वा गा दत्त्वा शौचमाप्नुयात्॥
dviguṇā brahmahatyā vai ātreyīnidhane bhavet| surāpo niyatāhāro brahmacārī kṣitīśayaḥ|| ūrdhvaṃ tribhyo'pi varṣebhyo yajetāgniṣṭutā param| ṛṣabhaikasahasraṃ vā gā dattvā śaucamāpnuyāt||
The man that knowingly kills such a woman incurs double the sin that follows from Brahmanicide. A drinker of spirituous liquor should live spare diet, practising Brahmacharya vows, and sleep on the naked earth, and perform, for more than three years the sacrifice next to the Agnishtoma. He should then present a thousand kine with one bull (to a good Brahmana). He would then regain his purily by doing all this.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.48
वैश्यं हत्वा तु वर्षे द्वे ऋषभैकशतं च गाः। शूद्रं हत्वाब्दमेवैकमृषभं च शतं च गाः॥ श्ववराहखरान् हत्वा शौद्रमेव व्रतं चरेत्।
vaiśyaṃ hatvā tu varṣe dve ṛṣabhaikaśataṃ ca gāḥ| śūdraṃ hatvābdamevaikamṛṣabhaṃ ca śataṃ ca gāḥ|| śvavarāhakharān hatvā śaudrameva vrataṃ caret|
Having killed a Vaishya one Vaishya one should perform such a sacrifice for two years and present a hundred kine with one bull. Having killed a Shudra, one should perform such a sacrifice for one year and present a hundred kine with one bull. Having killed a dog or a bear or a camel, one should perform the same penance that is laid down for killing a Shudra.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.49
मार्जारचाषमण्डूकान् काकं व्यालं च मूषिकम्॥ उक्तः पशुसमो दोषो राजन् प्राणिनिपातनात्।
mārjāracāṣamaṇḍūkān kākaṃ vyālaṃ ca mūṣikam|| uktaḥ paśusamo doṣo rājan prāṇinipātanāt|
For killing a cat, a chasa, a frog, a crow, a reptile or a rat, it has been said, one incurs the sin of animal slaughter O king.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.50
प्रायश्चित्तान्यथान्यानि प्रवक्ष्याम्यनुपूर्वशः॥ अल्पे वाप्यथ शोचेत पृथक् संवत्सरं चरेत्।
prāyaścittānyathānyāni pravakṣyāmyanupūrvaśaḥ|| alpe vāpyatha śoceta pṛthak saṃvatsaraṃ caret|
I shall now tell you of other kinds of expiations one after the other. For all minor sins one should repent or practise some vow for one year.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.51
त्रीणि श्रोत्रियभार्यायां परदारे च द्वे स्मृते॥ काले चतुर्थे भुञ्जानो ब्रह्मचारी व्रती भवेत्।
trīṇi śrotriyabhāryāyāṃ paradāre ca dve smṛte|| kāle caturthe bhuñjāno brahmacārī vratī bhavet|
For ravishing the wife of a Brahmana well read in the Vedas, one should, for three years, practise the vow of Brahmacharya, living on spare diet at the fourth part of the day. For ravishing any other woman one should undergo similar penances for two years.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.52
स्थानासनाभ्यां विहरेत् त्रिरह्नाभ्युपयन्नपः। एवमेव निराकर्ता यश्चाग्नीनपविध्यति॥
sthānāsanābhyāṃ viharet trirahnābhyupayannapaḥ| evameva nirākartā yaścāgnīnapavidhyati||
For enjoying oneself in the company of a woman as by sitting with her on the same spot or on the same seat, one should live only on water for three days. By doing this he may purify himself of his sin. The same is laid down for one who befouls a burning fire (by throwing impure things on it.)
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.53
त्यजत्यकारणे यश्च पितरं मातरं गुरुम्। पतितः स्यात्स कौरव्य यथा धर्मेषु निश्चयः॥ ग्रासाच्छादनमात्रं तु दद्यादिति निदर्शनम्। (ब्रह्मचारी द्विजेभ्यश्च दत्त्वा पापात् प्रपुच्यते।) भार्यायां व्यभिचारिण्यां निरुद्धायां विशेषतः। यत् पुंसः परदारेषु तदेनां चारयेद् व्रतम्॥
tyajatyakāraṇe yaśca pitaraṃ mātaraṃ gurum| patitaḥ syātsa kauravya yathā dharmeṣu niścayaḥ|| grāsācchādanamātraṃ tu dadyāditi nidarśanam| (brahmacārī dvijebhyaśca dattvā pāpāt prapucyate|) bhāryāyāṃ vyabhicāriṇyāṃ niruddhāyāṃ viśeṣataḥ| yat puṃsaḥ paradāreṣu tadenāṃ cārayed vratam||
He who, without sufficient reason leaves his father or mother or preceptor, forsooth, becomes degraded, O ye scion of Kuru's race, as is laid down in the scriptures. Only food and clothes shall be given to a wife guilty of fornication or one confined in a prison. Indeed, the vows that are laid down for a male person guilty of fornication should also be forced on a woman who is as well guilty of the same.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.54
श्रेयांसं शयनं हित्वा यान्यं पापं निगच्छति। श्वभिस्तामर्दयेद् राजा संस्थाने बहुविस्तरे॥
śreyāṃsaṃ śayanaṃ hitvā yānyaṃ pāpaṃ nigacchati| śvabhistāmardayed rājā saṃsthāne bahuvistare||
That woman who abandoning a husband of a superior caste, commits adultery with a vile person (of a lower order), should be made by the king to be devoured by dogs in a public place in the midst of a large number of spectators.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.55
पुमांसमुन्नयेत् प्राज्ञः शयने तप्त आयसे। अप्यादधीत दारूणि तत्र दह्येत पापकृत्॥
pumāṃsamunnayet prājñaḥ śayane tapta āyase| apyādadhīta dārūṇi tatra dahyeta pāpakṛt||
A wise king should make the male person, committing adultery under such circumstances to be placed upon a heated bed of iron and then, placing woods underneath, burn the sinner thereon.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.56
एष दण्डो महाराज स्त्रीणां भर्तृष्वतिक्रमात्। संवत्सरोऽभिशस्तस्य दुष्टस्य द्विगुणो भवेत्॥
eṣa daṇḍo mahārāja strīṇāṃ bhartṛṣvatikramāt| saṃvatsaro'bhiśastasya duṣṭasya dviguṇo bhavet||
The same punishment, O king, holds for the woman who is guilty of adultery. The wicked sinner who does not perform expiatory rite within a year of the perpetration of the sin incurs demerit that is double of what attaches to the original sin.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.57
द्वे तस्य त्रीणि वर्षाणि चत्वारि सहसेविनि। कुचरः पञ्चवर्षाणि चरेद् भैक्ष्यं मुनिव्रतः॥
dve tasya trīṇi varṣāṇi catvāri sahasevini| kucaraḥ pañcavarṣāṇi cared bhaikṣyaṃ munivrataḥ||
One who mixes with such a person for two years must walk over the Earth, devoting himself to penances and living upon alms. One mixing with a sinner for four years should follow such a mode of life for five years.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.58
परिवित्तिः परिवेत्ता या चैव परिविद्यते। पाणिग्रहास्त्वधर्मेण सर्वे ते पतिताः स्मृताः॥
parivittiḥ parivettā yā caiva parividyate| pāṇigrahāstvadharmeṇa sarve te patitāḥ smṛtāḥ||
If a young brother marries before his elder brother, then the younger brother, the elder brother, and the woman that is married, all three, on account of such wedding, become degraded.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.59
चरेयुः सर्व एवैते वीरहा यद् व्रतं चरेत्। चान्द्रायणं चरेन्मासं कृच्छ्रे वा पापशुद्धये॥ परिवेत्ता प्रयच्छेत तां स्नुषां परिवित्तये।
careyuḥ sarva evaite vīrahā yad vrataṃ caret| cāndrāyaṇaṃ carenmāsaṃ kṛcchre vā pāpaśuddhaye|| parivettā prayaccheta tāṃ snuṣāṃ parivittaye|
All of them should observe the vows laid down for a person who has neglected his sacrificial fire, or practise the of Chandrayana for month, or some other painful vow, for purging themselves off their sin.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.60
ज्येष्ठेन त्वभ्यनुज्ञातो यवीयानप्यनन्तरम्। एवं च मोक्षमाप्नोति तौ च सा चैव धर्मतः॥
jyeṣṭhena tvabhyanujñāto yavīyānapyanantaram| evaṃ ca mokṣamāpnoti tau ca sā caiva dharmataḥ||
The younger brother, marrying should give his wife to his unmarried elder brother. Having acquired the permission of the elder brother, the younger brother may take back his wife. By such means all three may be cleansed of their sin.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.61
अमानुषीषु गोवामनावृष्टिर्न दुष्यति। अधिष्ठात्रवमन्तारं पशूनां पुरुषं विदुः॥
amānuṣīṣu govāmanāvṛṣṭirna duṣyati| adhiṣṭhātravamantāraṃ paśūnāṃ puruṣaṃ viduḥ||
By killing animals except a cow, the killer is not stained. The learned hold that man has supremacy over all the lower animals.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.62
परिधायोर्ध्ववालं तु पात्रमादाय मृन्मयम्। चरेत् सप्तगृहान्नित्यं स्वकर्म परिकीर्तयन्।॥ तत्रैव लब्धभोजी स्याद् द्वादशाहात्स शुद्ध्यति। चरेत् संवत्सरं चापि तद् व्रतं येन कृन्तति॥
paridhāyordhvavālaṃ tu pātramādāya mṛnmayam| caret saptagṛhānnityaṃ svakarma parikīrtayan||| tatraiva labdhabhojī syād dvādaśāhātsa śuddhyati| caret saṃvatsaraṃ cāpi tad vrataṃ yena kṛntati||
Holding in his hand a yak-tail and an earthen pot, a sinner should go about, giving a publicity to his sin. He should every day beg of only seven families, and live upon what may thus be got. By doing this for twelve days he may be purified of his sin. He who cannot hold in his hand the yak-tail while practising this vow should become a mendicant (as stated above) for one whole year.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.63
भवेत्तु मानुषेष्वेवं प्रायश्चित्तमनुत्तमम्। दानं वा दानशक्तेषु सर्वमेतत् प्रकल्पयेत्॥
bhavettu mānuṣeṣvevaṃ prāyaścittamanuttamam| dānaṃ vā dānaśakteṣu sarvametat prakalpayet||
Amongst men such expiation ranks foremost. The practice of charity has been sanctioned in all such cases for those that are able to practise charity.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.64
अनास्तिकेषु गोमात्रं दानमेकं प्रचक्षते। ववराहमनुष्याणां कुक्कुटस्य खरस्य च॥
anāstikeṣu gomātraṃ dānamekaṃ pracakṣate| vavarāhamanuṣyāṇāṃ kukkuṭasya kharasya ca||
Those who have faith and virtue may purify themselves by giving away only one cow.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)
MBh 7 165.65
मांसं मूत्रं पुरीषं च प्राश्य संस्कारमर्हति। ब्राह्मणास्तु सुरापस्य गन्धमादाय सोमपः॥ अपस्त्र्यहं पिबेदुष्णं त्र्यहमुष्णं पयः पिबेत्। त्र्यहमुष्णं पयः पीत्वा वायुभक्षो भवेत् त्र्यहम्॥ एवमेतत् समुद्दिष्टं प्रायश्चित्तं सनातनम्। ब्राह्मणस्य विशेषेण यदज्ञानेन सम्भवेत्॥
māṃsaṃ mūtraṃ purīṣaṃ ca prāśya saṃskāramarhati| brāhmaṇāstu surāpasya gandhamādāya somapaḥ|| apastryahaṃ pibeduṣṇaṃ tryahamuṣṇaṃ payaḥ pibet| tryahamuṣṇaṃ payaḥ pītvā vāyubhakṣo bhavet tryaham|| evametat samuddiṣṭaṃ prāyaścittaṃ sanātanam| brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa yadajñānena sambhavet||
One who eats or drinks the flesh, ordure, or urine of a dog, a boar, a man, a cock or a camel must have the ceremony of putting on the sacred thread performed again. If a Somadrinking Brahmana smells alcohol from the mouth of one who has drunk it, he should drink warm water for three days or warm milk for the same period. Or, drinking warm water for three days he should live for that period upon air alone. These are the eternal injunctions prescribed for the expiation of sin, especially for a Brahmana who has perpetrated these sins through ignorance and want of judgement.
— tr. M.N. Dutt (1891–96) (public domain)