Agni Purana — Chapter 354

AgP 354.1

:ए इत्य् आग्नेये महापुराणे व्याकरणे कारकं नाम त्रिपञ्चाशदधिकत्रिशततमो ऽध्यायः छप्तेर् {३५४} :श् अथ चतुःपञ्चशदधिकत्रिशततमो ऽध्यायः समासः स्कन्द उवाच षोढा समासं वक्ष्यामि अष्टाविंशतिधा पुनः नित्यानित्यविभागेन लुग्लोपेन च द्विधा

:e ity āgneye mahāpurāṇe vyākaraṇe kārakaṃ nāma tripañcāśadadhikatriśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ chapter {354} :ś atha catuḥpañcaśadadhikatriśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ samāsaḥ skanda uvāca ṣoḍhā samāsaṃ vakṣyāmi aṣṭāviṃśatidhā punaḥ nityānityavibhāgena luglopena ca dvidhā

Thus, in the Āgneya Mahāpurāṇa, in the (section on) grammar, the three hundred fifty-third chapter, named "Kāraka". — Now the three hundred fifty-fourth chapter: Compound. Skanda said: I shall declare compound as sixfold, and again as twenty-eightfold; and as twofold by the division into fixed and non-fixed, and by (presence or) elision (luk).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 354.2

कुम्भकारश् च नित्यः स्याद्धेमकारादिकस् तथा राज्ञः पुमान् राजपुमान् नित्यो ऽयञ्च समासकः

kumbhakāraś ca nityaḥ syāddhemakārādikas tathā rājñaḥ pumān rājapumān nityo 'yañca samāsakaḥ

And "kumbhakāra" (pot-maker) is a fixed (compound), and likewise "hemakāra" (gold-smith) and the rest; "rājñaḥ pumān" gives "rājapumān", and this compound too is fixed.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 354.3

:न् १ अर्थस्येति ज॥ :प् २५३ कष्टश्रितो लुक्समासः कण्ठेकालादिकस्त्वलुक् स्यादष्टधा तत्पुरुषः प्रथमाद्यसुपा सह

:n 1 arthasyeti ja.. :p 253 kaṣṭaśrito luksamāsaḥ kaṇṭhekālādikastvaluk syādaṣṭadhā tatpuruṣaḥ prathamādyasupā saha

(Note 1: "arthasya" in ja...) "Kaṣṭaśritaḥ" is a luk (case-ending-eliding) compound, but "kaṇṭhekāla" and the like is aluk (retaining the ending). The tatpuruṣa is eightfold, according to the first and the other case-endings.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.4

प्रथमातत्पुरुषो ऽयं पूर्वं कायस्य विग्रहे पूर्वकायो ऽपरकायो ह्य् अधरोत्तरकायकः

prathamātatpuruṣo 'yaṃ pūrvaṃ kāyasya vigrahe pūrvakāyo 'parakāyo hy adharottarakāyakaḥ

This is the first-case tatpuruṣa: in the analysis "the front of the body" — pūrvakāya (front of the body), aparakāya (hind part), and adharakāya and uttarakāya (lower and upper body).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 354.5

अर्धं कणाया अर्धकणा भिक्षातूर्यमथेदृशम् आपन्नजीविकस्तद्वत् द्वितीया चाधराश्रितः

ardhaṃ kaṇāyā ardhakaṇā bhikṣātūryamathedṛśam āpannajīvikastadvat dvitīyā cādharāśritaḥ

"Half of a grain" gives "ardhakaṇā"; and "bhikṣātūrya" is of this sort; "āpannajīvika" likewise; and the second (case tatpuruṣa): "adharāśritaḥ" (resorted to the lower).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.6

वर्षम्भोग्यो वर्षभोग्यो धान्यार्थश् च तृतीयया चतुर्थी स्याद्विष्णुबलिर्वृकभीतिश् च पञ्चमी

varṣambhogyo varṣabhogyo dhānyārthaś ca tṛtīyayā caturthī syādviṣṇubalirvṛkabhītiś ca pañcamī

'varṣambhogya' (to be enjoyed for a year); 'varṣabhogya' and 'dhānyārtha' (are formed) with the third (case); the fourth would be 'viṣṇubali' (an offering to Viṣṇu), and the fifth 'vṛkabhīti' (fear of a wolf).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.7

राज्ञः पुमान् राजपुमान् षष्ठी वृक्षफलं तथा सप्तमी चाक्षशौण्डो ऽयमहितो नञ्समासकः

rājñaḥ pumān rājapumān ṣaṣṭhī vṛkṣaphalaṃ tathā saptamī cākṣaśauṇḍo 'yamahito nañsamāsakaḥ

'rājapumān' — a man of the king — is the sixth (case), and likewise 'vṛkṣaphala' (fruit of a tree); the seventh is 'akṣaśauṇḍa' (skilled at dice); this 'ahita' is the compound with the negative particle (nañ).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 354.8

कर्मधारयः सप्तधा नीलोत्पलमुखाः स्मृताः विशेषणपूर्वपदो विशेष्योत्तरतस् तथा

karmadhārayaḥ saptadhā nīlotpalamukhāḥ smṛtāḥ viśeṣaṇapūrvapado viśeṣyottaratas tathā

The karmadhāraya is held to be sevenfold, (with examples) beginning with 'nīlotpala' (blue lotus): (one) has the qualifier as its prior member, and (another) has the thing qualified following.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.9

वैयाकरणखमूचिः शीतोष्णं द्विपदं शुभम् उपमानपूर्वपदः शङ्खपाण्डर इत्य् अपि

vaiyākaraṇakhamūciḥ śītoṣṇaṃ dvipadaṃ śubham upamānapūrvapadaḥ śaṅkhapāṇḍara ity api

'vaiyākaraṇakhamūci'; 'śītoṣṇa' (cold-hot) is the auspicious two-member (type); (one) has the object of comparison as prior member, as also 'śaṅkhapāṇḍara' (white as a conch).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.10

उपमानोत्तरपदः पुरुशव्याघ्र इत्य् अपि सम्भावनापूर्वपदो गुणवृद्धिरितीदृशम्

upamānottarapadaḥ puruśavyāghra ity api sambhāvanāpūrvapado guṇavṛddhiritīdṛśam

(One type) has the object of comparison as latter member, as in 'puruṣavyāghra' (tiger of a man); (another) has the supposition as prior member, of the form 'guṇavṛddhi'.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.11

गुण इति वृद्धिर्वाच्या सुहृदेव सुवन्धुकः अवधारणपूर्वपदो बहुब्रीहिश् च सप्तधा

guṇa iti vṛddhirvācyā suhṛdeva suvandhukaḥ avadhāraṇapūrvapado bahubrīhiś ca saptadhā

The increase (vṛddhi) is to be expressed as 'quality' (guṇa); 'suhṛd eva' (a friend indeed), 'suvandhuka' — this has the restrictive particle as prior member; and the bahuvrīhi is sevenfold.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.12

द्विपदश् च बहुव्रीहिरारूढ्भवनो नरः अर्चिताशेषपूर्वोयं बह्वङ्घ्रिः परिकीर्तितः

dvipadaś ca bahuvrīhirārūḍhbhavano naraḥ arcitāśeṣapūrvoyaṃ bahvaṅghriḥ parikīrtitaḥ

And the two-member bahuvrīhi: 'a man who has mounted the house' (ārūḍhabhavano naraḥ); this one, having 'arcitāśeṣa' as prior member, is called 'bahvaṅghri' (many-footed).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.13

एते विप्राश्चोपदशाः सङ्ख्योत्तरपदस्त्वयम् सङ्ख्योभयपदो यद्वद्द्वित्रा द्व्येकत्रयो नरः

ete viprāścopadaśāḥ saṅkhyottarapadastvayam saṅkhyobhayapado yadvaddvitrā dvyekatrayo naraḥ

'These brahmins are close to ten' — this one has the numeral as latter member; (one has) numerals in both members, as 'dvitrāḥ' (two or three), 'a man two-one-three'.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.14

सहपूर्वपदो ऽयं स्यात् समूलोद्धृतकस्तरुः :प् २५४ व्यतिहारलक्षणार्थः केशाकेशि नखानखि

sahapūrvapado 'yaṃ syāt samūloddhṛtakastaruḥ :p 254 vyatihāralakṣaṇārthaḥ keśākeśi nakhānakhi

This one has 'saha' as prior member: 'a tree torn up with its root' (samūloddhṛtakas taruḥ); (the type) whose sense is characterized by reciprocity: 'keśākeśi' (hair-to-hair), 'nakhānakhi' (nail-to-nail).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 354.15

दिग्लक्ष्या स्याद्दक्षिणपूर्वा द्विगुराभाषितो द्विधा एकवद्भावि द्विशृङ्गं पञ्चमूली त्वेकधा

diglakṣyā syāddakṣiṇapūrvā dvigurābhāṣito dvidhā ekavadbhāvi dviśṛṅgaṃ pañcamūlī tvekadhā

(A compound) to be marked by a direction would be 'dakṣiṇapūrvā' (southeast); the dvigu is declared to be twofold; that which takes the singular is 'dviśṛṅga' (two horns), while 'pañcamūlī' (the five roots) is of one kind.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 354.16

द्वन्द्वः समासो द्विविधो हीतरेतरयोगकः रुद्रविष्णू समाहारो भेरीपटहमीदृशम्

dvandvaḥ samāso dvividho hītaretarayogakaḥ rudraviṣṇū samāhāro bherīpaṭahamīdṛśam

The dvandva compound is of two kinds: indeed (one) has the sense of mutual conjunction — 'rudraviṣṇū' (Rudra and Viṣṇu); the collective one is of this sort: 'bherīpaṭaham' (kettledrum and drum).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 354.17

द्विधाख्यातो ऽव्ययीभावो नामपूर्वपदो यथा शाकस्य मात्रा शाकप्रति यथाव्ययपूर्वकः

dvidhākhyāto 'vyayībhāvo nāmapūrvapado yathā śākasya mātrā śākaprati yathāvyayapūrvakaḥ

The avyayībhāva is declared twofold: (one) has a noun as prior member, as 'a measure of vegetables' = 'śākaprati'; likewise (the other) has an indeclinable as its prior member.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 354.18

उपकुम्भञ्चोपरथ्यं प्राधान्येन चतुर्विधः उत्तरपदार्थमुख्यो द्वन्द्वश्चोभयमुख्यकः पूर्वार्थेशो ऽव्ययीभावो बहुव्रीहिश् च वाह्यगः

upakumbhañcoparathyaṃ prādhānyena caturvidhaḥ uttarapadārthamukhyo dvandvaścobhayamukhyakaḥ pūrvārtheśo 'vyayībhāvo bahuvrīhiś ca vāhyagaḥ

'upakumbham' (near the pot) and 'uparathyam' (near the road). By predominance (compounds are) of four kinds: (the tatpuruṣa) in which the sense of the latter member is chief; the dvandva, in which both are chief; the avyayībhāva, in which the sense of the prior member is master; and the bahuvrīhi, which goes outside (itself).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition