Agni Purana — Chapter 335
AgP 335.1
:ए इत्य् आग्नेये महापुराणे प्रस्तारनिरूपणं नाम चतुस्त्रिंशदधिकत्रिशततमो ऽध्यायः छप्तेर् {३३५} :श् अथ पञ्चत्रिंशदधिकत्रिशततमो ऽध्यायः शिक्षानिरूपणम् अग्निर् उवाच वक्ष्ये शिक्षान्त्रिषष्टिः स्युर्वर्णा वा चतुराधिकाः स्वरा विंशतिरेकश् च स्पर्शानां पञ्चविंशतिः
:e ity āgneye mahāpurāṇe prastāranirūpaṇaṃ nāma catustriṃśadadhikatriśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ chapter {335} :ś atha pañcatriṃśadadhikatriśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ śikṣānirūpaṇam agnir uvāca vakṣye śikṣāntriṣaṣṭiḥ syurvarṇā vā caturādhikāḥ svarā viṃśatirekaś ca sparśānāṃ pañcaviṃśatiḥ
Thus, in the Āgneya Mahāpurāṇa, the chapter called the exposition of the prastāra, the three hundred thirty-fourth chapter. [Chapter 335] Now the three hundred thirty-fifth chapter: the exposition of phonetics (śikṣā). Agni said: I shall declare the śikṣā. The letters are sixty-three, or else sixty-seven; the vowels are twenty-one, and of the stops there are twenty-five.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 335.2
यादयश् च स्मृता ह्य् अष्टौ चत्वारश् च समाः स्मृताः अनुस्वारो विसर्गश् च पौख्यौ चापि परान्वितौ
yādayaś ca smṛtā hy aṣṭau catvāraś ca samāḥ smṛtāḥ anusvāro visargaś ca paukhyau cāpi parānvitau
And the eight beginning with ya are recorded, and four are recorded as being alike (yama); and the anusvāra and the visarga, and the two (spirants produced) at the tongue-root and the lips, together with what follows them,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.3
दुष्पृष्टश्चेति विज्ञेया ऌकारः प्लुत एव च रङ्गश् च खे अरं प्रोक्तं(१) हकारः पञ्चमैर् युतः
duṣpṛṣṭaśceti vijñeyā ḷkāraḥ pluta eva ca raṅgaś ca khe araṃ proktaṃ(1) hakāraḥ pañcamair yutaḥ
and the 'ill-touched' (duḥspṛṣṭa) — thus they are to be known; and the ḷ-sound and the prolated (pluta), and the raṅga (nasal resonance), and 'ara' is said (to occur) in the aperture; the letter ha joined with the fifth (nasal) letters,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.4
अन्तस्थाभिः समायुक्त औरस्यः कण्ठ्य एव सः आत्मबुद्ध्या समस्यर्थं मनोयुक्ते विवक्षया
antasthābhiḥ samāyukta aurasyaḥ kaṇṭhya eva saḥ ātmabuddhyā samasyarthaṃ manoyukte vivakṣayā
and (ha) joined with the semivowels, is chest-produced; it is indeed guttural. By one's own understanding one combines the meaning; when the mind is engaged, with the wish to speak,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.5
मनः कायाग्निमाहन्ति स प्रेरयति मारुतम् :न् १ वर्गमुखे अरं प्रोक्तमिति ख॥ :प् १९६ मारुतस्तूरसि चरन् मन्त्रं(१) जनयति स्वरं
manaḥ kāyāgnimāhanti sa prerayati mārutam :n 1 vargamukhe araṃ proktamiti kha.. :p 196 mārutastūrasi caran mantraṃ(1) janayati svaraṃ
the mind strikes the fire of the body; that impels the wind. [Note: 1. 'ara is said at the head of a consonant class' — ms. kha.] [p. 196] But the wind, moving in the chest, generates the mantra as sound.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.6
प्रातःसवनयोगस्तु छन्दो गायत्रमाश्रितम् कण्ठे माध्यन्दिनयुतं मध्यमन्त्रेषु भानुगम्
prātaḥsavanayogastu chando gāyatramāśritam kaṇṭhe mādhyandinayutaṃ madhyamantreṣu bhānugam
The connection with the morning pressing is the metre resting on the gāyatra; in the throat it is joined with the midday (pressing), following the sun in the middle mantras.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.7
तारन्तार्तीयसवनं(२) शीर्षण्यं जागतानुगम् सोदीर्णो मूर्ध्न्यभिहितो वक्रमापद्य मारुतः
tārantārtīyasavanaṃ(2) śīrṣaṇyaṃ jāgatānugam sodīrṇo mūrdhnyabhihito vakramāpadya mārutaḥ
High pitch is the third pressing, seated in the head, following the jagatī. That wind, risen and struck against the head, taking a bend,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.8
वर्णान् जनयते तेषां विभागः पञ्चधा स्मृतः स्वरतः कालतः स्थानात् प्रयत्नार्थप्रदानतः
varṇān janayate teṣāṃ vibhāgaḥ pañcadhā smṛtaḥ svarataḥ kālataḥ sthānāt prayatnārthapradānataḥ
generates the letters. Their classification is held to be fivefold: by pitch, by duration, by place of articulation, by effort, and by the delivery of the meaning(?).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.9
अष्टौ स्थानानि वर्णानामुरः कण्ठः शिरस् तथा जिह्वामूलञ्च दन्ताश् च नासिकौष्ठौ च तालु च
aṣṭau sthānāni varṇānāmuraḥ kaṇṭhaḥ śiras tathā jihvāmūlañca dantāś ca nāsikauṣṭhau ca tālu ca
The places (of articulation) of the letters are eight: the chest, the throat, the head, and likewise the root of the tongue, the teeth, the nose, the lips, and the palate.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 335.10
स्वभावश् च विवृत्तिश् च शषसा रेफ एव च जिह्वामूलमुपध्मा च गतिरष्टविधोष्मणः
svabhāvaś ca vivṛttiś ca śaṣasā repha eva ca jihvāmūlamupadhmā ca gatiraṣṭavidhoṣmaṇaḥ
Natural (position), open articulation, ś, ṣ and s, and r as well, the root of the tongue, and the upadhmānīya: the procedure of the spirant is of eight kinds.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.11
पद्यो भावप्रसन्धानमुकारादि परम्पदं स्वरान्तं तादृशं विद्याद्यदन्यद्व्यक्तमूष्मणः
padyo bhāvaprasandhānamukārādi parampadaṃ svarāntaṃ tādṛśaṃ vidyādyadanyadvyaktamūṣmaṇaḥ
(A word) fit for verse is the joining together of the sense; beginning with the syllable u, the further word ends in a vowel; one should know as of that sort whatever else is manifest of the spirant.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.12
ऊतीर्थादागतं(३) दग्धमपवर्णञ्च भक्षितं एवमुच्चारणं पापमेवमुच्चारणं शुभम्
ūtīrthādāgataṃ(3) dagdhamapavarṇañca bhakṣitaṃ evamuccāraṇaṃ pāpamevamuccāraṇaṃ śubham
Come from a wrong source, burnt, badly lettered, and swallowed — such utterance is sinful; utterance (done properly) in this way is auspicious.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.13
अतीर्थादागतं द्रव्यं साम्नायं सुव्यवस्थितं सुस्वरेण सुवक्त्रेण प्रयुक्तं ब्रह्मराजनि
atīrthādāgataṃ dravyaṃ sāmnāyaṃ suvyavasthitaṃ susvareṇa suvaktreṇa prayuktaṃ brahmarājani
Substance come from an improper source; the traditional text (recited) well ordered, employed with good voice and good utterance in the presence of the brahman king.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.14
न करालो न लम्वोष्ठो नाव्यक्तो नानुनासिकः गद्गदो बहुजिह्वश् च न वर्णान् वक्तुम् अर्हति
na karālo na lamvoṣṭho nāvyakto nānunāsikaḥ gadgado bahujihvaś ca na varṇān vaktum arhati
Neither one with gaping (mouth), nor one with drooping lip, nor one of indistinct (speech), nor one who speaks nasally, nor a stammerer, nor one of thick tongue is fit to pronounce the letters.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 335.15
एवं वर्णाः प्रयोक्तव्या नाव्यक्ता न च पीडिन्ताः :न् १ मात्रमिति ख॥ २ भावन्तार्तीयसवनमिति ख॥ ३ कुतीर्थादागतमिति ट॥ । क्षतीर्थदागतमिति ख॥ :प् १९७ सम्यग्वर्णप्रयोगेण ब्रह्मलोके महीयते
evaṃ varṇāḥ prayoktavyā nāvyaktā na ca pīḍintāḥ :n 1 mātramiti kha.. 2 bhāvantārtīyasavanamiti kha.. 3 kutīrthādāgatamiti ṭa.. / kṣatīrthadāgatamiti kha.. :p 197 samyagvarṇaprayogeṇa brahmaloke mahīyate
Thus the letters are to be employed, neither indistinct nor constricted. By the correct employment of the letters one is honoured in the world of Brahmā.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 335.16
उदात्तश्चानुदात्तश् च स्वरितश् च स्वरास्त्रयः ह्रस्वो दीर्घः प्लुत इति कालतो नियमावधि
udāttaścānudāttaś ca svaritaś ca svarāstrayaḥ hrasvo dīrghaḥ pluta iti kālato niyamāvadhi
The raised, the unraised, and the modulated: these are the three accents. Short, long, and prolated — such is the limit of the rule with respect to time (of duration).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 335.17
कण्ठ्या वहाविचुयशास्तालव्या ओष्ठजा वुपु स्युर्मूर्धन्या ऋहुरसाः(१) दन्त्याः ऌ+ओलसाः स्मृताः
kaṇṭhyā vahāvicuyaśāstālavyā oṣṭhajā vupu syurmūrdhanyā ṛhurasāḥ(1) dantyāḥ ḷ+olasāḥ smṛtāḥ
Velar are a, ha; palatal are i, the c-series, ya, śa; labial are u and pu; retroflex are ṛ, hu(?), ra, ṣa; dental are ḷ, la, sa — so it is taught.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.18
जिह्वामूले तु ह्वः प्रोक्तो दन्त्योष्ठो वः स्मृतो बुधैः एदैतौ कण्टतालव्यौ ओ औ कण्ठ्यौष्ठजौ स्मृतौ
jihvāmūle tu hvaḥ prokto dantyoṣṭho vaḥ smṛto budhaiḥ edaitau kaṇṭatālavyau o au kaṇṭhyauṣṭhajau smṛtau
But hva is declared (to be produced) at the root of the tongue; va is held by the wise to be dento-labial; e and ai are velar-palatal; o and au are taught to be velar-labial.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.19
अर्धमात्रा तु कण्ठस्य एकारैकारयोर्भवेत् अयोगवाहा विज्ञेया आश्रयस्थानभागिनः
ardhamātrā tu kaṇṭhasya ekāraikārayorbhavet ayogavāhā vijñeyā āśrayasthānabhāginaḥ
But a half measure of the throat belongs to (the pronunciation of) e and ai. The ayogavāhas (anusvāra, visarga, etc.) are to be known as sharing in the place (of articulation) of their support.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.20
अचो ऽस्पृष्टापणस्त्वीषन्नोमाः स्पृष्ता हलःस्मृताः शेषाः स्पृष्टा हलः प्रोक्ता निबोधात्र प्रधानतः
aco 'spṛṣṭāpaṇastvīṣannomāḥ spṛṣtā halaḥsmṛtāḥ śeṣāḥ spṛṣṭā halaḥ proktā nibodhātra pradhānataḥ
The vowels are unclosed, the semivowels slightly (touched); the nasals(?) are touched; the remaining consonants are declared to be closed-contact. Learn here (the matter) in its main points.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 335.21
अमो ऽनुनासिकानक्रौ नादिमौ हसषः स्मृताः ईषन्नादोपणयशः श्वासिनश् च थकादयः ईषच्छासं स्वरं विद्याद्दीर्घमेतत् प्रचक्षते
amo 'nunāsikānakrau nādimau hasaṣaḥ smṛtāḥ īṣannādopaṇayaśaḥ śvāsinaś ca thakādayaḥ īṣacchāsaṃ svaraṃ vidyāddīrghametat pracakṣate
The nasals and the letters (a)na, kra(?) are nasal; ha, sa, ṣa are held to have voice; ya, śa etc. have slight voicing, and tha, ka and the rest are breathed. One should know the vowel as having slight breath; this they call the long (vowel).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain