Bhagavad Gita — Chapter 1
BG 1.1
धृतराष्ट्र उवाच धर्मक्षेत्रे कुरुक्षेत्रे समवेता युयुत्सवः। मामकाः पाण्डवाश्चैव किमकुर्वत सञ्जय
dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca dharmakṣetre kurukṣetre samavetā yuyutsavaḥ| māmakāḥ pāṇḍavāścaiva kimakurvata sañjaya
Dhritarâshtra said: On the holy plain, on the field of Kuru, gathered together, eager for battle, what did they, O Sanjaya, my people and the Pândavas?
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.2
सञ्जय उवाच दृष्ट्वा तु पाण्डवानीकं व्यूढं दुर्योधनस्तदा। आचार्यमुपसङ्गम्य राजा वचनमब्रवीत्
sañjaya uvāca dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkaṃ vyūḍhaṃ duryodhanastadā| ācāryamupasaṅgamya rājā vacanamabravīt
Sanjaya said: Having seen arrayed the army of the Pândavas, the Prince Duryodhana approached his teacher, and spake these words:
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.3
पश्यैतां पाण्डुपुत्राणामाचार्य महतीं चमूम्। व्यूढां द्रुपदपुत्रेण तव शिष्येण धीमता
paśyaitāṃ pāṇḍuputrāṇāmācārya mahatīṃ camūm| vyūḍhāṃ drupadaputreṇa tava śiṣyeṇa dhīmatā
"Behold this mighty host of the sons of Pându, O teacher, arrayed by the son of Drupada, thy wise disciple.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.4
अत्र शूरा महेष्वासा भीमार्जुनसमा युधि। युयुधानो विराटश्च द्रुपदश्च महारथः
atra śūrā maheṣvāsā bhīmārjunasamā yudhi| yuyudhāno virāṭaśca drupadaśca mahārathaḥ
Heroes are these, mighty bowmen, to Bhîma and Arjuna equal in battle: Yuyudhâna, Virâta, and Drupada of the great car.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.5
धृष्टकेतुश्चेकितानः काशिराजश्च वीर्यवान्। पुरुजित्कुन्तिभोजश्च शैब्यश्च नरपुङ्गवः
dhṛṣṭaketuścekitānaḥ kāśirājaśca vīryavān| purujitkuntibhojaśca śaibyaśca narapuṅgavaḥ
Drishtaketu, Chekitâna and the valiant King of Kâshi, Purujit and Kuntibhoja, and Shaivya, bull among men;
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.6
युधामन्युश्च विक्रान्त उत्तमौजाश्च वीर्यवान्। सौभद्रो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्व एव महारथाः
yudhāmanyuśca vikrānta uttamaujāśca vīryavān| saubhadro draupadeyāśca sarva eva mahārathāḥ
Yudhâmanyu the strong, and Uttamaujas the brave; Saubhadra and the Draupadeyas, all of great cars.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.7
अस्माकं तु विशिष्टा ये तान्निबोध द्विजोत्तम। नायका मम सैन्यस्य संज्ञार्थं तान्ब्रवीमि ते
asmākaṃ tu viśiṣṭā ye tānnibodha dvijottama| nāyakā mama sainyasya saṃjñārthaṃ tānbravīmi te
Know further all those who are our chiefs, O best of the twice-born, the leaders of my army; these I name to thee for thy information:
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.8
भवान्भीष्मश्च कर्णश्च कृपश्च समितिञ्जयः। अश्वत्थामा विकर्णश्च सौमदत्तिस्तथैव च
bhavānbhīṣmaśca karṇaśca kṛpaśca samitiñjayaḥ| aśvatthāmā vikarṇaśca saumadattistathaiva ca
Thou, Lord, and Bhîshma, and Karna and Kripa, conquering in battle; Ashvatthâmâ, Vikarna, and Saumadatti also;
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.9
अन्ये च बहवः शूरा मदर्थे त्यक्तजीविताः। नानाशस्त्रप्रहरणाः सर्वे युद्धविशारदाः
anye ca bahavaḥ śūrā madarthe tyaktajīvitāḥ| nānāśastrapraharaṇāḥ sarve yuddhaviśāradāḥ
And many others, heroes, for my sake renouncing their lives, with divers weapons and missiles, and all well-skilled in war.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.10
अपर्याप्तं तदस्माकं बलं भीष्माभिरक्षितम्। पर्याप्तं त्विदमेतेषां बलं भीमाभिरक्षितम्
aparyāptaṃ tadasmākaṃ balaṃ bhīṣmābhirakṣitam| paryāptaṃ tvidameteṣāṃ balaṃ bhīmābhirakṣitam
Yet insufficient seems this army of ours, though marshalled by Bhîshma, while that army of theirs seems sufficient, though marshalled by Bhîma;
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.11
अयनेषु च सर्वेषु यथाभागमवस्थिताः। भीष्ममेवाभिरक्षन्तु भवन्तः सर्व एव हि
ayaneṣu ca sarveṣu yathābhāgamavasthitāḥ| bhīṣmamevābhirakṣantu bhavantaḥ sarva eva hi
Therefore in the rank and file let all, standing firmly in their respective divisions, guard Bhîshma, even all ye generals.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.12
तस्य संजनयन्हर्षं कुरुवृद्धः पितामहः। सिंहनादं विनद्योच्चैः शङ्खं दध्मौ प्रतापवान्
tasya saṃjanayanharṣaṃ kuruvṛddhaḥ pitāmahaḥ| siṃhanādaṃ vinadyoccaiḥ śaṅkhaṃ dadhmau pratāpavān
To enhearten him, the Ancient of the Kurus, the Grandsire, the glorious, blew his conch, sounding on high a lion's roar.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.13
ततः शङ्खाश्च भेर्यश्च पणवानकगोमुखाः। सहसैवाभ्यहन्यन्त स शब्दस्तुमुलोऽभवत्
tataḥ śaṅkhāśca bheryaśca paṇavānakagomukhāḥ| sahasaivābhyahanyanta sa śabdastumulo'bhavat
Then conches and kettledrums, tabors and drums and cowhorns, suddenly blared forth, and the sound was tumultuous.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.14
ततः श्वेतैर्हयैर्युक्ते महति स्यन्दने स्थितौ। माधवः पाण्डवश्चैव दिव्यौ शङ्खौ प्रदध्मतुः
tataḥ śvetairhayairyukte mahati syandane sthitau| mādhavaḥ pāṇḍavaścaiva divyau śaṅkhau pradadhmatuḥ
Then, stationed in their great war-chariot, yoked to white horses, Mâdhava and the son of Pându blew their divine conches.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.15
पाञ्चजन्यं हृषीकेशो देवदत्तं धनंजयः। पौण्ड्रं दध्मौ महाशङ्खं भीमकर्मा वृकोदरः
pāñcajanyaṃ hṛṣīkeśo devadattaṃ dhanaṃjayaḥ| pauṇḍraṃ dadhmau mahāśaṅkhaṃ bhīmakarmā vṛkodaraḥ
Pânchajanya by Hrishîkesha, and Devadatta by Dhananjaya. Vrikodara of terrible deeds blew his mighty conch, Paundra;
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.16
अनन्तविजयं राजा कुन्तीपुत्रो युधिष्ठिरः। नकुलः सहदेवश्च सुघोषमणिपुष्पकौ
anantavijayaṃ rājā kuntīputro yudhiṣṭhiraḥ| nakulaḥ sahadevaśca sughoṣamaṇipuṣpakau
The King Yudhishthira, the son of Kuntî, blew Anantavijaya; Nakula and Sahadeva, Sughosha and Manipushpaka.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.17
काश्यश्च परमेष्वासः शिखण्डी च महारथः। धृष्टद्युम्नो विराटश्च सात्यकिश्चापराजितः
kāśyaśca parameṣvāsaḥ śikhaṇḍī ca mahārathaḥ| dhṛṣṭadyumno virāṭaśca sātyakiścāparājitaḥ
And Kâshya, of the great bow and Shikhandî, the mighty car-warrior, Drishtadyumna and Virâta and Sâtyaki, the unconquered.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.18
द्रुपदो द्रौपदेयाश्च सर्वशः पृथिवीपते। सौभद्रश्च महाबाहुः शङ्खान्दध्मुः पृथक्पृथक्
drupado draupadeyāśca sarvaśaḥ pṛthivīpate| saubhadraśca mahābāhuḥ śaṅkhāndadhmuḥ pṛthakpṛthak
Drupada and the Draupadeyas, O Lord of earth, and Saubhadra, the mighty-armed, on all sides their several conches blew.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.19
स घोषो धार्तराष्ट्राणां हृदयानि व्यदारयत्। नभश्च पृथिवीं चैव तुमुलो व्यनुनादयन्
sa ghoṣo dhārtarāṣṭrāṇāṃ hṛdayāni vyadārayat| nabhaśca pṛthivīṃ caiva tumulo vyanunādayan
That tumultuous uproar rent the hearts of the sons of Dhritarâshtra, filling the earth and sky with sound.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.20
अथ व्यवस्थितान् दृष्ट्वा धार्तराष्ट्रान्कपिध्वजः। प्रवृत्ते शस्त्रसंपाते धनुरुद्यम्य पाण्डवः
atha vyavasthitān dṛṣṭvā dhārtarāṣṭrānkapidhvajaḥ| pravṛtte śastrasaṃpāte dhanurudyamya pāṇḍavaḥ
Then, beholding the sons of Dhritarâshtra standing arrayed, and flight of missiles about to begin, he whose crest is an ape, the son of Pându, took up his bow,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.21
अर्जुन उवाच हृषीकेशं तदा वाक्यमिदमाह महीपते। सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये रथं स्थापय मेऽच्युत
arjuna uvāca hṛṣīkeśaṃ tadā vākyamidamāha mahīpate| senayorubhayormadhye rathaṃ sthāpaya me'cyuta
And spake this word to Hrishîkesha, O Lord of Earth: Arjuna said: In the midst, between the two armies, stay my chariot, O Achyuta,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.22
यावदेतान्निरीक्षेऽहं योद्धुकामानवस्थितान्। कैर्मया सह योद्धव्यमस्मिन्रणसमुद्यमे
yāvadetānnirīkṣe'haṃ yoddhukāmānavasthitān| kairmayā saha yoddhavyamasminraṇasamudyame
That I may behold these standing, longing for battle, with whom I must strive in this outbreaking war,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.23
योत्स्यमानानवेक्षेऽहं य एतेऽत्र समागताः। धार्तराष्ट्रस्य दुर्बुद्धेर्युद्धे प्रियचिकीर्षवः
yotsyamānānavekṣe'haṃ ya ete'tra samāgatāḥ| dhārtarāṣṭrasya durbuddheryuddhe priyacikīrṣavaḥ
And gaze on those here gathered together ready to fight, desirous of pleasing in battle the evil-minded son of Dhritarâshtra.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.24
संजय उवाच एवमुक्तो हृषीकेशो गुडाकेशेन भारत। सेनयोरुभयोर्मध्ये स्थापयित्वा रथोत्तमम्
saṃjaya uvāca evamukto hṛṣīkeśo guḍākeśena bhārata| senayorubhayormadhye sthāpayitvā rathottamam
Sanjaya said: Thus addressed by Gudâkesha, Hrishîkesha, O Bhârata, having stayed that best of chariots in the midst, between the two armies,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.25
भीष्मद्रोणप्रमुखतः सर्वेषां च महीक्षिताम्। उवाच पार्थ पश्यैतान्समवेतान्कुरूनिति
bhīṣmadroṇapramukhataḥ sarveṣāṃ ca mahīkṣitām| uvāca pārtha paśyaitānsamavetānkurūniti
Over against Bhîshma, Drona and all the rulers of the world, said: "O Pârtha, behold these Kurus gathered together."
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.26
तत्रापश्यत्स्थितान्पार्थः पितृ़नथ पितामहान्। आचार्यान्मातुलान्भ्रातृ़न्पुत्रान्पौत्रान्सखींस्तथा
tatrāpaśyatsthitānpārthaḥ pitṛ़natha pitāmahān| ācāryānmātulānbhrātṛ़nputrānpautrānsakhīṃstathā
Then saw Pârtha standing there, uncles and grandfathers, teachers, mother's brothers, cousins, sons and grandsons, comrades,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.27
श्वशुरान्सुहृदश्चैव सेनयोरुभयोरपि। तान्समीक्ष्य स कौन्तेयः सर्वान्बन्धूनवस्थितान्
śvaśurānsuhṛdaścaiva senayorubhayorapi| tānsamīkṣya sa kaunteyaḥ sarvānbandhūnavasthitān
Fathers-in-law and benefactors also in both armies; seeing all these kinsmen thus standing arrayed, Kaunteya,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.28
अर्जुन उवाच कृपया परयाऽऽविष्टो विषीदन्निदमब्रवीत्। दृष्ट्वेमं स्वजनं कृष्ण युयुत्सुं समुपस्थितम्
arjuna uvāca kṛpayā parayā''viṣṭo viṣīdannidamabravīt| dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanaṃ kṛṣṇa yuyutsuṃ samupasthitam
Deeply moved to pity, thus uttered in sadness: Arjuna said: Seeing these my kinsmen, O Krishna, arrayed, eager to fight,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.29
सीदन्ति मम गात्राणि मुखं च परिशुष्यति। वेपथुश्च शरीरे मे रोमहर्षश्च जायते
sīdanti mama gātrāṇi mukhaṃ ca pariśuṣyati| vepathuśca śarīre me romaharṣaśca jāyate
My limbs fail and my mouth is parched, my body quivers, and my hair stands on end,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.30
गाण्डीवं स्रंसते हस्तात्त्वक्चैव परिदह्यते। न च शक्नोम्यवस्थातुं भ्रमतीव च मे मनः
gāṇḍīvaṃ sraṃsate hastāttvakcaiva paridahyate| na ca śaknomyavasthātuṃ bhramatīva ca me manaḥ
Gândîva slips from my hand, and my skin burns all over, I am not able to stand, my mind is whirling,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.31
निमित्तानि च पश्यामि विपरीतानि केशव। न च श्रेयोऽनुपश्यामि हत्वा स्वजनमाहवे
nimittāni ca paśyāmi viparītāni keśava| na ca śreyo'nupaśyāmi hatvā svajanamāhave
And I see adverse omens, O Keshava. Nor do I foresee any advantage from slaying kinsmen in battle.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.32
न काङ्क्षे विजयं कृष्ण न च राज्यं सुखानि च। किं नो राज्येन गोविन्द किं भोगैर्जीवितेन वा
na kāṅkṣe vijayaṃ kṛṣṇa na ca rājyaṃ sukhāni ca| kiṃ no rājyena govinda kiṃ bhogairjīvitena vā
For I desire not victory, O Krishna, nor kingdom, nor pleasures; what is kingdom to us, O Govinda, what enjoyment or even life?
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.33
येषामर्थे काङ्क्षितं नो राज्यं भोगाः सुखानि च। त इमेऽवस्थिता युद्धे प्राणांस्त्यक्त्वा धनानि च
yeṣāmarthe kāṅkṣitaṃ no rājyaṃ bhogāḥ sukhāni ca| ta ime'vasthitā yuddhe prāṇāṃstyaktvā dhanāni ca
Those for whose sake we desire kingdom, enjoyments and pleasures, they stand here in battle, abandoning life and riches—
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.34
आचार्याः पितरः पुत्रास्तथैव च पितामहाः। मातुलाः श्चशुराः पौत्राः श्यालाः सम्बन्धिनस्तथा
ācāryāḥ pitaraḥ putrāstathaiva ca pitāmahāḥ| mātulāḥ ścaśurāḥ pautrāḥ śyālāḥ sambandhinastathā
Teachers, fathers, sons, as well as grandfathers, mother's brothers, fathers-in-law, grandsons, brothers-in-law, and other relatives.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.35
एतान्न हन्तुमिच्छामि घ्नतोऽपि मधुसूदन। अपि त्रैलोक्यराज्यस्य हेतोः किं नु महीकृते
etānna hantumicchāmi ghnato'pi madhusūdana| api trailokyarājyasya hetoḥ kiṃ nu mahīkṛte
These I do not wish to kill, though myself slain, O Madhusûdana, even for the sake of the kingship of the three worlds; how then for earth?
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.36
निहत्य धार्तराष्ट्रान्नः का प्रीतिः स्याज्जनार्दन। पापमेवाश्रयेदस्मान्हत्वैतानाततायिनः
nihatya dhārtarāṣṭrānnaḥ kā prītiḥ syājjanārdana| pāpamevāśrayedasmānhatvaitānātatāyinaḥ
Slaying these sons of Dhritarâshtra, what pleasure can be ours, O Janârdana? Killing these desperadoes, sin will but take hold of us.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.37
तस्मान्नार्हा वयं हन्तुं धार्तराष्ट्रान्स्वबान्धवान्। स्वजनं हि कथं हत्वा सुखिनः स्याम माधव
tasmānnārhā vayaṃ hantuṃ dhārtarāṣṭrānsvabāndhavān| svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā sukhinaḥ syāma mādhava
Therefore we should not kill the sons of Dhritarâshtra, our relatives; for how, killing our kinsmen, may we be happy, O Mâdhava?
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.38
यद्यप्येते न पश्यन्ति लोभोपहतचेतसः। कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम्
yadyapyete na paśyanti lobhopahatacetasaḥ| kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ mitradrohe ca pātakam
Although these, with intelligence overpowered by greed, see no guilt in the destruction of a family, no crime in hostility to friends,
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.39
कथं न ज्ञेयमस्माभिः पापादस्मान्निवर्तितुम्। कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं प्रपश्यद्भिर्जनार्दन
kathaṃ na jñeyamasmābhiḥ pāpādasmānnivartitum| kulakṣayakṛtaṃ doṣaṃ prapaśyadbhirjanārdana
Why should not we learn to turn away from such a sin, O Janârdana, who see the evils in the destruction of a family?
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.40
कुलक्षये प्रणश्यन्ति कुलधर्माः सनातनाः। धर्मे नष्टे कुलं कृत्स्नमधर्मोऽभिभवत्युत
kulakṣaye praṇaśyanti kuladharmāḥ sanātanāḥ| dharme naṣṭe kulaṃ kṛtsnamadharmo'bhibhavatyuta
In the destruction of a family the immemorial family traditions perish; in the perishing of tradition, lawlessness overcomes the whole family;
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.41
अधर्माभिभवात्कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः। स्त्रीषु दुष्टासु वार्ष्णेय जायते वर्णसङ्करः
adharmābhibhavātkṛṣṇa praduṣyanti kulastriyaḥ| strīṣu duṣṭāsu vārṣṇeya jāyate varṇasaṅkaraḥ
Owing to predominance of lawlessness, O Krishna, the women of the family become corrupt; women corrupted, O Vârshneya, there ariseth caste confusion;
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.42
सङ्करो नरकायैव कुलघ्नानां कुलस्य च। पतन्ति पितरो ह्येषां लुप्तपिण्डोदकक्रियाः
saṅkaro narakāyaiva kulaghnānāṃ kulasya ca| patanti pitaro hyeṣāṃ luptapiṇḍodakakriyāḥ
This confusion draggeth to hell the slayers of the family, and the family; for their ancestors fall, deprived of rice-balls and libations.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.43
दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानां वर्णसङ्करकारकैः। उत्साद्यन्ते जातिधर्माः कुलधर्माश्च शाश्वताः
doṣairetaiḥ kulaghnānāṃ varṇasaṅkarakārakaiḥ| utsādyante jātidharmāḥ kuladharmāśca śāśvatāḥ
By these caste-confusing misdeeds of the slayers of the family, the everlasting caste customs and family customs are abolished.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.44
उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन। नरकेऽनियतं वासो भवतीत्यनुशुश्रुम
utsannakuladharmāṇāṃ manuṣyāṇāṃ janārdana| narake'niyataṃ vāso bhavatītyanuśuśruma
The abode of the men whose family customs are extinguished, O Janârdana, is everlastingly in hell. Thus have we heard.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.45
अहो बत महत्पापं कर्तुं व्यवसिता वयम्। यद्राज्यसुखलोभेन हन्तुं स्वजनमुद्यताः
aho bata mahatpāpaṃ kartuṃ vyavasitā vayam| yadrājyasukhalobhena hantuṃ svajanamudyatāḥ
Alas! in committing a great sin are we engaged, we who are endeavouring to kill our kindred from greed of the pleasures of kingship.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.46
यदि मामप्रतीकारमशस्त्रं शस्त्रपाणयः। धार्तराष्ट्रा रणे हन्युस्तन्मे क्षेमतरं भवेत्
yadi māmapratīkāramaśastraṃ śastrapāṇayaḥ| dhārtarāṣṭrā raṇe hanyustanme kṣemataraṃ bhavet
If the sons of Dhritarâshtra, weapon in hand, should slay me, unresisting, unarmed, in the battle, that would for me be the better.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)
BG 1.47
सञ्जय उवाच एवमुक्त्वाऽर्जुनः संख्ये रथोपस्थ उपाविशत्। विसृज्य सशरं चापं शोकसंविग्नमानसः
sañjaya uvāca evamuktvā'rjunaḥ saṃkhye rathopastha upāviśat| visṛjya saśaraṃ cāpaṃ śokasaṃvignamānasaḥ
Sanjaya said: Having thus spoken on the battle-field, Arjuna sank down on the seat of the chariot, casting away his bow and arrow, his mind overborne by grief.
— tr. Annie Besant (1922) (public domain)