Brahma Purana — Chapter 31

BrP 31.1

आदित्यमूलम् अखिलं त्रैलोक्यं मुनिसत्तमाः भवत्य् अस्माज् जगत् सर्वं सदेवासुरमानुषम् ॥

ādityamūlam akhilaṃ trailokyaṃ munisattamāḥ bhavaty asmāj jagat sarvaṃ sadevāsuramānuṣam //

The entire triple world has the sun as its root, O best of sages; from him arises this whole world, with its gods, demons, and men.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.2

रुद्रोपेन्द्रमहेन्द्राणां विप्रेन्द्रत्रिदिवौकसाम् महाद्युतिमतां चैव तेजो ऽयं सार्वलौकिकम् ॥

rudropendramahendrāṇāṃ viprendratridivaukasām mahādyutimatāṃ caiva tejo 'yaṃ sārvalaukikam //

This is the universal radiance of Rudra, Upendra, and Mahendra, of the chief of brahmins and the dwellers in the third heaven, and of (all) those of great brilliance.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.3

सर्वात्मा सर्वलोकेशो देवदेवः प्रजापतिः सूर्य एव त्रिलोकस्य मूलं परमदैवतम् ॥

sarvātmā sarvalokeśo devadevaḥ prajāpatiḥ sūrya eva trilokasya mūlaṃ paramadaivatam //

The self of all, lord of all worlds, god of gods, lord of creatures — the sun alone is the root of the triple world, the supreme deity.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.4

अग्नौ प्रास्ताहुतिः सम्यग् आदित्यम् उपतिष्ठते आदित्याज् जायते वृष्टिर् वृष्टेर् अन्नं ततः प्रजाः ॥

agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyag ādityam upatiṣṭhate ādityāj jāyate vṛṣṭir vṛṣṭer annaṃ tataḥ prajāḥ //

The oblation properly cast into the fire goes up to the sun; from the sun rain is born, from rain food, and from that creatures.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.5

सूर्यात् प्रसूयते सर्वं तत्र चैव प्रलीयते भावाभावौ हि लोकानाम् आदित्यान् निःसृतौ पुरा ॥

sūryāt prasūyate sarvaṃ tatra caiva pralīyate bhāvābhāvau hi lokānām ādityān niḥsṛtau purā //

From the sun everything is brought forth, and in him it dissolves; for the coming-to-be and ceasing-to-be of the worlds issued forth of old from the sun.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.6

एतत् तु ध्यानिनां ध्यानं मोक्षश् चाप्य् एष मोक्षिणाम् तत्र गच्छन्ति निर्वाणं जायन्ते ऽस्मात् पुनः पुनः ॥

etat tu dhyānināṃ dhyānaṃ mokṣaś cāpy eṣa mokṣiṇām tatra gacchanti nirvāṇaṃ jāyante 'smāt punaḥ punaḥ //

This is the meditation of those who meditate, and this is the release of those who are released; there they go to extinction, and from him they are born again and again.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.7

क्षणा मुहूर्ता दिवसा निशा पक्षाश् च नित्यशः मासाः संवत्सराश् चैव ऋतवश् च युगानि च ॥

kṣaṇā muhūrtā divasā niśā pakṣāś ca nityaśaḥ māsāḥ saṃvatsarāś caiva ṛtavaś ca yugāni ca //

Moments, hours, days, night, and the fortnights perpetually, months and years, the seasons and the ages —

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.8

अथादित्याद् ऋते ह्य् एषां कालसंख्या न विद्यते कालाद् ऋते न नियमो नाग्नौ विहरणक्रिया ॥

athādityād ṛte hy eṣāṃ kālasaṃkhyā na vidyate kālād ṛte na niyamo nāgnau viharaṇakriyā //

now, apart from the sun there is no reckoning of time for these; and apart from time there is no fixed rule, nor the act of tending the fire.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.9

ऋतूनाम् अविभागश् च ततः पुष्पफलं कुतः कुतो वै सस्यनिष्पत्तिस् तृणौषधिगणः कुतः ॥

ṛtūnām avibhāgaś ca tataḥ puṣpaphalaṃ kutaḥ kuto vai sasyaniṣpattis tṛṇauṣadhigaṇaḥ kutaḥ //

And (there would be) no division of the seasons; whence then flower and fruit? Whence indeed the ripening of crops, whence the host of grasses and herbs?

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.10

अभावो व्यवहाराणां जन्तूनां दिवि चेह च जगत्प्रभावाद् विशते भास्कराद् वारितस्करात् ॥

abhāvo vyavahārāṇāṃ jantūnāṃ divi ceha ca jagatprabhāvād viśate bhāskarād vāritaskarāt //

(There would be) an absence of the dealings of living beings, in heaven and here. From the sun, the source of the world's power, the taker-up of water, (all) enters (into being).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

BrP 31.11

नावृष्ट्या तपते सूर्यो नावृष्ट्या परिशुष्यति नावृष्ट्या परिधिं धत्ते वारिणा दीप्यते रविः ॥

nāvṛṣṭyā tapate sūryo nāvṛṣṭyā pariśuṣyati nāvṛṣṭyā paridhiṃ dhatte vāriṇā dīpyate raviḥ //

Not without rain does the sun scorch, not without rain does it dry up, not without rain does it wear a halo: it is by water that the sun blazes.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

BrP 31.12

वसन्ते कपिलः सूर्यो ग्रीष्मे काञ्चनसंनिभः श्वेतो वर्षासु वर्णेन पाण्डुः शरदि भास्करः ॥

vasante kapilaḥ sūryo grīṣme kāñcanasaṃnibhaḥ śveto varṣāsu varṇena pāṇḍuḥ śaradi bhāskaraḥ //

In spring the sun is tawny, in the hot season like gold, white in the rains, and in autumn the sun is pale in colour.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.13

हेमन्ते ताम्रवर्णाभः शिशिरे लोहितो रविः इति वर्णाः समाख्याताः सूर्यस्य ऋतुसंभवाः ॥

hemante tāmravarṇābhaḥ śiśire lohito raviḥ iti varṇāḥ samākhyātāḥ sūryasya ṛtusaṃbhavāḥ //

In early winter he has the sheen of copper, in the cool season the sun is red. Thus are declared the colours of the sun as they arise with the seasons.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.14

ऋतुस्वभाववर्णैश् च सूर्यः क्षेमसुभिक्षकृत् अथादित्यस्य नामानि सामान्यानि द्विजोत्तमाः ॥

ṛtusvabhāvavarṇaiś ca sūryaḥ kṣemasubhikṣakṛt athādityasya nāmāni sāmānyāni dvijottamāḥ //

And by the colours natural to the seasons the sun brings about security and abundance of food. Now (hear) the general names of the sun, O best of the twice-born.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.15

द्वादशैव पृथक्त्वेन तानि वक्ष्याम्य् अशेषतः आदित्यः सविता सूर्यो मिहिरो ऽर्कः प्रभाकरः ॥

dvādaśaiva pṛthaktvena tāni vakṣyāmy aśeṣataḥ ādityaḥ savitā sūryo mihiro 'rkaḥ prabhākaraḥ //

There are just twelve of them severally; I shall tell them completely: Āditya, Savitā, Sūrya, Mihira, Arka, Prabhākara,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.16

मार्तण्डो भास्करो भानुश् चित्रभानुर् दिवाकरः रविर् द्वादशभिस् तेषां ज्ञेयः सामान्यनामभिः ॥

mārtaṇḍo bhāskaro bhānuś citrabhānur divākaraḥ ravir dvādaśabhis teṣāṃ jñeyaḥ sāmānyanāmabhiḥ //

Mārtaṇḍa, Bhāskara, Bhānu, Citrabhānu, Divākara, Ravi — by these twelve general names of theirs he is to be known.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.17

विष्णुर् धाता भगः पूषा मित्रेन्द्रौ वरुणो ऽर्यमा विवस्वान् अंशुमांस् त्वष्टा पर्जन्यो द्वादशः स्मृतः ॥

viṣṇur dhātā bhagaḥ pūṣā mitrendrau varuṇo 'ryamā vivasvān aṃśumāṃs tvaṣṭā parjanyo dvādaśaḥ smṛtaḥ //

Viṣṇu, Dhātā, Bhaga, Pūṣā, Mitra and Indra, Varuṇa, Aryamā, Vivasvān, Aṃśumān, Tvaṣṭā, and Parjanya is reckoned the twelfth.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.18

इत्य् एते द्वादशादित्याः पृथक्त्वेन व्यवस्थिताः उत्तिष्ठन्ति सदा ह्य् एते मासैर् द्वादशभिः क्रमात् ॥

ity ete dvādaśādityāḥ pṛthaktvena vyavasthitāḥ uttiṣṭhanti sadā hy ete māsair dvādaśabhiḥ kramāt //

Thus these twelve Ādityas are established severally; for they always rise in succession with the twelve months.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.19

विष्णुस् तपति चैत्रे तु वैशाखे चार्यमा तथा विवस्वाञ् ज्येष्ठमासे तु आषाढे चांशुमान् स्मृतः ॥

viṣṇus tapati caitre tu vaiśākhe cāryamā tathā vivasvāñ jyeṣṭhamāse tu āṣāḍhe cāṃśumān smṛtaḥ //

Viṣṇu gives heat in Caitra, and Aryaman likewise in Vaiśākha; Vivasvān in the month of Jyeṣṭha, and in Āṣāḍha Aṃśumān is recorded.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.20

पर्जन्यः श्रावणे मासि वरुणः प्रौष्ठसंज्ञके इन्द्र आश्वयुजे मासि धाता तपति कार्त्तिके ॥

parjanyaḥ śrāvaṇe māsi varuṇaḥ prauṣṭhasaṃjñake indra āśvayuje māsi dhātā tapati kārttike //

Parjanya in the month of Śrāvaṇa, Varuṇa in the one named Prauṣṭha (Bhādrapada), Indra in the month of Āśvayuja, and Dhātā gives heat in Kārttika.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.21

मार्गशीर्षे तथा मित्रः पौषे पूषा दिवाकरः माघे भगस् तु विज्ञेयस् त्वष्टा तपति फाल्गुने ॥

mārgaśīrṣe tathā mitraḥ pauṣe pūṣā divākaraḥ māghe bhagas tu vijñeyas tvaṣṭā tapati phālgune //

So too Mitra in Mārgaśīrṣa, in Pauṣa the day-maker Pūṣan; in Māgha Bhaga is to be known, and Tvaṣṭā gives heat in Phālguna.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.22

शतैर् द्वादशभिर् विष्णू रश्मिभिर् दीप्यते सदा दीप्यते गोसहस्रेण शतैश् च त्रिभिर् अर्यमा ॥

śatair dvādaśabhir viṣṇū raśmibhir dīpyate sadā dīpyate gosahasreṇa śataiś ca tribhir aryamā //

Viṣṇu shines always with twelve hundred rays; Aryaman shines with a thousand and three hundred rays.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.23

द्विःसप्तकैर् विवस्वांस् तु अंशुमान् पञ्चभिस् त्रिभिः विवस्वान् इव पर्जन्यो वरुणश् चार्यमा तथा ॥

dviḥsaptakair vivasvāṃs tu aṃśumān pañcabhis tribhiḥ vivasvān iva parjanyo varuṇaś cāryamā tathā //

Vivasvān with twice seven (hundred), and Aṃśumān with five and three (i.e. eight hundred); Parjanya like Vivasvān, and Varuṇa like Aryaman.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

BrP 31.24

मित्रवद् भगवांस् त्वष्टा सहस्रेण शतेन च इन्द्रस् तु द्विगुणैः षड्भिर् धातैकादशभिः शतैः ॥

mitravad bhagavāṃs tvaṣṭā sahasreṇa śatena ca indras tu dviguṇaiḥ ṣaḍbhir dhātaikādaśabhiḥ śataiḥ //

Like Mitra is the lord Tvaṣṭā, with a thousand and a hundred; but Indra with twice six (hundred), Dhātā with eleven hundred.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

BrP 31.25

सहस्रेण तु मित्रो वै पूषा तु नवभिः शतैः उत्तरोपक्रमे ऽर्कस्य वर्धन्ते रश्मयस् तथा ॥

sahasreṇa tu mitro vai pūṣā tu navabhiḥ śataiḥ uttaropakrame 'rkasya vardhante raśmayas tathā //

Mitra indeed with a thousand, and Pūṣan with nine hundred; and so, at the sun's northward course, the rays increase.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.26

दक्षिणोपक्रमे भूयो ह्रसन्ते सूर्यरश्मयः एवं रश्मिसहस्रं तु सूर्यलोकाद् अनुग्रहम् ॥

dakṣiṇopakrame bhūyo hrasante sūryaraśmayaḥ evaṃ raśmisahasraṃ tu sūryalokād anugraham //

At the southward course the sun's rays again diminish. Thus the thousand rays (are) a favour from the sun's world.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

BrP 31.27

एवं नाम्नां चतुर्विंशद् एक एषां प्रकीर्तितः विस्तरेण सहस्रं तु पुनर् अन्यत् प्रकीर्तितम् ॥

evaṃ nāmnāṃ caturviṃśad eka eṣāṃ prakīrtitaḥ vistareṇa sahasraṃ tu punar anyat prakīrtitam //

Thus one set of twenty-four of these names has been proclaimed; and at length a thousand others again have been proclaimed.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

BrP 31.28

ये तन्नामसहस्रेण स्तुवन्त्य् अर्कं प्रजापते तेषां भवति किं पुण्यं गतिश् च परमेश्वर ॥

ye tannāmasahasreṇa stuvanty arkaṃ prajāpate teṣāṃ bhavati kiṃ puṇyaṃ gatiś ca parameśvara //

Those who praise the sun with that thousand of names, O Prajāpati — what merit accrues to them, and what course (after death), O supreme lord?

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.29

शृणुध्वं मुनिशार्दूलाः सारभूतं सनातनम् अलं नामसहस्रेण पठन्न् एवं स्तवं शुभम् ॥

śṛṇudhvaṃ muniśārdūlāḥ sārabhūtaṃ sanātanam alaṃ nāmasahasreṇa paṭhann evaṃ stavaṃ śubham //

Hear, tigers among sages, the eternal essence: enough it is, in place of the thousand names, to recite thus this auspicious hymn of praise.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

BrP 31.30

यानि नामानि गुह्यानि पवित्राणि शुभानि च तानि वः कीर्तयिष्यामि शृणुध्वं भास्करस्य वै ॥

yāni nāmāni guhyāni pavitrāṇi śubhāni ca tāni vaḥ kīrtayiṣyāmi śṛṇudhvaṃ bhāskarasya vai //

Those names which are secret, purifying and auspicious — those of the Sun I shall proclaim to you: listen.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.31

विकर्तनो विवस्वांश् च मार्तण्डो भास्करो रविः लोकप्रकाशकः श्रीमांल् लोकचक्षुर् महेश्वरः ॥

vikartano vivasvāṃś ca mārtaṇḍo bhāskaro raviḥ lokaprakāśakaḥ śrīmāṃl lokacakṣur maheśvaraḥ //

Vikartana, Vivasvān, Mārtaṇḍa, Bhāskara, Ravi, illuminator of the world, glorious one, eye of the world, great lord;

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.32

लोकसाक्षी त्रिलोकेशः कर्ता हर्ता तमिस्रहा तपनस् तापनश् चैव शुचिः सप्ताश्ववाहनः ॥

lokasākṣī trilokeśaḥ kartā hartā tamisrahā tapanas tāpanaś caiva śuciḥ saptāśvavāhanaḥ //

witness of the world, lord of the three worlds, maker, destroyer, slayer of darkness, burning, scorching, pure, borne by seven horses;

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.33

गभस्तिहस्तो ब्रह्मा च सर्वदेवनमस्कृतः एकविंशति इत्य् एष स्तव इष्टः सदा रवेः ॥

gabhastihasto brahmā ca sarvadevanamaskṛtaḥ ekaviṃśati ity eṣa stava iṣṭaḥ sadā raveḥ //

holding rays in his hand, and Brahmā, saluted by all the gods — these twenty-one: such is the hymn ever dear to Ravi.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.34

शरीरारोग्यदश् चैव धनवृद्धियशस्करः स्तवराज इति ख्यातस् त्रिषु लोकेषु विश्रुतः ॥

śarīrārogyadaś caiva dhanavṛddhiyaśaskaraḥ stavarāja iti khyātas triṣu lokeṣu viśrutaḥ //

It gives health of body and brings increase of wealth and fame; it is known as the king of hymns, renowned in the three worlds.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.35

य एतेन द्विजश्रेष्ठा द्विसंध्ये ऽस्तमनोदये स्तौति सूर्यं शुचिर् भूत्वा सर्वपापैः प्रमुच्यते ॥

ya etena dvijaśreṣṭhā dvisaṃdhye 'stamanodaye stauti sūryaṃ śucir bhūtvā sarvapāpaiḥ pramucyate //

Whoever, O best of the twice-born, having become pure, praises the sun with this at the two junctures, at setting and rising, is freed from all sins.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.36

मानसं वाचिकं वापि देहजं कर्मजं तथा एकजप्येन तत् सर्वं नश्यत्य् अर्कस्य संनिधौ ॥

mānasaṃ vācikaṃ vāpi dehajaṃ karmajaṃ tathā ekajapyena tat sarvaṃ naśyaty arkasya saṃnidhau //

Whether (sin) born of mind, of speech, of body, or of action — by a single recitation all that perishes in the presence of the sun.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.37

एकजप्यश् च होमश् च संध्योपासनम् एव च धूपमन्त्रार्घ्यमन्त्रश् च बलिमन्त्रस् तथैव च ॥

ekajapyaś ca homaś ca saṃdhyopāsanam eva ca dhūpamantrārghyamantraś ca balimantras tathaiva ca //

Single recitation, and oblation, and the worship at the junctures of day, and the incense-formula and the water-offering formula, and likewise the formula of the food-offering;

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.38

अन्नप्रदाने दाने च प्रणिपाते प्रदक्षिणे पूजितो ऽयं महामन्त्रः सर्वपापहरः शुभः ॥

annapradāne dāne ca praṇipāte pradakṣiṇe pūjito 'yaṃ mahāmantraḥ sarvapāpaharaḥ śubhaḥ //

in the giving of food, in gift-giving, in prostration, in circumambulation — this great formula, when honoured, is auspicious and removes all sin.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

BrP 31.39

तस्माद् यूयं प्रयत्नेन स्तवेनानेन वै द्विजाः स्तुवीध्वं वरदं देवं सर्वकामफलप्रदम् ॥

tasmād yūyaṃ prayatnena stavenānena vai dvijāḥ stuvīdhvaṃ varadaṃ devaṃ sarvakāmaphalapradam //

Therefore, O twice-born, with effort praise with this hymn the boon-giving god who grants the fruit of every desire.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition