Brahmanda Purana — Purva Bhaga — Chapter 21
BndP 1 21.1
सूत उवाच सूर्या चन्द्रमसावेतौ भ्रमतो यावदेव तु । प्रकाशैस्तु प्रभाभिस्तौ मण्डलाभ्यां समुच्छ्रितौ
sūta uvāca sūryā candramasāvetau bhramato yāvadeva tu / prakāśaistu prabhābhistau maṇḍalābhyāṃ samucchritau
Sūta said: These two, the sun and the moon, revolve just so far; and by their light and their radiance the two are raised high with their discs.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.2
सप्तानां तु समुद्राणां द्वीपानां सतु विस्तरः । विस्तरार्द्धे पृथिव्यास्तु भवेदन्यत्र बाह्यतः
saptānāṃ tu samudrāṇāṃ dvīpānāṃ satu vistaraḥ / vistarārddhe pṛthivyāstu bhavedanyatra bāhyataḥ
The extent (illumined) is that of the seven oceans and the continents; and elsewhere, on the outside, it would be half the extent of the earth.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.3
पर्यासपरिमाणं तु चन्द्रादित्यौ प्रकाशतः । पर्यास्तात्पारिमाण्येन भूमेस्तुल्यं दिवं स्मृतम्
paryāsaparimāṇaṃ tu candrādityau prakāśataḥ / paryāstātpārimāṇyena bhūmestulyaṃ divaṃ smṛtam
The measure of the circuit which the moon and the sun illumine — by that measure of circumference heaven is reckoned equal to the earth.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.4
अवति त्रीनिमांल्लोकान् यस्मात्सूर्यः परिभ्रमन् । अविधातुः प्रकाशाख्यो ह्यवनात्स रविः स्मृतः
avati trīnimāṃllokān yasmātsūryaḥ paribhraman / avidhātuḥ prakāśākhyo hyavanātsa raviḥ smṛtaḥ
Since the sun, circling about, protects (avati) these three worlds — the root avi being (that) called 'to shine' — from that protecting (avana) he is remembered as Ravi.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.5
अतः परं प्रवक्ष्यामि प्रमाणं चन्द्रसूर्ययोः । महित्तत्त्वान्महीशब्दो ऽह्यस्मिन्वर्षे निपाद्यते
ataḥ paraṃ pravakṣyāmi pramāṇaṃ candrasūryayoḥ / mahittattvānmahīśabdo 'hyasminvarṣe nipādyate
Next I shall declare the measure of the moon and the sun. From the property of greatness (mahitva) the word 'mahī' (earth) is applied here to this continent.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.6
अस्य भारतवर्षस्य विष्कंभात्तुल्यविस्तृतम् । मण्डलं भास्करस्याथ योजनानि निबोधत
asya bhāratavarṣasya viṣkaṃbhāttulyavistṛtam / maṇḍalaṃ bhāskarasyātha yojanāni nibodhata
The disc of the sun is of extent equal to the diameter of this Bhārata continent; now learn (its measure) in yojanas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.7
नवयोजनसाहस्रो विस्तारो भास्करस्य तु । विस्तारात्र्रिगुणश्चास्य परिणाहस्तु मण्डले
navayojanasāhasro vistāro bhāskarasya tu / vistārātrriguṇaścāsya pariṇāhastu maṇḍale
The breadth of the sun is nine thousand yojanas, and its circumference in the disc is three times the breadth.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.8
विष्कंभमण्डलाच्चैव भास्कराद्द्विगुणः शशी । अथ पृथिव्या वक्ष्यामि प्रमाणं योजनैः सह
viṣkaṃbhamaṇḍalāccaiva bhāskarāddviguṇaḥ śaśī / atha pṛthivyā vakṣyāmi pramāṇaṃ yojanaiḥ saha
The moon is twice the sun in the diameter of its disc. Now I shall tell the measure of the earth, together with the yojanas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.9
सप्तद्वीपसमुद्राया विस्तारो मण्डलं च यत् । इत्येतदिह संख्यातं पुराणे परिमाणतः
saptadvīpasamudrāyā vistāro maṇḍalaṃ ca yat / ityetadiha saṃkhyātaṃ purāṇe parimāṇataḥ
The extent of the (earth) with its seven continents and oceans, and what its circle is — all this has here been reckoned in the Purāṇa by measure.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.10
तद्वक्ष्यामि समाख्याय सांप्रतैरभिमानिभिः । अभिमानिनोव्यतीता ये तुल्यास्ते सांप्रतैस्त्विह
tadvakṣyāmi samākhyāya sāṃpratairabhimānibhiḥ / abhimāninovyatītā ye tulyāste sāṃprataistviha
That I shall declare, naming it in terms of the present presiding deities; for those presiding deities who have passed away are equal to the present ones here.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.11
देवा ये वै व्यतीतास्तु रूपैर्नामभिरेव च । तस्मात्तु सांप्रतैर्देवैर्वक्ष्यामि वसुधातलम्
devā ye vai vyatītāstu rūpairnāmabhireva ca / tasmāttu sāṃpratairdevairvakṣyāmi vasudhātalam
The gods who have passed away (were the same) in forms and in names indeed; therefore I shall describe the surface of the earth in terms of the present gods.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.12
दिवास्तु सन्निवेशं वै सांप्रतैरेव कृत्स्नशः । शतार्द्धकोटिविस्तारा पृथिवी कृत्स्नशः स्मृता
divāstu sanniveśaṃ vai sāṃprataireva kṛtsnaśaḥ / śatārddhakoṭivistārā pṛthivī kṛtsnaśaḥ smṛtā
And the arrangement of the sky entirely in terms of the present ones (too). The earth as a whole is said to have an extent of fifty crores (of yojanas).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.13
तस्या ऊर्द्ध्वप्रमाणेन मेरोर्यावत्तु संस्थितिः । पृथिव्या ह्यर्द्धविस्तारो योजनाग्रात्प्रकीर्त्तितः
tasyā ūrddhvapramāṇena meroryāvattu saṃsthitiḥ / pṛthivyā hyarddhavistāro yojanāgrātprakīrttitaḥ
By the upward measure of that (earth), as far as the standing of Meru extends — half the breadth of the earth is declared in terms of yojanas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.14
मेरोर्मध्यात्प्रतिदिशं कोटिरेका तु सा स्मृता । तथा शातसहस्राणामेकोन नवतिः पुनः
merormadhyātpratidiśaṃ koṭirekā tu sā smṛtā / tathā śātasahasrāṇāmekona navatiḥ punaḥ
From the middle of Meru in each direction it is said to be one crore, and again eighty-nine hundred-thousands,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.15
पञ्चाशत्तु सहस्राणि पृथिव्यर्द्धस्य मण्डलम् । गणितं योजनाग्रात्तु कोट्यस्त्वेकादश स्मृताः
pañcāśattu sahasrāṇi pṛthivyarddhasya maṇḍalam / gaṇitaṃ yojanāgrāttu koṭyastvekādaśa smṛtāḥ
and fifty thousand — (such is) the circle of half the earth; and reckoned by the total of yojanas, eleven crores are stated,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.16
तथा शतसहस्राणि सप्तत्रिंशाधिकानि तु । इत्येतदिह संश्यातं पृथिव्यन्तस्य मण्डलम्
tathā śatasahasrāṇi saptatriṃśādhikāni tu / ityetadiha saṃśyātaṃ pṛthivyantasya maṇḍalam
and likewise a hundred thousand more by thirty-seven (i.e. thirty-seven hundred-thousands). Thus is reckoned here the circle up to the earth's end.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.17
तारकासंनिवेशास्य दिवि याव च्च मण्डलम् । पर्याससन्निवेशश्च भूमेर्यावत्तु मण्डलम्
tārakāsaṃniveśāsya divi yāva cca maṇḍalam / paryāsasanniveśaśca bhūmeryāvattu maṇḍalam
The disposition of the stars in the sky and however great its circle is, and the encircling disposition and however great the circle of the earth is —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.18
पर्यासपरिमाणेन भूमेस्तुल्यं दिवः स्मृतम् । सप्तानामपि द्वीपानामेत त्स्थानं प्रकीर्तितम्
paryāsaparimāṇena bhūmestulyaṃ divaḥ smṛtam / saptānāmapi dvīpānāmeta tsthānaṃ prakīrtitam
by the measure of circumference the sky is said to be equal to the earth. This has been declared as the situation of the seven continents as well.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.19
पर्यायपरिमाणेन मण्डलानुगतेन च । उपर्युपरि लोकानां छत्रवत्परिमण्डलम्
paryāyaparimāṇena maṇḍalānugatena ca / uparyupari lokānāṃ chatravatparimaṇḍalam
By the measure of successive circumference and in conformity with the circle, the worlds one above another are circular like an umbrella.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.20
संस्थितिर्विहिता सर्वा येषु तिष्ठन्ति जन्तवः । एतदण्डकपालस्य प्रमाणं परिकीर्त्तितम्
saṃsthitirvihitā sarvā yeṣu tiṣṭhanti jantavaḥ / etadaṇḍakapālasya pramāṇaṃ parikīrttitam
The whole structure in which creatures dwell has been arranged (thus). This has been declared as the measure of the shell of the egg.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.21
अण्डस्यान्तस्त्विमे लोकाः सप्तद्वीपा च मेदिनी । भूर्लोकश्च भुवर्ल्लोकस्तृतीयस्सृरिति स्स्वतः
aṇḍasyāntastvime lokāḥ saptadvīpā ca medinī / bhūrlokaśca bhuvarllokastṛtīyassṛriti ssvataḥ
Within the egg are these worlds and the earth with its seven continents: Bhūrloka, Bhuvarloka, and the third, Svar, by its own nature.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.22
महर्ल्लोको जनश्चैव तपः सत्यं च सप्तमम् । एते सप्त कृता लोकाश्छत्राकारा व्यवस्थिताः
maharlloko janaścaiva tapaḥ satyaṃ ca saptamam / ete sapta kṛtā lokāśchatrākārā vyavasthitāḥ
Maharloka, Jana, Tapas, and Satya the seventh: these seven worlds are made and set in place shaped like an umbrella,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.23
स्वकैरावरणैः सूक्ष्मैर्धार्यमाणाः पृथक्पृथक् । दशभागाधिकाभिश्च ताभिः प्रकृतिभिर्बहिः
svakairāvaraṇaiḥ sūkṣmairdhāryamāṇāḥ pṛthakpṛthak / daśabhāgādhikābhiśca tābhiḥ prakṛtibhirbahiḥ
upheld each separately by their own subtle envelopes, and outside by those primary elements which exceed (each other) by a tenth part,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.24
पूर्यमाणा विशेषैश्च समुत्पन्नैः परस्परात् । अस्याण्डस्य समन्ताच्च सन्निविष्टो घनोदधिः
pūryamāṇā viśeṣaiśca samutpannaiḥ parasparāt / asyāṇḍasya samantācca sanniviṣṭo ghanodadhiḥ
And being filled by the particular (elements) arisen from one another. And on every side of this egg the dense ocean is placed.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.25
पृथिव्या मण्डलं कृत्स्नं घनतोयेन धार्यते । घनोदधिः परेणाथ धार्य्यते घनतेजसा
pṛthivyā maṇḍalaṃ kṛtsnaṃ ghanatoyena dhāryate / ghanodadhiḥ pareṇātha dhāryyate ghanatejasā
The whole sphere of the earth is upheld by the dense water; and the dense ocean in turn is upheld by the dense fire.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.26
बाह्यतो घनतेजस्च तिर्य्यगूर्द्ध्वं तु मण्डलम् । संमताद्धनवातेन धार्यमाणं प्रतिष्ठितम्
bāhyato ghanatejasca tiryyagūrddhvaṃ tu maṇḍalam / saṃmatāddhanavātena dhāryamāṇaṃ pratiṣṭhitam
And outside the dense fire, the sphere (extends) crosswise and upward, upheld and established by the dense wind, as agreed.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.27
घनवातं तथाकाशमाकाशं च महात्मना । भूतादिना वृतं सर्वं भूतादिर्महता वृतः
ghanavātaṃ tathākāśamākāśaṃ ca mahātmanā / bhūtādinā vṛtaṃ sarvaṃ bhūtādirmahatā vṛtaḥ
The dense wind, likewise, (is enveloped) by ether; and ether by the great-souled one, that is, by the origin of the elements (ahaṃkāra); all is enveloped (by it), and the origin of the elements is enveloped by the mahat.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.28
वृतो महाननन्तेन प्रधानेनाव्य यात्मना । पुराणि लोकपालानां प्रवक्ष्यामि यथाक्रमम्
vṛto mahānanantena pradhānenāvya yātmanā / purāṇi lokapālānāṃ pravakṣyāmi yathākramam
The mahat is enveloped by the endless pradhāna, whose nature is imperishable. I shall now declare, in order, the cities of the guardians of the world,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.29
ज्योतिर्गुणप्रचारस्य प्रमाणपरिसिद्धये । मेरोः प्राच्यां दिशि तथा मानसस्यैव मूर्द्धनि
jyotirguṇapracārasya pramāṇaparisiddhaye / meroḥ prācyāṃ diśi tathā mānasasyaiva mūrddhani
for the establishing of the measure of the course of the luminous bodies. In the eastern direction of Meru, upon the summit of Mānasa (mountain),
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.30
वस्वौकसारा माहेन्द्री पुरी हेमपरिष्कृता । दक्षिणेन पुनर्मेरोर्मानसस्यैव मूर्द्धनि
vasvaukasārā māhendrī purī hemapariṣkṛtā / dakṣiṇena punarmerormānasasyaiva mūrddhani
is Vasvaukasārā, Mahendra's city, adorned with gold. Again, to the south of Meru, upon the summit of Mānasa itself,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.31
वैवस्वतो निव सति यमः संयमने पुरे । प्रतीच्यां तु पुनर्मेरोर्मानसस्यैव मूर्द्धनि
vaivasvato niva sati yamaḥ saṃyamane pure / pratīcyāṃ tu punarmerormānasasyaiva mūrddhani
Yama the son of Vivasvat dwells in the city Saṃyamana. And to the west of Meru, upon the summit of Mānasa itself,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.32
सुखा नाम पुरी रम्या वरुणस्यापि धीमतः । वरुणो यादसां नाथस्सुखाख्ये वसते पुरे
sukhā nāma purī ramyā varuṇasyāpi dhīmataḥ / varuṇo yādasāṃ nāthassukhākhye vasate pure
is the delightful city named Sukhā, belonging to wise Varuṇa; Varuṇa, the lord of the water creatures, dwells in the city called Sukhā.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.33
दिश्युत्तरस्यां मेरोस्तु मानसस्यैव मूर्द्धनि । तुल्या महेन्द्रपुर्य्यास्तु सोमस्यापि विभावरी
diśyuttarasyāṃ merostu mānasasyaiva mūrddhani / tulyā mahendrapuryyāstu somasyāpi vibhāvarī
In the northern direction of Meru, upon the summit of Mānasa itself, is Soma's Vibhāvarī, equal to Mahendra's city.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.34
मानसोत्तरवृष्टे तु लोकपालाश्चतुर्दिशम् । स्थिता धर्मव्यवस्थार्थ लोकमंरक्षणाय च
mānasottaravṛṣṭe tu lokapālāścaturdiśam / sthitā dharmavyavasthārtha lokamaṃrakṣaṇāya ca
Upon the ridge of Mānasottara, the world-guardians are stationed in the four directions, for the ordering of dharma and for the protection of the world.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.35
लोकपालोपरिष्टात्तु सर्वतो दक्षिणायने । काष्ठागतस्य सूर्यस्य गतिया तां निबोधत
lokapālopariṣṭāttu sarvato dakṣiṇāyane / kāṣṭhāgatasya sūryasya gatiyā tāṃ nibodhata
Above the world-guardians, all around, in the southern course, learn the motion of the sun when it has reached the (celestial) quarter.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.36
दक्षिणो ऽपक्रमे सूर्य्यः क्षिप्तेषुरिव सर्पति । ज्योतिषां चक्रमादाय सततं परिगच्छति
dakṣiṇo 'pakrame sūryyaḥ kṣipteṣuriva sarpati / jyotiṣāṃ cakramādāya satataṃ parigacchati
In the southern declination the sun glides like a shot arrow; taking up the circle of the luminaries, it constantly goes around.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.37
मध्यगश्चामरावत्यां यदा भवति भास्करः । वैवस्वते संयमते उदयस्तत्र दृश्यते
madhyagaścāmarāvatyāṃ yadā bhavati bhāskaraḥ / vaivasvate saṃyamate udayastatra dṛśyate
When the sun stands at midpoint over Amarāvatī, then its rising is seen at Vaivasvata's Saṃyamana.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.38
सुखायामर्द्धरात्रं स्याद्विभायामस्तमेति च । वैवस्वते संयमने मध्यगः स्याद्रविर्यदा । सुखायामथ वारुण्यामुत्तिष्ठन्स तु दृश्यते
sukhāyāmarddharātraṃ syādvibhāyāmastameti ca / vaivasvate saṃyamane madhyagaḥ syādraviryadā / sukhāyāmatha vāruṇyāmuttiṣṭhansa tu dṛśyate
In Sukhā it would be midnight, and in Vibhā it sets. When the sun is at midpoint over Vaivasvata's Saṃyamana, then in Sukhā, Varuṇa's city, he is seen rising.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.39
विभाया मर्द्धरात्रं स्यान्माहेन्द्यामस्तमेति च । यदा दक्षिणपुर्वेषामपराह्णो विधीयते
vibhāyā marddharātraṃ syānmāhendyāmastameti ca / yadā dakṣiṇapurveṣāmaparāhṇo vidhīyate
In Vibhā it would be midnight, and in Mahendra's city it sets. When afternoon is appointed for the south-eastern peoples,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.40
दक्षिणापरदेश्यानां पूर्वह्णः परिकी र्त्तितः । तेषामपररात्रश्च ये जना उत्तराः परे
dakṣiṇāparadeśyānāṃ pūrvahṇaḥ parikī rttitaḥ / teṣāmapararātraśca ye janā uttarāḥ pare
for those of the south-western regions the forenoon is declared; and for those people who are far to the north it is the latter part of the night;
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.41
देशा उत्तरपूर्वा ये पूवरात्रस्तु तान्प्रति । एवमेवोत्तरेष्वर् के भुवनेषु विराजते
deśā uttarapūrvā ye pūvarātrastu tānprati / evamevottareṣvar ke bhuvaneṣu virājate
and for the regions that are north-eastern, it is the earlier part of the night. Just so the sun shines over the northern worlds.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.42
सुखायासथ वारुण्यां मध्याह्ने चार्यमा यदा । विभायां सोमपुर्यां वा उत्तिष्ठति विभावसुः
sukhāyāsatha vāruṇyāṃ madhyāhne cāryamā yadā / vibhāyāṃ somapuryāṃ vā uttiṣṭhati vibhāvasuḥ
When the sun is at midday over Varuṇa's Sukhā, then in Vibhā, Soma's city, the light-maker rises.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.43
रात्र्यर्द्ध चामरावत्यामस्तमेति यमस्य च । सोमपुर्या विभायां तु मध्याह्ने स्याद्दिवाकरः
rātryarddha cāmarāvatyāmastameti yamasya ca / somapuryā vibhāyāṃ tu madhyāhne syāddivākaraḥ
It is midnight in Amarāvatī, and it sets in Yama's (city). When the day-maker is at midday over Soma's city Vibhā,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.44
महेद्रस्यामरावत्यां सूर्य उत्तिष्ठते तदा । अर्द्धरात्रं संयमने वारुण्यामस्तमेति च
mahedrasyāmarāvatyāṃ sūrya uttiṣṭhate tadā / arddharātraṃ saṃyamane vāruṇyāmastameti ca
Then the sun rises in Mahendra's Amarāvatī; it is midnight in Saṃyamana (Yama's city) and it sets in Varuṇa's (city).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.45
स शीघ्रमेव पर्येति भास्करो ऽलातच त्रवत् । भ्रमन्वै भ्रममार्णानि ऋक्षाणि चरते रविः
sa śīghrameva paryeti bhāskaro 'lātaca travat / bhramanvai bhramamārṇāni ṛkṣāṇi carate raviḥ
That maker of light circles round very swiftly, like a whirling firebrand; and as he revolves the sun traverses the constellations that are (themselves) revolving.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.46
एवं चतुर्षु पार्श्वेषु दक्षिणां तेन सर्पति । उदयास्तमने चासावृत्ति ष्ठति पुनः पुनः
evaṃ caturṣu pārśveṣu dakṣiṇāṃ tena sarpati / udayāstamane cāsāvṛtti ṣṭhati punaḥ punaḥ
Thus he creeps along the southern (course) by that (path) on the four sides; and this (sun) stands in his rising and setting again and again.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.47
पूवाह्णे चापराह्णे च द्वौ द्वौ देवालयौ तु सः । तपत्यर्कश्च मध्याह्ने तैरेव च स्वरश्मिभिः
pūvāhṇe cāparāhṇe ca dvau dvau devālayau tu saḥ / tapatyarkaśca madhyāhne taireva ca svaraśmibhiḥ
In the forenoon and in the afternoon he (shines upon) two and two of the gods' abodes; and at midday the sun burns with those same rays of his.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.48
उदितो वर्द्धमानाभिरामध्याह्नं तपन्रविः । अतः परं ह्रसंतीभिर्गोभिरस्तं निगच्छति
udito varddhamānābhirāmadhyāhnaṃ tapanraviḥ / ataḥ paraṃ hrasaṃtībhirgobhirastaṃ nigacchati
Having risen, the sun burns until midday with increasing rays; after that, with diminishing rays, he goes to setting.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.49
उदयास्तमयाभ्यां च स्मृते पूर्वापरे दिशौ । यावत्पुरस्तात्तपति तापत्पृष्ठे ऽथ पार्श्वयोः
udayāstamayābhyāṃ ca smṛte pūrvāpare diśau / yāvatpurastāttapati tāpatpṛṣṭhe 'tha pārśvayoḥ
And by the rising and the setting the eastern and western directions are declared; as far as he burns in front, so far (he burns) behind and at the two sides.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.50
यत्रोद्यन्दृश्यते सूर्यस्तेषां स उदयः समृतः । प्रणाशं गच्छते यत्र तेषामस्तः स उच्यते
yatrodyandṛśyate sūryasteṣāṃ sa udayaḥ samṛtaḥ / praṇāśaṃ gacchate yatra teṣāmastaḥ sa ucyate
Where the sun is seen rising, that is called their sunrise; where he goes to disappearance, that is called their setting.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.51
सर्वेषामुत्तरे मेरुलोङ्कालोकश्च दक्षिणे । विदूरभावादर्कस्य भूमिलेखावृतस्य च
sarveṣāmuttare meruloṅkālokaśca dakṣiṇe / vidūrabhāvādarkasya bhūmilekhāvṛtasya ca
For all (people) Meru is to the north and Lokāloka to the south; and because of the sun's being far away and being covered by the line of the earth—
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.52
लीयन्ते रश्मयो यस्मात्तेन रात्रौ न दृश्यते । ग्रहनक्षत्रसोमानां दर्शनं भास्करस्य च
līyante raśmayo yasmāttena rātrau na dṛśyate / grahanakṣatrasomānāṃ darśanaṃ bhāskarasya ca
—since (his) rays vanish, therefore he is not seen at night; (hence) the seeing of planets, constellations, the moon, and of the sun (is as it is).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.53
उच्ध्रयस्य प्रमाणेन ज्ञेयमस्तमथोदयम् । शुक्लच्छायो ऽग्निरा पश्च कृष्णच्छाया च मेदिनी
ucdhrayasya pramāṇena jñeyamastamathodayam / śuklacchāyo 'gnirā paśca kṛṣṇacchāyā ca medinī
By the measure of the elevation the setting and the rising are to be known; fire has a white shadow (light), and the earth a black shadow.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.54
विदूरभावादर्कस्य ह्युद्यते ऽपि विरशिमता । रक्तभावो विरश्मत्वाद्रक्तत्वाच्जाप्यनुष्णता
vidūrabhāvādarkasya hyudyate 'pi viraśimatā / raktabhāvo viraśmatvādraktatvācjāpyanuṣṇatā
Because of the sun's being far away, even when he has risen he is dim of ray; from dimness of ray comes redness, and from redness comes lack of heat.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.55
लेखायामास्थितः सूर्यो यत्र यत्र च दृश्यते । ऊर्द्ध्व शातसहस्र तु योजनानां स दृश्यते
lekhāyāmāsthitaḥ sūryo yatra yatra ca dṛśyate / ūrddhva śātasahasra tu yojanānāṃ sa dṛśyate
Wherever the sun, standing on the line (of the horizon), is seen, he is seen up above at a hundred thousand yojanas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.56
प्रभा हि सौरी पादेन ह्यस्तं गच्छति भास्करे । अग्निमाविशते राद्रौ तस्माद्दूरात्प्रकाशते
prabhā hi saurī pādena hyastaṃ gacchati bhāskare / agnimāviśate rādrau tasmāddūrātprakāśate
When the sun sets, his radiance goes away by a quarter; at night it enters fire, therefore (fire) shines from afar.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.57
उदिते हि पुनः सूर्ये ह्यौष्ण्यमाग्नेयमाविशेत् । संयुक्तो वह्निना सूर्यस्तपते तु ततो दिवा
udite hi punaḥ sūrye hyauṣṇyamāgneyamāviśet / saṃyukto vahninā sūryastapate tu tato divā
And again when the sun has risen, the heat belonging to fire enters (him); joined with fire the sun then burns by day.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.58
प्राकाश्यं च तथौष्ण्यं च सौराग्नेये च तेजसी । परस्परानुप्रवेशाद्दीप्येते तु दिवानिशम्
prākāśyaṃ ca tathauṣṇyaṃ ca saurāgneye ca tejasī / parasparānupraveśāddīpyete tu divāniśam
Light and likewise heat—these two energies, the solar and the fiery—shine day and night by entering into each other.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.59
उत्तरे चैव भूम्यर्द्धे तथा तस्मिंश्च दक्षिणे । उत्तिष्ठति तथा सूर्ये रात्रिराविशतत्वपः
uttare caiva bhūmyarddhe tathā tasmiṃśca dakṣiṇe / uttiṣṭhati tathā sūrye rātrirāviśatatvapaḥ
In the northern half of the earth and likewise in the southern half of it: when the sun rises (in one), night enters the waters (in the other).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.60
तस्माच्छीता भक्त्यांपो दिवारात्रिप्रवेशनात् । अस्तं याति पुनः सूर्ये दिनमाविशते त्वषः
tasmācchītā bhaktyāṃpo divārātripraveśanāt / astaṃ yāti punaḥ sūrye dinamāviśate tvaṣaḥ
Therefore the waters become cold, from night's entering (them) by day; and again when the sun sets, day enters the waters.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.61
तस्मादुष्णा भवत्यापो नक्तमह्नः प्रवेशनात् । एतेन क्रमयोगेन भूम्यर्द्धे दक्षिणोत्तरे
tasmāduṣṇā bhavatyāpo naktamahnaḥ praveśanāt / etena kramayogena bhūmyarddhe dakṣiṇottare
Therefore the waters become hot, from the day's entering (them) at night; by this sequence, in the southern and northern halves of the earth,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.62
उदयास्तमनेर्ऽकस्य अहोरात्रं विशत्यपः । देनं सूर्यप्रकाशाख्यं तामसी रात्रिरूच्यते
udayāstamaner'kasya ahorātraṃ viśatyapaḥ / denaṃ sūryaprakāśākhyaṃ tāmasī rātrirūcyate
by the sun's rising and setting, day and night enter the waters; day is what is named the sun's light, and night is called dark.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.63
तस्माद्व्यवस्थिता रात्रिः सूर्यापेक्षमहः स्मृतम् । एवं पुष्करमध्येन यदा सर्पति भास्करः
tasmādvyavasthitā rātriḥ sūryāpekṣamahaḥ smṛtam / evaṃ puṣkaramadhyena yadā sarpati bhāskaraḥ
Therefore night is fixed (permanent), while day is reckoned as dependent on the sun. Thus, when the sun moves through the middle of the lotus (of the earth),
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.64
अंशांशकं तु मेदिन्यां मुहूर्त्तेनैव गच्छति । योजनाग्रान्मुहूर्त्तस्य इह संख्यां निबोधत
aṃśāṃśakaṃ tu medinyāṃ muhūrttenaiva gacchati / yojanāgrānmuhūrttasya iha saṃkhyāṃ nibodhata
But (the sun) passes over a fraction of a degree upon the earth in a single muhūrta; learn here the number, in terms of yojanas, for a muhūrta.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.65
पूर्णे शतसहस्राणामेकत्रिंशाधिकं स्मृतम् । पञ्चाशत्तु तथान्यानि सहस्राण्यधिकानि च
pūrṇe śatasahasrāṇāmekatriṃśādhikaṃ smṛtam / pañcāśattu tathānyāni sahasrāṇyadhikāni ca
It is stated to be, in full, thirty-one more than (a lakh of?) hundred-thousands, and likewise fifty other thousands in addition.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.66
मौहूर्त्ति की गतिर्ह्येषा सूर्यस्य तु विधीयते । एतेन गतियोगेन यदा काष्ठां तु दक्षिणाम्
mauhūrtti kī gatirhyeṣā sūryasya tu vidhīyate / etena gatiyogena yadā kāṣṭhāṃ tu dakṣiṇām
For this is laid down as the sun's motion per muhūrta. By this rate of motion, when (it comes) to the southern quarter—
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.67
पर्यागच्छेत्पतङ्गो ऽसौ मध्ये काष्ठान्तमेव हि । मध्येन पुष्करस्याथ भ्रमते दक्षिणायने
paryāgacchetpataṅgo 'sau madhye kāṣṭhāntameva hi / madhyena puṣkarasyātha bhramate dakṣiṇāyane
—that flying (sun) comes round, right to the very end of the quarter in the middle; then it wheels through the middle of Puṣkara in the southern course.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.68
मानसोत्तरशैले तु अन्तरे विषुवं च तत् । सर्पते दक्षिणायां तु काष्ठायां वै निबोधत
mānasottaraśaile tu antare viṣuvaṃ ca tat / sarpate dakṣiṇāyāṃ tu kāṣṭhāyāṃ vai nibodhata
But on the Mānasottara mountain, in the interval, is that equinox; learn (its measure) as it moves in the southern quarter.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.69
नवकोट्यः प्रसंख्याता योजनैः परिमण्डलम् । तथा शतसहस्राणि चत्वारिंशच्च पञ्च च
navakoṭyaḥ prasaṃkhyātā yojanaiḥ parimaṇḍalam / tathā śatasahasrāṇi catvāriṃśacca pañca ca
The circumference is reckoned at nine crores of yojanas, and likewise forty-five hundred-thousands.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.70
अहोरात्रात्पतङ्गस्य गतिरेषा विधीयते । दक्षिणाद्विनिवृत्तो ऽसौ विषुवस्थो यदा रविः
ahorātrātpataṅgasya gatireṣā vidhīyate / dakṣiṇādvinivṛtto 'sau viṣuvastho yadā raviḥ
This is laid down as the flying (sun's) motion for a day and night. When that sun, turned back from the south, stands at the equinox,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.71
क्षीरोदस्य समुद्रस्योत्तरतश्चाद्रितश्चरन् । मण्डलं विषुवत्तस्य योजनैस्तन्निबोधत
kṣīrodasya samudrasyottarataścādritaścaran / maṇḍalaṃ viṣuvattasya yojanaistannibodhata
moving to the north of the Ocean of Milk and (northward) from the mountain—learn its equinoctial circle in yojanas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.72
तिस्रः कोट्यस्तु संख्याता विषुवस्यापि मण्डलम् । तथा शतसहस्राणामशीत्येकाधिका पुनः
tisraḥ koṭyastu saṃkhyātā viṣuvasyāpi maṇḍalam / tathā śatasahasrāṇāmaśītyekādhikā punaḥ
Three crores are reckoned as the circle of the equinox too, and again eighty-one hundred-thousands.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.73
श्रवणे चोत्तरषाढे चित्रभानुर्यदा भवेत् । शाकद्वीपस्य षष्ठस्य उत्तरातो दिशश्चरन्
śravaṇe cottaraṣāḍhe citrabhānuryadā bhavet / śākadvīpasya ṣaṣṭhasya uttarāto diśaścaran
When the brilliant-rayed (sun) is in Śravaṇa and Uttarāṣāḍhā, moving from the northern direction of the sixth continent, Śāka—
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.74
उतरायाः प्रमाणं च काष्ठाया मण्डलस्य च । योजनाग्रात्प्रसंख्याता कोटिरेका तु स द्विजाः
utarāyāḥ pramāṇaṃ ca kāṣṭhāyā maṇḍalasya ca / yojanāgrātprasaṃkhyātā koṭirekā tu sa dvijāḥ
—(such is) the measure of the northern quarter and of its circle: reckoned in yojanas it is one crore, O twice-born ones,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.75
अशीतिर्नियुतानीह योजनानां तथैव च । अष्टपञ्चाशतं चव योजनान्यधिकानि तु
aśītirniyutānīha yojanānāṃ tathaiva ca / aṣṭapañcāśataṃ cava yojanānyadhikāni tu
and here eighty niyutas of yojanas as well, and fifty-eight yojanas over and above.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.76
नागवीथ्युत्तरावीथी ह्यज वीथी च दक्षिणा । मूलं चैव तथाषाढे त्वजवीथ्युदयास्त्रयः
nāgavīthyuttarāvīthī hyaja vīthī ca dakṣiṇā / mūlaṃ caiva tathāṣāḍhe tvajavīthyudayāstrayaḥ
Nāgavīthī is the northern path, and Ajavīthī the southern; Mūla and the two Aṣāḍhās are the three risings of Ajavīthī.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.77
अश्विनी कृत्तिका याम्यं नागवीथ्युदयास्त्रयः । काष्ठयोरन्तरं यच्च तद्वक्ष्येयजनैः पुनः
aśvinī kṛttikā yāmyaṃ nāgavīthyudayāstrayaḥ / kāṣṭhayorantaraṃ yacca tadvakṣyeyajanaiḥ punaḥ
Aśvinī, Kṛttikā and the southern (asterism) are the three risings of Nāgavīthī; and whatever the interval between the two quarters is, that I shall state again in yojanas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.78
एतच्छतसहस्राणामष्टाभिश्चोत्तरं शतम् । त्रयः शताधिकाश्चन्ये त्रयस्त्रिंशच्च योजनैः
etacchatasahasrāṇāmaṣṭābhiścottaraṃ śatam / trayaḥ śatādhikāścanye trayastriṃśacca yojanaiḥ
This is a hundred and eight hundred-thousands, and three hundred more besides, and thirty-three yojanas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.79
काष्ठयोरन्तरं ह्येतद्योजनाग्रात्प्रकीर्तितम् । काष्ठयोर्लेखयोश्चैव ह्यन्तरं दक्षिणोत्तरे
kāṣṭhayorantaraṃ hyetadyojanāgrātprakīrtitam / kāṣṭhayorlekhayoścaiva hyantaraṃ dakṣiṇottare
This interval between the two quarters has been declared in yojanas; and (as for) the interval between the two lines of the quarters, southern and northern,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.80
तेन्ववक्ष्ये प्रसंख्याय चोजनैस्तन्निबोधत । एकैकमन्तरं तस्य वियुतान्येकसप्ततिः
tenvavakṣye prasaṃkhyāya cojanaistannibodhata / ekaikamantaraṃ tasya viyutānyekasaptatiḥ
that I shall now state, having reckoned it—learn it in yojanas: each single interval of it is seventy-one niyutas,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.81
सहस्राण्यतिरिक्ताश्च ततो ऽन्या पञ्चसप्ततिः । लेखयोः काष्ठयोश्चैव बाह्याभ्यन्तरयोः स्मृतम्
sahasrāṇyatiriktāśca tato 'nyā pañcasaptatiḥ / lekhayoḥ kāṣṭhayoścaiva bāhyābhyantarayoḥ smṛtam
and thousands in excess, and then another seventy-five; (thus) it is stated for the lines and the quarters, outer and inner.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.82
अभ्यन्तरं तु पर्येति मण्डलान्युत्तरायणे । बाह्यतो दक्षिणे चैव सततं तु यथाक्रमम्
abhyantaraṃ tu paryeti maṇḍalānyuttarāyaṇe / bāhyato dakṣiṇe caiva satataṃ tu yathākramam
In the northern course it goes round the inner circles, and in the southern the outer ones, constantly, in due order.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.83
मण्डलानां शतं पूर्मं त्र्यशीत्यधिकमुत्तरम् । चरते दक्षिणे चापि तावदेव विभावसुः
maṇḍalānāṃ śataṃ pūrmaṃ tryaśītyadhikamuttaram / carate dakṣiṇe cāpi tāvadeva vibhāvasuḥ
A full hundred of circles with eighty-three more (it traverses) in the north, and the sun traverses just as many in the south as well.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.84
प्रमाणं मण्डलस्याथ योजनाग्रं निबोधत । योजनानां सहस्राणि सप्तादश समासतः
pramāṇaṃ maṇḍalasyātha yojanāgraṃ nibodhata / yojanānāṃ sahasrāṇi saptādaśa samāsataḥ
Now learn the measure of the (sun's) circuit, reckoned in yojanas: in brief, seventeen thousand yojanas,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.85
शते द्वे पुनरप्यन्ये योजनामां प्रकीर्त्तिते । एकविंशतिभिश्चैव योजनैरधिकैर्हि ते
śate dve punarapyanye yojanāmāṃ prakīrttite / ekaviṃśatibhiścaiva yojanairadhikairhi te
and again two further hundreds of yojanas are declared, and those (are) with twenty-one yojanas in addition.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.86
एतत्प्रमाणमाख्यातं योजनैर्मण्डलस्य च । विष्कंभो मण्डलस्याथ तिर्यक् स तु विधीयते
etatpramāṇamākhyātaṃ yojanairmaṇḍalasya ca / viṣkaṃbho maṇḍalasyātha tiryak sa tu vidhīyate
This measure of the circuit has been stated in yojanas; and the diameter of the circuit is laid down as (measured) crosswise.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.87
प्रत्यहं चरते तानि सूर्या वै मण्डलक्रमात् । कुलालचक्रपर्यन्तो यथा शीघ्रं निवर्त्तते
pratyahaṃ carate tāni sūryā vai maṇḍalakramāt / kulālacakraparyanto yathā śīghraṃ nivarttate
Day by day the sun traverses those (circuits) in the sequence of the circles. Just as the outer rim of a potter's wheel turns swiftly,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.88
दक्षिणप्रक्रमे सूर्यस्तथा शीघ्रं प्रवर्त्तते । तस्मात्प्रकृष्टां भूमिं तु कालेनाल्पेन गच्छति
dakṣiṇaprakrame sūryastathā śīghraṃ pravarttate / tasmātprakṛṣṭāṃ bhūmiṃ tu kālenālpena gacchati
so in his southern course the sun moves swiftly; therefore he covers a great stretch of ground in little time.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.89
सूर्यो द्वादशभिः शैर्घ्यान्मुहूर्तैर्दक्षिणायने । त्रयोदशार्द्धमृक्षाणामह्ना तु चरते रविः
sūryo dvādaśabhiḥ śairghyānmuhūrtairdakṣiṇāyane / trayodaśārddhamṛkṣāṇāmahnā tu carate raviḥ
In the southern course the sun, by reason of his speed, traverses thirteen and a half asterisms by day, in twelve muhūrtas;
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.90
मुहूर्तै स्तावदृक्षाणि नक्तमष्टादशैश्चरन् । कुलालचक्रमध्ये तु यथा मन्दं प्रसर्पति
muhūrtai stāvadṛkṣāṇi naktamaṣṭādaśaiścaran / kulālacakramadhye tu yathā mandaṃ prasarpati
traversing that same number of asterisms by night in eighteen muhūrtas. And just as (a point) at the centre of a potter's wheel creeps slowly,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.91
तथोदगयने सूर्यः सर्पते मन्दविक्रमः । तस्मा द्दीर्घेन कालेन भूमिं स्वल्पानि गच्छति
tathodagayane sūryaḥ sarpate mandavikramaḥ / tasmā ddīrghena kālena bhūmiṃ svalpāni gacchati
so in the northern course the sun creeps with slow pace; therefore in a long time he covers only a little ground.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.92
अष्टादश मुहूर्त तु उत्तरायणपश्चिमम् । अहो भवति तच्चापि चरते मन्दविक्रमः
aṣṭādaśa muhūrta tu uttarāyaṇapaścimam / aho bhavati taccāpi carate mandavikramaḥ
But eighteen muhūrtas (is the measure) in the latter part of the northern course: so long does the day become, and that (course) too he traverses with slow pace.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.93
त्रयोदशार्द्धं माद्येन त्वृक्षाणां चरते रविः । मुहूर्तैस्तावदृक्षाणि नक्तं द्वादशभिश्चरन्
trayodaśārddhaṃ mādyena tvṛkṣāṇāṃ carate raviḥ / muhūrtaistāvadṛkṣāṇi naktaṃ dvādaśabhiścaran
And by day the sun traverses thirteen and a half asterisms, traversing that same number of asterisms by night in twelve muhūrtas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.94
ततो मन्दतरं नाभ्यां चक्रं भ्रमति वै यथा । मृत्पिण्ड इव मध्यस्थो ध्रुवो भ्रमति वै तथा
tato mandataraṃ nābhyāṃ cakraṃ bhramati vai yathā / mṛtpiṇḍa iva madhyastho dhruvo bhramati vai tathā
Then, just as a wheel turns more slowly at the hub, so Dhruva, standing at the centre like a lump of clay, revolves.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.95
त्रिंशन्मुहूर्तानेवाहुरहोरात्रं ध्रुवो भ्रमन् । उभयोः काष्ठयोर्मध्ये भ्रमते मण्डलानि तु
triṃśanmuhūrtānevāhurahorātraṃ dhruvo bhraman / ubhayoḥ kāṣṭhayormadhye bhramate maṇḍalāni tu
They call thirty muhūrtas a day-and-night; Dhruva, as he turns, revolves in circles between the two poles (kāṣṭhās).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.96
कुलालचक्रनाभिश्च यथा तत्रैव वर्त्तते । ध्रुवस्तथा हि विज्ञेयस्तत्रैव परीवर्त्तते
kulālacakranābhiśca yathā tatraiva varttate / dhruvastathā hi vijñeyastatraiva parīvarttate
And just as the hub of a potter's wheel turns in that very place, so too Dhruva is to be understood: he revolves right there.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.97
उभयोः काष्ठयोर्मध्ये भ्रमते मण्डलानि सः । दिवानक्तं च सूर्यस्य मन्दा शीघ्रा च वै गातिः
ubhayoḥ kāṣṭhayormadhye bhramate maṇḍalāni saḥ / divānaktaṃ ca sūryasya mandā śīghrā ca vai gātiḥ
Between the two poles he revolves in circles; and the sun's motion is slow and swift by day and by night.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.98
उत्तरप्रक्रमे चापि दिवा मन्दा गतिस्तथा । तथैव च पुनर्नक्तं शीघ्रा सूर्यस्य वै गातिः
uttaraprakrame cāpi divā mandā gatistathā / tathaiva ca punarnaktaṃ śīghrā sūryasya vai gātiḥ
And in the northern course the motion is slow by day, and likewise again by night the sun's motion is swift.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.99
दक्षिणप्रक्रमेणैव दिवा शीघ्रं विधीयते । गतिः सूर्यस्य नक्तं च मन्दा चैव गतिस्तथा
dakṣiṇaprakrameṇaiva divā śīghraṃ vidhīyate / gatiḥ sūryasya naktaṃ ca mandā caiva gatistathā
By the southern course, the sun's motion is ordained swift by day, and by night the motion is slow.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.100
एवं गतिविशेषेण विभजन् रात्र्यहानि तु । तजापि संचरन्मार्गं समेन विषमेण च
evaṃ gativiśeṣeṇa vibhajan rātryahāni tu / tajāpi saṃcaranmārgaṃ samena viṣameṇa ca
Thus dividing the nights and days by the difference of (its) motion, (the sun) travels its path there too, both evenly and unevenly.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.101
लोकालोकस्थिता ह्येते लोकपालाश्चतुर्दिशम् । अगस्त्यश्चरते तेषामुपरिष्टाज्जवेन तु
lokālokasthitā hyete lokapālāścaturdiśam / agastyaścarate teṣāmupariṣṭājjavena tu
For these world-guardians are stationed on (the mountain) Lokāloka in the four directions; and Agastya moves swiftly above them.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.102
भुञ्जन्नसापहोरा त्रमेवं गतिविशेषणम् । दक्षिणे नागवीथ्यास्तु लोकालोकस्य चोत्तरे
bhuñjannasāpahorā tramevaṃ gativiśeṣaṇam / dakṣiṇe nāgavīthyāstu lokālokasya cottare
...enjoying (?) hour by hour, such is the distinction of (its) motion: to the south of the Nāga path and to the north of Lokāloka.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.103
लोकसन्तानको ह्येष वैश्वानरपथाद्वहिः । पृष्टे यावत्प्रभा सौरी पुरस्तात्संप्रकाशते
lokasantānako hyeṣa vaiśvānarapathādvahiḥ / pṛṣṭe yāvatprabhā saurī purastātsaṃprakāśate
For this Lokāloka is the boundary of the world, outside the path of Vaiśvānara; as far as the sun's light shines forth in front, at the rear (there is darkness).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.104
पार्श्वतः पृष्ठतश्चैव लोकालोकस्य वर्त्तते । योजनानां सहस्राणि दशकं तुच्छ्रितो गिरिः
pārśvataḥ pṛṣṭhataścaiva lokālokasya varttate / yojanānāṃ sahasrāṇi daśakaṃ tucchrito giriḥ
It stands at the flank and at the back of Lokāloka; the mountain rises up ten thousand yojanas.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.105
प्रकाशश्चाप्रकाशश्च सर्वतः परिमण्डलः । नक्षत्रचन्द्रसूर्यश्च ग्रहैस्तारागणैः सह
prakāśaścāprakāśaśca sarvataḥ parimaṇḍalaḥ / nakṣatracandrasūryaśca grahaistārāgaṇaiḥ saha
Lit and unlit, it is a full circle on every side; the lunar mansions, moon and sun, together with the planets and the hosts of stars —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.106
अभ्यन्तरं प्रकाशन्ते लोकालोकस्य वै गिरेः । एतावानेव लोकस्तु निरालोकस्ततः परम्
abhyantaraṃ prakāśante lokālokasya vai gireḥ / etāvāneva lokastu nirālokastataḥ param
— these shine within the mountain Lokāloka. Just this much is the world; beyond that there is no light.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.107
लोकेनालोकवानेष निरालोकस्त्वलोकतः । लोकालोकं तु संधत्ते यस्मात्सुर्यपरिग्रहम्
lokenālokavāneṣa nirālokastvalokataḥ / lokālokaṃ tu saṃdhatte yasmātsuryaparigraham
By the world (loka) it has light, but it is lightless from the side of the non-world (aloka); and it joins world and non-world, since it is the sun's enclosure.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.108
तस्मात्सन्ध्येति तामाहुरुषाव्युष्ट्योर्यदन्तरम् । उषा रात्रिः स्मृता विप्रैर्व्युष्टिश्चापि त्वहः स्मृतम्
tasmātsandhyeti tāmāhuruṣāvyuṣṭyoryadantaram / uṣā rātriḥ smṛtā viprairvyuṣṭiścāpi tvahaḥ smṛtam
Therefore they call saṃdhyā (twilight) that which is the interval between uṣā and vyuṣṭi; uṣā is held by the brahmins to be night, and vyuṣṭi is held to be day.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.109
सूर्याग्निग्रसमानानां संध्याकाले हि रक्षसाम् । प्रजापतिनियोगेन शापस्त्वेषां दुरात्मनाम्
sūryāgnigrasamānānāṃ saṃdhyākāle hi rakṣasām / prajāpatiniyogena śāpastveṣāṃ durātmanām
For the rākṣasas who swallow the sun's fire at the time of twilight, there is, by Prajāpati's ordinance, a curse upon those evil-natured ones.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.110
अक्षयत्वं तु देहस्य प्रापिताम्रणं तथा । तिस्रः कोट्यस्तु विख्याता मन्देहा नाम राक्षसाः
akṣayatvaṃ tu dehasya prāpitāmraṇaṃ tathā / tisraḥ koṭyastu vikhyātā mandehā nāma rākṣasāḥ
Imperishability of body was granted them, and likewise deathlessness; three crores of rākṣasas named Mandehas are renowned.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.111
प्रार्थयन्ति सहस्रांशुभुदयन्तं दिनेदिने । तापयन्तं दुरात्मानः सूर्यमिच्छन्ति खादितुम्
prārthayanti sahasrāṃśubhudayantaṃ dinedine / tāpayantaṃ durātmānaḥ sūryamicchanti khāditum
Day after day they assail the thousand-rayed one as he rises; the evil-natured ones wish to devour the sun as he burns.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.112
अथ सूर्यस्य तेषां च युद्धमासीत्सुदारुणम् । ततो ब्रह्मा च देवाश्च ब्राह्ममाश्चैव सत्तमाः
atha sūryasya teṣāṃ ca yuddhamāsītsudāruṇam / tato brahmā ca devāśca brāhmamāścaiva sattamāḥ
Then there was a most terrible battle between the sun and them; thereupon Brahmā and the gods and the best of the followers of Brahmā —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.113
संध्यां तु समुपासीनाः प्रक्षिपन्ति जलं सदा । ओङ्कारब्रह्मसंयुक्तं गायत्र्या चाभिमन्त्रितम्
saṃdhyāṃ tu samupāsīnāḥ prakṣipanti jalaṃ sadā / oṅkārabrahmasaṃyuktaṃ gāyatryā cābhimantritam
— sitting in worship at twilight, always throw water joined with the oṃkāra and brahman and consecrated with the Gāyatrī.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.114
स्फूर्जज्ज्योतिश्च चण्डांशुस्तथा दीप्यति भास्करः । ततः पुनर्महातेजा महाबलपराक्रमः
sphūrjajjyotiśca caṇḍāṃśustathā dīpyati bhāskaraḥ / tataḥ punarmahātejā mahābalaparākramaḥ
And the sun blazes with bursting light and fierce rays; then again, of great splendour, of great strength and valour,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.115
योजनानां सहस्राणि ऊर्द्ध्वमुत्तिष्ठते शतम् । प्रयाति भगवानाशु ब्राह्मणैरभिरक्षितः । वालखिल्यैश्च मुनिभिर्धृतार्चिः समरीचिभिः
yojanānāṃ sahasrāṇi ūrddhvamuttiṣṭhate śatam / prayāti bhagavānāśu brāhmaṇairabhirakṣitaḥ / vālakhilyaiśca munibhirdhṛtārciḥ samarīcibhiḥ
he rises upward a hundred thousand yojanas; the Lord swiftly goes on, guarded all round by the brahmins and by the Vālakhilya sages, his flame upheld, together with his rays.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.118
काष्ठा निमेषा दश पञ्च चैव त्रिंशच्च काष्ठा गणयेत्कलां तु । त्रिंशत्कलाश्चापि भवेन्मुहूर्त्तस्तैस्त्रिंशता रात्र्यहनी समेते ॥ ब्न्द्प्_१,२१।११६ ॥ ह्रासवृद्धी त्वहर्भागैर्दिवसानां यथाक्रमात् ॥ ब्न्द्प्_१,२१।११७ ॥ संध्या मुहूर्त्तमात्रा तु ह्रासवृद्धिस्तु सा स्मृता । लेखाप्रभृत्यथादित्ये त्रिमुहूर्त्तगते तु वै
kāṣṭhā nimeṣā daśa pañca caiva triṃśacca kāṣṭhā gaṇayetkalāṃ tu / triṃśatkalāścāpi bhavenmuhūrttastaistriṃśatā rātryahanī samete // bndp_1,21.116 // hrāsavṛddhī tvaharbhāgairdivasānāṃ yathākramāt // bndp_1,21.117 // saṃdhyā muhūrttamātrā tu hrāsavṛddhistu sā smṛtā / lekhāprabhṛtyathāditye trimuhūrttagate tu vai
Fifteen nimeṣas are a kāṣṭhā; thirty kāṣṭhās one should reckon as a kalā; thirty kalās make a muhūrta, and by thirty of these night and day together are made up. (116) The decrease and increase (of night and day) come about by portions of the day, of the days in due order. (117) Twilight is of just one muhūrta's measure, and that is held to be the decrease-and-increase point. Now, from the first streak (of dawn) onward, when the sun has gone three muhūrtas,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.119
प्रातस्ततः स्मृतः कालो भागश्चाह्नः स पञ्चमः । तस्मात्प्रातस्तनात्कालात्र्रिमुहूर्त्तस्तु संगवः
prātastataḥ smṛtaḥ kālo bhāgaścāhnaḥ sa pañcamaḥ / tasmātprātastanātkālātrrimuhūrttastu saṃgavaḥ
the time from then is called prātaḥ (morning), and it is the fifth part of the day; after that morning time, three muhūrtas make the saṃgava.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.120
मध्याह्नस्त्रिमुहूर्त्तस्तु तस्मात्कालश्च संगवात् । तस्मान्मध्यन्दिनात्कालादपराह्ण इति स्मृतः
madhyāhnastrimuhūrttastu tasmātkālaśca saṃgavāt / tasmānmadhyandinātkālādaparāhṇa iti smṛtaḥ
After that saṃgava time, midday is three muhūrtas; and after that midday time comes what is called aparāhṇa (afternoon).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.121
त्रय एव मुहूर्त्तास्तु कालागः स्मृतो बुधैः । अपराह्णे व्यतीते तु कालः सायाह्न उच्यते
traya eva muhūrttāstu kālāgaḥ smṛto budhaiḥ / aparāhṇe vyatīte tu kālaḥ sāyāhna ucyate
That time too is reckoned by the wise as just three muhūrtas; and when the aparāhṇa has passed, the time is called sāyāhna (evening).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.122
दशपञ्च मुहूर्ताह्नो मुहूर्त्तास्त्रय एव च । दशपञ्चमुहूर्त्त वै ह्यहर्वैषुवतं स्मृतम्
daśapañca muhūrtāhno muhūrttāstraya eva ca / daśapañcamuhūrtta vai hyaharvaiṣuvataṃ smṛtam
The day has fifteen muhūrtas, three (for each part); a day of fifteen muhūrtas is indeed reckoned as equinoctial.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.123
वर्द्धन्ते च ह्रसंते च ह्ययने दक्षिणोत्तरे । अहस्तु ग्रसते रात्रिं रात्रिश्च ग्रसते त्वहः
varddhante ca hrasaṃte ca hyayane dakṣiṇottare / ahastu grasate rātriṃ rātriśca grasate tvahaḥ
They increase and decrease in the southern and northern courses (of the sun): the day devours the night, and the night devours the day.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.124
शरद्वसंतयोर्मध्यं विषुवत्परिभाव्यते । अहोरात्रे कलाश्चैव समं सोमः समश्नुते
śaradvasaṃtayormadhyaṃ viṣuvatparibhāvyate / ahorātre kalāścaiva samaṃ somaḥ samaśnute
The mid-point of autumn and of spring is understood as the equinox; the moon partakes equally of day and night and of their divisions.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.125
तथा पञ्चदशाहानि पक्ष इत्यभिधीयते । द्वौच पक्षौभवेन्मासो द्वौमासावर्कजावृतुः
tathā pañcadaśāhāni pakṣa ityabhidhīyate / dvauca pakṣaubhavenmāso dvaumāsāvarkajāvṛtuḥ
Likewise fifteen days is termed a fortnight; two fortnights make a month, and two solar months a season.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.126
ऋतुत्रितयमयने द्वे हि वर्षं तु सौरकम् । निमेषा विद्युतश्चैव काष्टास्ता दश पञ्च च
ṛtutritayamayane dve hi varṣaṃ tu saurakam / nimeṣā vidyutaścaiva kāṣṭāstā daśa pañca ca
Three seasons make a half-year (ayana), and two (ayanas) a solar year. The winks (nimeṣas) are also called vidyuts, and fifteen of them (make) a kāṣṭhā.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.127
कलास्तास्त्रिशतः काष्ठा मात्रा शीतिद्वयात्मिका । सप्तैका द्व्यधिका त्रिशन्मात्रा षटत्रिंशदुत्तरा
kalāstāstriśataḥ kāṣṭhā mātrā śītidvayātmikā / saptaikā dvyadhikā triśanmātrā ṣaṭatriṃśaduttarā
Thirty of those kāṣṭhās (make) a kalā; a mātrā consists of two (units of?) ... ; thirty-two mātrās, seven and one, with thirty-six more.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.128
द्विषाष्टिना त्रयोविंशन्मात्रायाश्च कला भवेत् । चत्वारि शत्सहस्राणि शतान्यष्टौ च विद्युतः
dviṣāṣṭinā trayoviṃśanmātrāyāśca kalā bhavet / catvāri śatsahasrāṇi śatānyaṣṭau ca vidyutaḥ
And by sixty-two (and) twenty-three a kalā of the mātrā comes about; and the vidyuts are forty thousand and eight hundred.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.129
सप्ततिश्चैव तत्रापि नवतिं विद्धि निश्चये । चत्वार्येव शतान्याहुर्विद्युते द्वे च संयुते
saptatiścaiva tatrāpi navatiṃ viddhi niścaye / catvāryeva śatānyāhurvidyute dve ca saṃyute
And seventy there too — know it as ninety in the final reckoning; they say four hundred, and two, when joined, for the vidyut.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.130
वरांशो ह्येष विज्ञेयो नाडिका चात्र कारणम् । संवत्सरादयः पञ्च चतुर्मानविकल्पिताः
varāṃśo hyeṣa vijñeyo nāḍikā cātra kāraṇam / saṃvatsarādayaḥ pañca caturmānavikalpitāḥ
This indeed is to be known as the varāṃśa (portion of the greater unit), and the nāḍikā is the basis here. The five, beginning with saṃvatsara, are distinguished by four measures.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.131
निश्चयः सर्वकालस्य युगमित्यभिधीयते । संवत्सरस्तु प्रथमो द्वितीयः परिवत्सरः
niścayaḥ sarvakālasya yugamityabhidhīyate / saṃvatsarastu prathamo dvitīyaḥ parivatsaraḥ
The fixed determination of all time is called a yuga (of years). The first is the saṃvatsara, the second the parivatsara,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.132
इडावत्सरस्तृतीयस्तु चतुर्थश्चानुवत्सरः । पञ्चमोवत्सरस्तेषां कालस्तु युगसंहितः
iḍāvatsarastṛtīyastu caturthaścānuvatsaraḥ / pañcamovatsarasteṣāṃ kālastu yugasaṃhitaḥ
the third is the iḍāvatsara, the fourth the anuvatsara, and the fifth of them is the vatsara; such is time as comprised in a yuga.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.133
त्रिंशच्छतं भवेत्पूर्णं पर्वणां तु रवेर्युगे । शतान्यष्टादश त्रिंशदुदयाद्भास्करस्य च
triṃśacchataṃ bhavetpūrṇaṃ parvaṇāṃ tu raveryuge / śatānyaṣṭādaśa triṃśadudayādbhāskarasya ca
In a yuga of the sun there would be a full one hundred and thirty parvans (half-months), and one thousand eight hundred and thirty risings of the sun.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.134
ऋतवस्त्रिंशतः सौरादयनानि दशैव तु । पञ्च च त्रिशतं चापि षष्टिवर्षं च भास्करम्
ṛtavastriṃśataḥ saurādayanāni daśaiva tu / pañca ca triśataṃ cāpi ṣaṣṭivarṣaṃ ca bhāskaram
Thirty solar seasons, and just ten half-years; and three hundred and five — and the solar year is of three hundred and sixty (days).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.135
त्रिशदेव त्वहोरात्रास्तैस्तु मासस्तु भास्करः । एकषष्टि त्वहोरात्रमृतुरेको विभाव्यते
triśadeva tvahorātrāstaistu māsastu bhāskaraḥ / ekaṣaṣṭi tvahorātramṛtureko vibhāvyate
Thirty days-and-nights: by these (is reckoned) the solar month; and one season is figured as sixty-one days-and-nights.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.136
अह्नां तु त्र्यधिकाशीतिः शतं चाप्यधिकं भवेत् । मानं तच्चित्रभानोस्तु विज्ञेयमयनस्य ह
ahnāṃ tu tryadhikāśītiḥ śataṃ cāpyadhikaṃ bhavet / mānaṃ taccitrabhānostu vijñeyamayanasya ha
And of days there would be a hundred and eighty-three; that is to be known as the measure of the half-year of the sun (Citrabhānu).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.137
सौरं सौम्यं तु विज्ञेयं नाक्षत्रं सावनं तथा । मानान्येतानि चत्वारि यैःपुराणे हि निश्चयः
sauraṃ saumyaṃ tu vijñeyaṃ nākṣatraṃ sāvanaṃ tathā / mānānyetāni catvāri yaiḥpurāṇe hi niścayaḥ
The solar, the lunar, the sidereal (nākṣatra) and likewise the civil (sāvana) are to be known: these are the four measures by which the reckoning in the Purāṇa is settled.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.138
यः श्वेतस्योत्तरश्चैव शृङ्गवान्नाम पर्व्वतः । त्रीणितस्य तु शृङ्गाणि स्पृशन्तीव नभस्तलम्
yaḥ śvetasyottaraścaiva śṛṅgavānnāma parvvataḥ / trīṇitasya tu śṛṅgāṇi spṛśantīva nabhastalam
There is the mountain named Śṛṅgavān, which lies north of Śveta; its three peaks seem to touch the vault of the sky.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.139
तैश्चापि शृङ्गैस्सनगः शृङ्गवा निति कथ्यते । एकश्च मार्गविष्कंभविस्तारश्चास्य कीर्तितः
taiścāpi śṛṅgaissanagaḥ śṛṅgavā niti kathyate / ekaśca mārgaviṣkaṃbhavistāraścāsya kīrtitaḥ
And because of those peaks the mountain is called Śṛṅgavān ('the Peaked One'); and its breadth and extent (as reckoned along) a single course have been declared.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.140
तस्य वै पूर्वतः शृङ्गं मध्यमं तद्धिरण्मयम् । दक्षिणं राजतं चैव शृङ्गं तु स्फटिकप्रभम्
tasya vai pūrvataḥ śṛṅgaṃ madhyamaṃ taddhiraṇmayam / dakṣiṇaṃ rājataṃ caiva śṛṅgaṃ tu sphaṭikaprabham
Its eastern peak, the middle one, is made of gold; the southern one is of silver, a peak with the sheen of crystal;
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.141
सर्वरत्नमयं चैव शृङ्गमुत्तरमुत्तमम् । एवं कूटैस्त्रिभिः शैलः शृङ्गवानिति विश्रुतः
sarvaratnamayaṃ caiva śṛṅgamuttaramuttamam / evaṃ kūṭaistribhiḥ śailaḥ śṛṅgavāniti viśrutaḥ
and the northern peak, the highest, is made of all jewels. Thus, with its three summits, the mountain is renowned as Śṛṅgavān.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.142
यत्तद्वै पूर्वतः शृङ्गं तदर्कः प्रतिपद्यते । शरद्वसंतयोर्मध्ये मध्यमां गतिमास्थितः
yattadvai pūrvataḥ śṛṅgaṃ tadarkaḥ pratipadyate / śaradvasaṃtayormadhye madhyamāṃ gatimāsthitaḥ
That peak which is on the east — the sun reaches it, having taken up its middle course, between autumn and spring.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.143
अतस्तुल्यमहोरात्रं करोति तिमिरा पहः । हरिताश्च हया दिव्यास्तस्य युक्ता महारथे । अनुलिप्ता इवाभान्ति पद्मरक्तैर्गभस्तिभिः
atastulyamahorātraṃ karoti timirā pahaḥ / haritāśca hayā divyāstasya yuktā mahārathe / anuliptā ivābhānti padmaraktairgabhastibhiḥ
Therefore the dispeller of darkness makes day and night equal. And his divine green horses, yoked to the great chariot, look as though smeared over by his lotus-red rays.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.144
मेषति च तुलान्ते च भास्करोदयतः स्मृताः । मुहूर्त्ता दश पञ्चैव अहो रात्रिश्च तावती
meṣati ca tulānte ca bhāskarodayataḥ smṛtāḥ / muhūrttā daśa pañcaiva aho rātriśca tāvatī
At (the end of) Aries and at the end of Libra, reckoned from sunrise, fifteen muhūrtas are declared (for the day), and the night is just as long.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.145
कृत्तिकानां यदा सूर्यः प्रथमां शगतो भवेत् । विशाखानां तदा ज्ञेयश्चतुर्थांश निशाकरः
kṛttikānāṃ yadā sūryaḥ prathamāṃ śagato bhavet / viśākhānāṃ tadā jñeyaścaturthāṃśa niśākaraḥ
When the sun has gone to the first quarter of the Kṛttikās, then the moon is to be known as in the fourth quarter of the Viśākhās.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.148
विशाखानां यदा सूर्यश्चरतेंशं तृतीयकम् । तदा चन्द्रं विजानीयात्कृत्तिकाशिरसि स्थितम् ॥ ब्न्द्प्_१,२१।१४६ ॥ विषुवं तं विजानीयादेवमाहुर्महर्षयः ॥ ब्न्द्प्_१,२१।१४७ ॥ सूर्येण विषुवं विद्या त्कालं सोमेन लक्षयेत् । समा रात्रिरहश्चैव यदा तद्विषुवं भवेत्
viśākhānāṃ yadā sūryaścarateṃśaṃ tṛtīyakam / tadā candraṃ vijānīyātkṛttikāśirasi sthitam // bndp_1,21.146 // viṣuvaṃ taṃ vijānīyādevamāhurmaharṣayaḥ // bndp_1,21.147 // sūryeṇa viṣuvaṃ vidyā tkālaṃ somena lakṣayet / samā rātrirahaścaiva yadā tadviṣuvaṃ bhavet
When the sun traverses the third portion of the Viśākhās, then one should know the moon to be situated at the head of the Kṛttikās. (146) That one should know as the equinox — thus the great seers have said. (147) By the sun one may know the equinox; by the moon one should mark the time. When night and day are equal, then that is the equinox.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.149
तदा दानानि देयानि पितृभ्यो विषुवेषु च । ब्राह्मणेभ्यो विशेषेण मुखमेतत्तु दैवतम्
tadā dānāni deyāni pitṛbhyo viṣuveṣu ca / brāhmaṇebhyo viśeṣeṇa mukhametattu daivatam
Then gifts are to be given to the fathers, and at the equinoxes especially to the brahmins — for this is the mouth of the deities.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.150
ऊनमासाधिमासौ च कला काष्ठा मुहूर्त्तकाः । पौर्णमासी तथा ज्ञेया अमावास्या तथैव च । सिनीवाली कुहूश्चैव राका चानुमतिस्तथा
ūnamāsādhimāsau ca kalā kāṣṭhā muhūrttakāḥ / paurṇamāsī tathā jñeyā amāvāsyā tathaiva ca / sinīvālī kuhūścaiva rākā cānumatistathā
And the deficient month and the intercalary month, the kalā, the kāṣṭhā, the muhūrtas; likewise the full-moon day is to be known, and just so the new-moon day, and Sinīvālī and Kuhū, and Rākā and Anumati.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.153
तपस्तपस्यौ मदुमाधवौ च शुक्रःशुचिश्चायनमुत्तरं स्यात् । नभोनभस्याविषऊर्जसंज्ञौ सहःसहस्याविति दक्षिणं स्यात् ॥ ब्न्द्प्_१,२१।१५१ ॥ आर्तवाश्च ततो ज्ञेया पञ्चाब्दा ब्रह्मणाः सुताः ॥ ब्न्द्प्_१,२१।१५२ ॥ तस्माच्च ऋतवो ज्ञेया ऋतुभ्यो ह्यार्त्तवाः स्मृताः । तस्मादृतुमुखी ज्ञेया अमावास्यास्य पर्वणः
tapastapasyau madumādhavau ca śukraḥśuciścāyanamuttaraṃ syāt / nabhonabhasyāviṣaūrjasaṃjñau sahaḥsahasyāviti dakṣiṇaṃ syāt // bndp_1,21.151 // ārtavāśca tato jñeyā pañcābdā brahmaṇāḥ sutāḥ // bndp_1,21.152 // tasmācca ṛtavo jñeyā ṛtubhyo hyārttavāḥ smṛtāḥ / tasmādṛtumukhī jñeyā amāvāsyāsya parvaṇaḥ
Tapas and Tapasya, Madhu and Mādhava, Śukra and Śuci — that would be the northern course; Nabhas and Nabhasya, those named Iṣa and Ūrja, and Sahas and Sahasya — that would be the southern. (151) From that the Ārtavas are to be known, the five sons of Brahmā of the year. (152) And from that the seasons are to be known; from the seasons indeed the Ārtavas are held (to come). Hence the new-moon day of this conjunction is to be known as the mouth of the season.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.154
तस्मात्तु विषुवं ज्ञेयं पितृदेवहितं सदा । पर्व ज्ञात्वा न मुह्येत पित्र्ये दैवे च मानवः
tasmāttu viṣuvaṃ jñeyaṃ pitṛdevahitaṃ sadā / parva jñātvā na muhyeta pitrye daive ca mānavaḥ
Therefore the equinox is to be known, always beneficial to the fathers and the gods; knowing the conjunction, a man should not go astray in the rites for the fathers and for the gods.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.155
तस्मात्स्मृतं प्रचानां वै विषुवत्सर्वगं सदा । आलोकात्तु स्मृतो लोको लोकालोकः स उच्यते
tasmātsmṛtaṃ pracānāṃ vai viṣuvatsarvagaṃ sadā / ālokāttu smṛto loko lokālokaḥ sa ucyate
Therefore the equinox is held by creatures to be always all-pervading. From 'āloka' (light/visibility) the 'loka' (world) is held (to be named); that is called Lokāloka.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.156
लोकपालाः स्थितास्तत्र लोकालोकस्य मध्यतः । चत्वारस्ते महात्मानस्तिष्टन्त्याभूतसंप्लवात्
lokapālāḥ sthitāstatra lokālokasya madhyataḥ / catvāraste mahātmānastiṣṭantyābhūtasaṃplavāt
There, at the middle of Lokāloka, the world-guardians are stationed; those four great-souled ones remain until the dissolution of beings.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.157
सुधामा चैव वैराजः कर्दमः शङ्खपास्तथा । हिरण्यरोमा पर्जन्यः केतुमान्राजसश्च यः
sudhāmā caiva vairājaḥ kardamaḥ śaṅkhapāstathā / hiraṇyaromā parjanyaḥ ketumānrājasaśca yaḥ
Sudhāman and Vairāja, Kardama and likewise Śaṅkhapās, Hiraṇyaromā, Parjanya, Ketumān, and he who is Rājasa.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.158
निर्द्वन्द्वा निरभीमाना निः सीमा निष्परिग्रहाः । लोकपालाः स्थिता ह्येते लोकालोके चतुर्दिशम्
nirdvandvā nirabhīmānā niḥ sīmā niṣparigrahāḥ / lokapālāḥ sthitā hyete lokāloke caturdiśam
Free from the pairs (of opposites), free from pride, without bounds, without possessions — these world-guardians stand at Lokāloka, in the four directions.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.159
उत्तरं यदपस्तस्य ह्यजवीथ्याश्च दक्षिणाम् । पितृयानः स वै पन्था वैश्वानरपथाद्वहिः
uttaraṃ yadapastasya hyajavīthyāśca dakṣiṇām / pitṛyānaḥ sa vai panthā vaiśvānarapathādvahiḥ
What is north of that and south of the Goat's Path — that is the road, the way of the fathers, outside the path of Vaiśvānara.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.160
तत्रासते प्रजावन्तो मुनयो ये ऽग्निहोत्रिणः । लोकस्य संतानकराः पितृयानपथे स्थिताः
tatrāsate prajāvanto munayo ye 'gnihotriṇaḥ / lokasya saṃtānakarāḥ pitṛyānapathe sthitāḥ
There dwell the sages who have offspring and who maintain the fire-sacrifice, the continuers of the world's line, stationed on the path of the way of the fathers.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.161
भूतारंभकृतं कर्म आशिषो ऋत्विगुद्यताः । प्रारभन्ते लोककामास्तेषां पन्थाः स दक्षिणाः
bhūtāraṃbhakṛtaṃ karma āśiṣo ṛtvigudyatāḥ / prārabhante lokakāmāsteṣāṃ panthāḥ sa dakṣiṇāḥ
The rite that is performed with the undertaking of (producing) beings, the blessings, the priests set to work — these they begin, desiring (higher) worlds; theirs is that southern path.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.162
चलितं ते पुनर्धर्मं स्थापयन्ति युगेयुगे । संतप्तास्तपसा चैव मर्यादाभिः श्रुतेन च
calitaṃ te punardharmaṃ sthāpayanti yugeyuge / saṃtaptāstapasā caiva maryādābhiḥ śrutena ca
Age after age they re-establish the Law when it has slipped, being purified by austerity, by the (set) limits, and by sacred learning.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.163
जायमानास्तु पूर्वे वै पश्चिमानां गृहे ष्विह । पश्चिमाश्चैव पूर्वेषां जायन्ते निधनेष्वपि
jāyamānāstu pūrve vai paścimānāṃ gṛhe ṣviha / paścimāścaiva pūrveṣāṃ jāyante nidhaneṣvapi
The earlier ones are born here in the houses of the later ones, and the later ones too are born (in the houses) of the earlier at their deaths.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.164
एवमावर्त्तमानास्ते तिष्ठन्त्याभूतसंप्लवात् । अष्टाशीतिसहस्राणि ऋषीमाङ्गृहमेधिनाम्
evamāvarttamānāste tiṣṭhantyābhūtasaṃplavāt / aṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi ṛṣīmāṅgṛhamedhinām
Thus revolving, they remain until the dissolution of beings — eighty-eight thousand householder sages.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.165
सवितुर्दक्षिणं मार्गश्रिता ह्याचन्द्रतारकम् । क्रियावतां प्रसंख्यैषा ये श्मशानानि भेजिरे
saviturdakṣiṇaṃ mārgaśritā hyācandratārakam / kriyāvatāṃ prasaṃkhyaiṣā ye śmaśānāni bhejire
They cling to the southern path of the sun as long as moon and stars endure; this is the count of the ritual performers, who have resorted to the cremation grounds.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.166
लोकसंव्यवहाराश्च भूतारंभकृतेन च । इच्छाद्वेषप्रवृत्त्या च मैथुनोपगमेन वै
lokasaṃvyavahārāśca bhūtāraṃbhakṛtena ca / icchādveṣapravṛttyā ca maithunopagamena vai
And (this comes about) through worldly transactions and through the undertaking of (producing) beings, and through the activity of desire and aversion, and through resort to sexual union,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.167
तथा कामकृतेनेह सेवनाद्विषयस्य च । एतैस्तैः कारणैः सिद्धा ये श्मशानानि भेजिरे
tathā kāmakṛteneha sevanādviṣayasya ca / etaistaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ siddhā ye śmaśānāni bhejire
and likewise through what is done from desire here, and from the enjoyment of sense-objects: by these very causes, those who have attained (their state) have resorted to the cremation grounds.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.168
प्रचैषिणस्ते मुनयो द्वापरेष्विह जज्ञिरे । नागवीथ्युत्तरो यश्च सप्तर्षिगणदक्षिणः
pracaiṣiṇaste munayo dvāpareṣviha jajñire / nāgavīthyuttaro yaśca saptarṣigaṇadakṣiṇaḥ
Those sages, seekers of offspring, were born here in the Dvāpara ages. And that which is north of the Serpent's Path and south of the group of the Seven Sages —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.169
उत्तरः सवितुः पन्था देवयानश्च स स्मृतः । यत्र ते वासिनः सिद्धा विमला ब्रह्मचारिणः
uttaraḥ savituḥ panthā devayānaśca sa smṛtaḥ / yatra te vāsinaḥ siddhā vimalā brahmacāriṇaḥ
— that is the northern path of the sun, and it is called the way of the gods, where dwell those adepts, stainless, observing chastity.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.170
संततिं ते जुगुप्संते तस्मान्मृत्युस्तु तैर्जितः । अष्टाशीतिसहस्राणि ऋषीणामूर्द्ध्वरेतसाम्
saṃtatiṃ te jugupsaṃte tasmānmṛtyustu tairjitaḥ / aṣṭāśītisahasrāṇi ṛṣīṇāmūrddhvaretasām
They shun offspring; therefore death has been conquered by them. Eighty-eight thousand sages whose seed flows upward —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.171
उदक्पन्थानमत्यर्थं श्रिता ह्याश्रितसंप्लवात् । ते संप्रयोगाल्लोकस्य मैथुनस्य च वर्जनात्
udakpanthānamatyarthaṃ śritā hyāśritasaṃplavāt / te saṃprayogāllokasya maithunasya ca varjanāt
— have resorted exceedingly to the northern path, (abiding) until the dissolution (of beings); through disengagement from the world and through avoidance of sexual union,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.172
इच्छाद्वेषनिवृत्त्या च भूतारंभविवर्जनात् । पुनश्चाकामसंयोगाच्छब्दादेर्देषदर् शनात्
icchādveṣanivṛttyā ca bhūtāraṃbhavivarjanāt / punaścākāmasaṃyogācchabdāderdeṣadar śanāt
and through the ceasing of desire and aversion, through avoiding the initiating of (new) beings, and again through non-association with desire, and through seeing the defect in sound and the other (objects of sense) —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.173
इत्येतैः कारणैः सिद्धास्ते ऽमृतत्वं हि भेजिरे । आभूतसंप्लवस्थानाममृतत्वं विभाव्यते
ityetaiḥ kāraṇaiḥ siddhāste 'mṛtatvaṃ hi bhejire / ābhūtasaṃplavasthānāmamṛtatvaṃ vibhāvyate
— by these causes those perfected ones attained immortality; the immortality of those who abide until the dissolution of beings is (thus) to be understood.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
BndP 1 21.174
त्रैलोक्यस्थिति कालाय पुनर्दाराभिगमिनाम् । ब्रूणहत्याश्वमेधाभ्यां पुण्यपापकृतो ऽपरे
trailokyasthiti kālāya punardārābhigaminām / brūṇahatyāśvamedhābhyāṃ puṇyapāpakṛto 'pare
Others, who go again to their wives, doing merit and demerit, (last) only for the duration of the three worlds — (as it is) with the killing of an embryo and with the horse-sacrifice.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.175
आभूतसंप्लवान्ते तु क्षीयं ते ह्यूर्ध्वरेतसः । उर्द्ध्वोत्तरमृषिभ्यस्तु ध्रुवो यत्र स वै स्मृतः
ābhūtasaṃplavānte tu kṣīyaṃ te hyūrdhvaretasaḥ / urddhvottaramṛṣibhyastu dhruvo yatra sa vai smṛtaḥ
But at the end of the dissolution of beings even those of upward-flowing seed pass away. Above and beyond the sages is that (place) where Dhruva is said (to be).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
BndP 1 21.176
एतद्विष्णुपदं दिव्यं तृतीयं व्योम्नि भास्वरम् । यत्र गत्वा न शोचन्ति तद्विष्णोः परमं पदम् । धर्मध्रुवाद्यास्तिष्ठन्ति यत्र ते लोकसाधकाः
etadviṣṇupadaṃ divyaṃ tṛtīyaṃ vyomni bhāsvaram / yatra gatvā na śocanti tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padam / dharmadhruvādyāstiṣṭhanti yatra te lokasādhakāḥ
This is the divine third station of Viṣṇu, shining in the sky, going to which they do not grieve — that is the highest station of Viṣṇu, where those accomplishers of the worlds, Dharma, Dhruva and the rest, abide.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition