Garuda Purana — Purva Khanda — Chapter 205
GaP 1 205.1
श्रीगरुडमहापुराणम्- २०५ कुमार उवाच । अथ व्याकरणं वक्ष्ये कात्यायन समासतः । सिद्धशब्दविवेकाय बालव्युत्पत्तिहेतवे
śrīgaruḍamahāpurāṇam- 205 kumāra uvāca / atha vyākaraṇaṃ vakṣye kātyāyana samāsataḥ / siddhaśabdavivekāya bālavyutpattihetave
The Garuḍa Mahāpurāṇa, chapter 205. Kumāra said: Now I shall state grammar in brief, O Kātyāyana, for the discernment of correct words, for the sake of beginners' derivation (of forms).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.2
सुप्तिङन्तं पदं ख्यातं सुपः सप्त विभक्तयः । स्वौजसः प्रथमा प्रोक्ता सा प्रातिपदिकात्मके
suptiṅantaṃ padaṃ khyātaṃ supaḥ sapta vibhaktayaḥ / svaujasaḥ prathamā proktā sā prātipadikātmake
A pada is declared to be that which ends in sup or tiṅ; the sups are the seven case-endings. Su, au and jas are called the first (case); it (applies) when the bare nominal stem's own sense (is to be expressed),
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.3
सम्बोधने च लिङ्गादावुक्ते कर्मणि कर्तरि । अर्थवत्प्रातिपदिकं धातुप्रत्ययवर्जितम्
sambodhane ca liṅgādāvukte karmaṇi kartari / arthavatprātipadikaṃ dhātupratyayavarjitam
and in address, when gender, number and the rest are meant, and in an object or agent already expressed (by the verb). A prātipadika is (a form) that has meaning and is free of root and suffix.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.4
अमौशसो द्वितीया स्यात्तत्कर्म क्रियते च यत् । द्वितीया कर्मणि प्रोक्तान्तरान्तरेण संयुते
amauśaso dvitīyā syāttatkarma kriyate ca yat / dvitīyā karmaṇi proktāntarāntareṇa saṃyute
Am, auṭ and śas would be the second (case); and the karma is that which is acted upon; the second is stated for the object, and when joined with antarā or antareṇa.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.5
टाभ्यांभिसस्तृतीया स्यात्करणे कर्तरीरिता । येन क्रियते करणं तत्कर्ता यः करोति सः
ṭābhyāṃbhisastṛtīyā syātkaraṇe kartarīritā / yena kriyate karaṇaṃ tatkartā yaḥ karoti saḥ
Ṭā, bhyām and bhis are the third; it is stated for the instrument and the agent: the instrument is that by which (an act) is done; the agent is he who does it.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.6
ङेभ्यांभ्यसश्चतुर्थो स्यात्सम्प्रदाने च कारके । यस्मै दित्सा धारयते रोचते सम्प्रदानकम्
ṅebhyāṃbhyasaścaturtho syātsampradāne ca kārake / yasmai ditsā dhārayate rocate sampradānakam
Ṅe, bhyām and bhyas would be the fourth, and (it is used) for the sampradāna kāraka: he to whom one intends to give, for whom one holds (something), to whom (something) is pleasing, is the sampradāna.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.7
पञ्चमी स्यान्ङसिभ्यांभ्योह्यपादाने च कारके । यतो ऽपैति समादत्ते उपादत्ते भयं यतः
pañcamī syānṅasibhyāṃbhyohyapādāne ca kārake / yato 'paiti samādatte upādatte bhayaṃ yataḥ
The fifth would be ṅasi, bhyām and bhyas, and (it is used) for the apādāna kāraka: that from which one moves away, from which one takes, from which one receives fear.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.8
ङसोसामश्च षष्ठी स्यात्स्वामिसम्बन्धमुख्यके । ङयोः सुपो वै सप्तमी स्यात्सा चाधिकरणे भवेत्
ṅasosāmaśca ṣaṣṭhī syātsvāmisambandhamukhyake / ṅayoḥ supo vai saptamī syātsā cādhikaraṇe bhavet
Ṅas, os and ām are the sixth, chiefly in the relation of ownership; ṅi, os and sup make the seventh, and it occurs for the locus.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.9
आधारश्चाधिकरणं रक्षार्थानां प्रयोगतः । ईप्सितं चानीप्सितं यत्तदपादानकं स्मृतम्
ādhāraścādhikaraṇaṃ rakṣārthānāṃ prayogataḥ / īpsitaṃ cānīpsitaṃ yattadapādānakaṃ smṛtam
The support is the adhikaraṇa. With verbs meaning 'to protect', by (their) usage, that which is wished for and that which is not wished for is regarded as apādāna.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.10
पञ्चमी पर्युपाङ्योगे इतरर्ते ऽन्यदिङ्मुखे । एनयोगे द्वितीया स्यात्कर्मप्रवचनीयकैः
pañcamī paryupāṅyoge itararte 'nyadiṅmukhe / enayoge dvitīyā syātkarmapravacanīyakaiḥ
The fifth (is used) in construction with pari, upa and aṅ, and with ṛte, in the sense of facing another direction; in construction with 'ena' the second occurs, by means of the karmapravacanīya particles.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.11
वीप्सेत्थम्भावचिह्ने ऽभिर्भागेनैव परिप्रती । अनुरेषु सहार्थे च हीने ऽनूपश्च कथ्यते
vīpsetthambhāvacihne 'bhirbhāgenaiva paripratī / anureṣu sahārthe ca hīne 'nūpaśca kathyate
Abhi (is a karmapravacanīya) as a mark of repetition and of 'being thus'; pari and prati precisely in the sense of a share; anu in the sense of 'among', of 'together with', and of deficiency; and anu is also called upa(?).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.12
द्वितीया च चतुर्थो स्याच्चेष्टायां गतिकर्मणि । अप्राणे हि विभक्ती द्बे मन्यकर्मण्यनादरे
dvitīyā ca caturtho syācceṣṭāyāṃ gatikarmaṇi / aprāṇe hi vibhaktī dbe manyakarmaṇyanādare
The second and the fourth may occur in the case of a movement-object when (mere) intention (is meant); with an inanimate thing indeed the two case-endings (are allowed); and with the object of 'manya' when disrespect is meant.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.13
नमः स्वस्तिस्वधास्वाहालंवषड्योग ईरिता । चतुर्थो चैव तादर्थ्ये तुमर्थाद्भाववाचिनः
namaḥ svastisvadhāsvāhālaṃvaṣaḍyoga īritā / caturtho caiva tādarthye tumarthādbhāvavācinaḥ
In construction with namaḥ, svasti, svadhā, svāhā, alam and vaṣaṭ, (the fourth) is stated; and the fourth also in the sense of purpose, after a word denoting an action-noun used in the sense of the infinitive.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.14
तृतीया सहयोगे स्यात्कुत्सितेङ्गे विशेषणे । काले भावे सप्तमी स्यादेतैर्योगे ऽपिषष्ठ्यति
tṛtīyā sahayoge syātkutsiteṅge viśeṣaṇe / kāle bhāve saptamī syādetairyoge 'piṣaṣṭhyati
The third (instrumental) case applies in construction with saha ("together with"), and with a defective limb (of the body) when a qualifier is present; the seventh (locative) applies for time and for a state of affairs; and when these (words) are construed, the sixth (genitive) also (may be used).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.15
स्वामीश्वराधिपतिभिः साक्षिदायादप्रसूतैः । निर्धारणे द्वे विभक्तो षष्ठी हेतुप्रयोगके
svāmīśvarādhipatibhiḥ sākṣidāyādaprasūtaiḥ / nirdhāraṇe dve vibhakto ṣaṣṭhī hetuprayogake
With (the words) svāmin, īśvara, adhipati, sākṣin, dāyāda, prasūta, and in the sense of singling out (nirdhāraṇa), two case-endings (are allowed); the sixth (genitive) when a cause is employed.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.16
स्मृत्यर्थकर्मणि तथा करोतेः प्रतियत्नके । हिंसार्थानां प्रयोगे च कृति कर्मणि कर्तरि
smṛtyarthakarmaṇi tathā karoteḥ pratiyatnake / hiṃsārthānāṃ prayoge ca kṛti karmaṇi kartari
Likewise (the sixth) in the object of verbs meaning "to remember", with kṛ in the sense of transforming (something already made), and in the employment of words meaning injury; with kṛt-suffixes, for the object and for the agent.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.17
न कर्तृकर्मणोः षष्ठी निष्ठयोः प्रातिपदिके । द्विविधं प्रातिपदिकं नाम धातुस्तथैव च
na kartṛkarmaṇoḥ ṣaṣṭhī niṣṭhayoḥ prātipadike / dvividhaṃ prātipadikaṃ nāma dhātustathaiva ca
The sixth is not (used) for agent and object with the two niṣṭhā (participial) suffixes, (nor) in the nominal stem. The nominal stem is of two kinds, and so likewise is the verbal root.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.18
भूवान्दिभ्यस्तिङो लः स्याल्लकारा दश वै स्मृताः । तिप्तसूझि प्रथमो मध्यः सिप्थस्थोत्तमपूरुषः
bhūvāndibhyastiṅo laḥ syāllakārā daśa vai smṛtāḥ / tiptasūjhi prathamo madhyaḥ sipthasthottamapūruṣaḥ
From (the roots) bhū and the rest come the tiṅ (endings); la is (the general marker), and the lakāras are held to be ten. tip, tas, jhi are the first person; sip, thas, tha the middle person; (mip, vas, mas) the uttama person.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.19
मिब्वस्मस्तु परस्मै हि पदानां चात्मनेपदम् । ताताञ्झ प्रथमो मध्य स्थासाथान्ध्वमथोत्तमः
mibvasmastu parasmai hi padānāṃ cātmanepadam / tātāñjha prathamo madhya sthāsāthāndhvamathottamaḥ
mip, vas, mas belong to the parasmaipada; and the ātmanepada of the endings (is): ta, ātām, jha the first person; thās, āthām, dhvam the middle; then the uttama.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.20
आदेशा इड्बहिमहि धातुतोथ णिजादिवत् । नाम्नि प्रयुज्यमाने ऽपि प्रथमः पुरुषो भवेत्
ādeśā iḍbahimahi dhātutotha ṇijādivat / nāmni prayujyamāne 'pi prathamaḥ puruṣo bhavet
The substitutes are iṭ, vahi, mahi; then, from the root, (the forms behave) like those with ṇic and the rest. Even when a noun is used (as the subject), the first person is employed.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.21
मध्यमो युष्मदि प्रोक्त उत्तमः पुरुषो ऽस्मदि । भूवाद्या धातवः प्रोक्ताः सनाद्यन्तास्तथा ततः
madhyamo yuṣmadi prokta uttamaḥ puruṣo 'smadi / bhūvādyā dhātavaḥ proktāḥ sanādyantāstathā tataḥ
The middle person is prescribed with yuṣmad ("you"), the uttama person with asmad ("I/we"). The roots declared are those beginning with bhū, and then likewise those ending in san and the rest (derivative stems).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
GaP 1 205.22
लडीरितो वर्तमाने स्मेनातीते च धातुतः । भूते ऽनद्यतने लङ्वा लोडाद्याशिषि धातुतः
laḍīrito vartamāne smenātīte ca dhātutaḥ / bhūte 'nadyatane laṅvā loḍādyāśiṣi dhātutaḥ
laṭ is taught for the present, and, with sma, for the past, (formed) from the root; for the past not of today, laṅ; loṭ and the rest, from the root, in benediction.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.23
विध्यादावेवानुमतो लोड्वाच्यो मन्त्रणे भवेत् । निमन्त्रणाधीष्टसंप्रश्रे प्रार्थनेषु तथाशिषि
vidhyādāvevānumato loḍvācyo mantraṇe bhavet / nimantraṇādhīṣṭasaṃpraśre prārthaneṣu tathāśiṣi
loṭ is to be used in injunction and the rest, in permission, and it occurs in consultation; in invitation, in respectful request, in inquiry, in entreaties, and likewise in benediction.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
GaP 1 205.24
लिङतीते परोक्षे स्याल्लिड् भूते ऌड् भविष्यति । स्यादनद्यतने तद्वद्भविष्यति तु धातुतः
liṅatīte parokṣe syālliḍ bhūte ḷḍ bhaviṣyati / syādanadyatane tadvadbhaviṣyati tu dhātutaḥ
liṅ (is used) for the past...; liṭ for the remote, unwitnessed past; ḷṭ (luṭ) for the future; likewise for what is not of today; but (lṛṭ) for the future, (formed) from the root.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain