Agni Purana — Chapter 252
AgP 252.1
:ए इत्य् आग्नेये महापुराणे धनुर्वेदो नामैकपञ्चाशदधिकद्विशततमो ऽध्यायः ॥ छप्तेर् {२५२} :श् अथ द्विपञ्चाशदधिकद्विशततमो ऽध्यायः व्यवहारकथनं अग्निर् उवाच व्यवहारं प्रवक्ष्यामि नयानयविवेकदं चतुष्पाच्च चतुःस्थानश् चतुःसाधन उच्यते
:e ity āgneye mahāpurāṇe dhanurvedo nāmaikapañcāśadadhikadviśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ || chapter {252} :ś atha dvipañcāśadadhikadviśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ vyavahārakathanaṃ agnir uvāca vyavahāraṃ pravakṣyāmi nayānayavivekadaṃ catuṣpācca catuḥsthānaś catuḥsādhana ucyate
Thus in the Agni Mahāpurāṇa the two hundred fifty-first chapter, called the Dhanurveda. Chapter 252. Now the two hundred fifty-second chapter: the exposition of legal procedure. Agni said: I shall declare legal procedure, which gives discernment of right policy and wrong policy; it is said to have four feet, four bases, and four means.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.2
चतुर्हितश् चतुर्व्यापी चतुष्कारी च कीर्त्यते अष्टाङ्गो ऽष्टादशपदः शतशाखस्तथैव च
caturhitaś caturvyāpī catuṣkārī ca kīrtyate aṣṭāṅgo 'ṣṭādaśapadaḥ śataśākhastathaiva ca
It is called of fourfold benefit, fourfold in extent, and fourfold in operation; having eight limbs, eighteen topics, and likewise a hundred branches.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.3
त्रियोनिर्द्व्यभियोगश् च द्विद्वारो द्विगतिस् तथा धर्मश् च व्यवहारश् च चरित्रं राजशासनं
triyonirdvyabhiyogaś ca dvidvāro dvigatis tathā dharmaś ca vyavahāraś ca caritraṃ rājaśāsanaṃ
It has three sources, two modes of accusation, two doors, and two courses: dharma (sacred law), legal procedure (usage), custom, and the king's edict.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.4
चतुष्पाद्व्यवहाराणामुत्तरः पूर्वसाधकः तत्र सत्ये स्थितो धर्मो व्यवहारस्तु साक्षिषु
catuṣpādvyavahārāṇāmuttaraḥ pūrvasādhakaḥ tatra satye sthito dharmo vyavahārastu sākṣiṣu
Of the four feet of legal procedure, the later establishes the earlier. Among them, dharma rests upon truth, while vyavahāra (procedure) rests upon witnesses.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.5
:न् १ वर्मिणन्त्विति घ॥ , ञ॥ च :प् ४०७ चरित्रं सङ्ग्रहे पुंसां राजाज्ञायान्तु शासनं सामाभ्युपायसाध्यत्वाच्चतुःसाधन उच्यते
:n 1 varmiṇantviti gha.. , ña.. ca :p 407 caritraṃ saṅgrahe puṃsāṃ rājājñāyāntu śāsanaṃ sāmābhyupāyasādhyatvāccatuḥsādhana ucyate
(Note 1: 'varmiṇaṃ tu' in mss. gha and ña. p. 407) Custom (rests) on the accepted practice of men, and the edict on the king's command. Because it is to be accomplished by conciliation and the (other) means, it is called 'having four means'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.6
चतुर्णामाश्रमाणाञ्च रक्षणात्स चतुर्हितः कर्तारं साक्षिणश् चैव सत्यान्राजानमेव च
caturṇāmāśramāṇāñca rakṣaṇātsa caturhitaḥ kartāraṃ sākṣiṇaś caiva satyānrājānameva ca
And because it protects the four stages of life, it is 'of fourfold benefit'. The doer (of the act), the witnesses, the truthful men, and the king himself—
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.7
व्याप्नोति पादगो यस्माच्चतुर्व्यापी ततः स्मृतः धर्मस्यार्थस्य यशसो लोकपङ्क्तेस्तथैव च
vyāpnoti pādago yasmāccaturvyāpī tataḥ smṛtaḥ dharmasyārthasya yaśaso lokapaṅktestathaiva ca
—since, proceeding by (its four) feet, it pervades (these), it is therefore held to be 'fourfold pervading'. Of dharma, of wealth, of fame, and likewise of standing among people—
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.8
चतुर्णाङ्करणादेष चतुष्कारी प्रकीर्तितः राजा सपुरुषः सभ्याः शास्त्रं गणकलेखकौ
caturṇāṅkaraṇādeṣa catuṣkārī prakīrtitaḥ rājā sapuruṣaḥ sabhyāḥ śāstraṃ gaṇakalekhakau
—because it brings about these four, it is proclaimed 'fourfold in operation'. The king with his officer, the assessors, the law-book, the accountant and the scribe,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.9
हिरण्यमग्निरुदकमष्टाङ्गः समुदाहृतः कामात् क्रोधाच्च लोभाच्च त्रिभ्यो यस्मात् प्रवर्तते
hiraṇyamagnirudakamaṣṭāṅgaḥ samudāhṛtaḥ kāmāt krodhācca lobhācca tribhyo yasmāt pravartate
gold, fire and water—thus it is declared to have eight limbs. Because it arises from three (causes), from desire, from anger, and from greed,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.10
त्रियोनिः कीर्त्यते तेन त्रयमेतद्विवादकृत् द्व्यभियोगस्तु विज्ञेयः शङ्कातत्त्वाभियोगतः
triyoniḥ kīrtyate tena trayametadvivādakṛt dvyabhiyogastu vijñeyaḥ śaṅkātattvābhiyogataḥ
it is thereby called 'three-sourced'; these three produce litigation. And the two modes of accusation are to be known as accusation from suspicion and accusation from fact.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.11
शङ्काषड्भिस्तु संसर्गात्तत्त्वषोढादिदर्शणात् पक्षद्वयाभिसम्बन्धाद्द्विद्वारः समुदाहृतः
śaṅkāṣaḍbhistu saṃsargāttattvaṣoḍhādidarśaṇāt pakṣadvayābhisambandhāddvidvāraḥ samudāhṛtaḥ
Suspicion (arises) from the six (kinds of) association, and fact from the observation of the six(fold evidence) and the rest; from its connection with the two sides it is declared to have two doors.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.12
पूर्ववादस्तयोः पक्षः प्रतिपक्षस्त्वनन्तरः भूतच्छलानुसारित्वाद्द्विगतिः समुदाहृता
pūrvavādastayoḥ pakṣaḥ pratipakṣastvanantaraḥ bhūtacchalānusāritvāddvigatiḥ samudāhṛtā
Of the two (parties), the prior statement is the plaint and the immediately following is the counter-plaint; since it follows either the fact or a quibble, it is declared to have two courses.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.13
ऋणन्देयमदेयञ्च येन यत्र यथा च यत् दानग्रहणधर्मश् च ऋणादानमिति स्मृतम्
ṛṇandeyamadeyañca yena yatra yathā ca yat dānagrahaṇadharmaś ca ṛṇādānamiti smṛtam
Debt, what is to be paid and what is not to be paid, by whom, where, how and what, and the rule of giving and receiving—this is called 'recovery of debt'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.14
स्वद्रव्यं यत्र विश्रम्भान्निक्षिपत्यविशङ्कितः निक्षेपन्नाम तत् प्रोक्तं व्यवहारपदम्बुधैः
svadravyaṃ yatra viśrambhānnikṣipatyaviśaṅkitaḥ nikṣepannāma tat proktaṃ vyavahārapadambudhaiḥ
When one, out of trust and without misgiving, deposits his own property (with another)—that the learned call the topic of litigation named 'deposit'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.15
वणिक्प्रभृतयो यत्र कर्म सम्भूय कुर्वते तत्सम्भूयसमुप्त्यानं व्यवहारपदं विदुः
vaṇikprabhṛtayo yatra karma sambhūya kurvate tatsambhūyasamuptyānaṃ vyavahārapadaṃ viduḥ
Where merchants and the like join together and carry out a business—that they know as the topic of litigation 'partnership' (joint undertaking).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.16
दत्त्वा द्रव्यञ्च सम्यग्यः पुनरादातुमिच्छति :प् ४०८ दत्त्वाप्रदानिकं नाम तद्विवादपदं स्मृतं
dattvā dravyañca samyagyaḥ punarādātumicchati :p 408 dattvāpradānikaṃ nāma tadvivādapadaṃ smṛtaṃ
When one, having duly given property, wishes to take it back again—that is held to be the topic of dispute named 'non-delivery after gift'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.17
अभ्युपेत्य च शुश्रूषां यस्तां न प्रतिपद्यते अशुश्रूषाभ्युपेत्यैतद्विवादपदमुच्यते
abhyupetya ca śuśrūṣāṃ yastāṃ na pratipadyate aśuśrūṣābhyupetyaitadvivādapadamucyate
When one, having agreed to service, does not carry it out—this is called the topic of dispute 'non-performance of agreed service'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.18
भृत्यानां वेतनस्योक्तादानादानविधिक्रिया वेतनस्यानपाकर्म तद्विवादपदं स्मृतम्
bhṛtyānāṃ vetanasyoktādānādānavidhikriyā vetanasyānapākarma tadvivādapadaṃ smṛtam
The rule and practice of the giving and non-giving of the stated wages of servants—that is held to be the topic of dispute 'non-payment of wages'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.19
निक्षिप्तं वा परद्रव्यं नष्टं लब्ध्वा प्रहृत्य वा किक्रीयते परोक्षं यत् स ज्ञेयो ऽस्वामिविक्रयः
nikṣiptaṃ vā paradravyaṃ naṣṭaṃ labdhvā prahṛtya vā kikrīyate parokṣaṃ yat sa jñeyo 'svāmivikrayaḥ
When another's property, deposited or lost, is obtained or seized and is sold in secret, that is to be known as 'sale by a non-owner'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.20
विक्रीय पण्यं मूल्येन क्रेत्रे यच्च न दीयते विक्रीयासम्प्रदानन्तद्विवादपदमुच्यते
vikrīya paṇyaṃ mūlyena kretre yacca na dīyate vikrīyāsampradānantadvivādapadamucyate
When, having sold goods for a price, (the seller) does not deliver them to the buyer, that is called the ground of dispute known as 'non-delivery after sale'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.21
क्रीत्वा मूल्येन यत्पण्यं क्रेता न बहु मन्यते क्रीत्वा मूल्येन यत् पण्यं दुष्क्रीतं मन्यते क्रयी
krītvā mūlyena yatpaṇyaṃ kretā na bahu manyate krītvā mūlyena yat paṇyaṃ duṣkrītaṃ manyate krayī
When, having bought goods for a price, the buyer does not think much of them — having bought goods for a price, the purchaser considers the purchase a bad one (this is 'rescission of sale and purchase').
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.22
पाषण्डनैगमादीनां स्थितिः समय उच्यते समयस्यानपाकर्म तद्विवादपदं स्मृतं
pāṣaṇḍanaigamādīnāṃ sthitiḥ samaya ucyate samayasyānapākarma tadvivādapadaṃ smṛtaṃ
The established practice of heretical sects, guilds of traders, and the like is called a 'convention' (samaya); the non-performance of a convention is remembered as a ground of dispute.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.23
सेतुकेदारमर्यादाविकृष्टाकृष्टनिश् चयाः क्षेत्राधिकारे यत्र स्युर्विवादः क्षेत्रजस्तु सः
setukedāramaryādāvikṛṣṭākṛṣṭaniś cayāḥ kṣetrādhikāre yatra syurvivādaḥ kṣetrajastu saḥ
Where there are determinations concerning dykes, fields, boundaries, and what is ploughed and unploughed — when a dispute arises over the ownership of a field, that (dispute) is 'field-born'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.24
वैवाहिको विधिः स्त्रीनां यत्र पुंसाञ्च कीर्त्यते स्त्रीपुंसयोगसंज्ञन्तु तद्विवादपदं स्मृतम्
vaivāhiko vidhiḥ strīnāṃ yatra puṃsāñca kīrtyate strīpuṃsayogasaṃjñantu tadvivādapadaṃ smṛtam
Where the marriage rules of women and of men are set forth, that ground of dispute is remembered under the name 'the union of woman and man'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.25
विभागोर्थस्य पैत्रस्य पुत्रैर् यस्तु प्रकल्प्यते दायमागमिति प्रोक्तं तद्विवादपदं बुधैः
vibhāgorthasya paitrasya putrair yastu prakalpyate dāyamāgamiti proktaṃ tadvivādapadaṃ budhaiḥ
When a division of the paternal property is arranged by the sons, that ground of dispute is called 'inheritance' by the wise.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.26
सहसा क्रियते कर्म यत् किञ्चित् बलदर्पितैः तत् साहसमिति प्रोक्तं विवादपदमुच्यते
sahasā kriyate karma yat kiñcit baladarpitaiḥ tat sāhasamiti proktaṃ vivādapadamucyate
Whatever act is done with violence by those made arrogant by strength, that is called 'violence' (sāhasa), and it is declared a ground of dispute.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.27
देशजातिकुलादीनामाक्रोशत्यङ्गसंयुतम् यद्वचः प्रतिकूलार्थं वाक्पारुष्यं तदुच्यते
deśajātikulādīnāmākrośatyaṅgasaṃyutam yadvacaḥ pratikūlārthaṃ vākpāruṣyaṃ taducyate
When speech, coupled with (reference to) bodily (defects), reviles (a man's) country, caste, family and the like, and has a hostile purpose, that is called 'harshness of speech'.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.28
:प् ४०९ परगात्रेष्वभिद्रेही हस्तपादायुधादिभिः अग्न्यादिभिश् चोपघातैर्(?) दण्डपारुष्यमुच्यते
:p 409 paragātreṣvabhidrehī hastapādāyudhādibhiḥ agnyādibhiś copaghātair(?) daṇḍapāruṣyamucyate
Assault upon another's limbs with hands, feet, weapons and the like, and by injuries with fire and so on, is called 'harshness of the rod' (i.e. assault).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.29
अक्षवज्जशलाकाद्यैर् दैवतं द्यूतमुच्यते पञ्चक्रिडावयोभिश् च प्राणिद्युतसमाह्वयः
akṣavajjaśalākādyair daivataṃ dyūtamucyate pañcakriḍāvayobhiś ca prāṇidyutasamāhvayaḥ
(Play) with dice, jewel(?)-pieces, rods and the like is called gambling with inanimate things (daivata); and (betting) on animals with the five sports and ages(?) is 'animal-gambling' (samāhvaya).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.30
प्रकीर्णकः पुनर्ज्ञेयो व्यवहारो निराश्रयः राज्ञामाज्ञाप्रतोघातस्तत्कर्माकरणन्तथा
prakīrṇakaḥ punarjñeyo vyavahāro nirāśrayaḥ rājñāmājñāpratoghātastatkarmākaraṇantathā
And 'miscellaneous' (prakīrṇaka) is to be known as litigation without a (specific) basis: the obstruction of kings' commands, and likewise the non-performance of their business.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.31
व्यवहारो ऽष्टादशपदस्तेषां भेदो ऽथ वै शतम् क्रियाभेदान्मनुष्यानां शतशाखो निगद्यते
vyavahāro 'ṣṭādaśapadasteṣāṃ bhedo 'tha vai śatam kriyābhedānmanuṣyānāṃ śataśākho nigadyate
This litigation has eighteen heads; and their subdivisions are a hundred: by reason of the differing acts of men it is said to have a hundred branches.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.32
व्यवहारान्नृपः पश्येज् ज्ञानिविप्रैर् अकोपनः शत्रुमित्रसमाः सभ्या अलोभाः श्रुतिवेदिनः
vyavahārānnṛpaḥ paśyej jñāniviprair akopanaḥ śatrumitrasamāḥ sabhyā alobhāḥ śrutivedinaḥ
The king, free from anger, should examine lawsuits together with learned brahmins; the assessors should be impartial to enemy and friend, free from greed, and knowers of scripture.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.33
अपश्यता(१) कार्यवशात् सभ्यैर् विप्रं नियोजयेत् रागाल्लोभाद्भयाद्वापि स्मृत्यपेतादिकारिणः
apaśyatā(1) kāryavaśāt sabhyair vipraṃ niyojayet rāgāllobhādbhayādvāpi smṛtyapetādikāriṇaḥ
When he does not examine (them himself), he should on account of the business appoint a brahmin along with the assessors; (those) who act contrary to the law-books out of partiality, greed, or fear —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.34
सभ्याः पृथक् पृथग् दण्ड्या विवादाद्व्दिगुणो दमः स्मृत्याचारएष्व्यपेतेन मार्गेण धर्षितः परैः
sabhyāḥ pṛthak pṛthag daṇḍyā vivādādvdiguṇo damaḥ smṛtyācāraeṣvyapetena mārgeṇa dharṣitaḥ paraiḥ
— the assessors are each severally to be fined; the penalty is double the (value of the) suit. (And one who is) oppressed by others in a way contrary to the law-books and custom...
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.35
आवेदयति यद्राज्ञे व्यवहारपदं हि तत् प्रत्यर्थिनो ऽग्रतो लेख्यं यथा वेदितमर्थिना
āvedayati yadrājñe vyavahārapadaṃ hi tat pratyarthino 'grato lekhyaṃ yathā veditamarthinā
Whatever head of litigation (a plaintiff) declares to the king, that is to be written down in the presence of the defendant just as it was declared by the plaintiff,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.36
समामासतदर्धाहर्नामजात्यादिचिह्नितम् श्रुतार्थस्योत्तरं लेख्यं पूर्वावेदकसन्निधौ
samāmāsatadardhāharnāmajātyādicihnitam śrutārthasyottaraṃ lekhyaṃ pūrvāvedakasannidhau
marked with the year, the month, the fortnight, the day, and (the parties') names, castes and so forth. The reply of the one who has heard the charge is to be written in the presence of the former declarant.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.37
तप्तो ऽर्थी लेखयेत्सद्यः प्रतिज्ञातार्थसाधनम् तत्सिद्धौ सिद्धमाप्नोति विपरीतमतो ऽन्यथा
tapto 'rthī lekhayetsadyaḥ pratijñātārthasādhanam tatsiddhau siddhamāpnoti viparītamato 'nyathā
Being pressed, the plaintiff should at once have the proof of the asserted claim written down; if that is established he gains his established (claim), otherwise the reverse of this.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.38
चतुष्पाद्व्यवहारोयं विवादेषूपदर्शितः :न् १ अपश्यता इत्य् अयं पाठो न साधुः :प् ४१० अभियोगमनिस्तीर्य नैनं प्रत्यभियोजयेत्
catuṣpādvyavahāroyaṃ vivādeṣūpadarśitaḥ :n 1 apaśyatā ity ayaṃ pāṭho na sādhuḥ :p 410 abhiyogamanistīrya nainaṃ pratyabhiyojayet
This litigation with its four feet has been set forth with regard to disputes. [note 1: the reading 'apaśyatā' is not correct] Without having disposed of a charge, one should not bring a counter-charge against him;
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.39
अभियुक्तञ्च नान्येन त्यक्तं विप्रकृतिं नयेत् कुर्यात् प्रत्यभियोगन्तु कलहे साहसेषु च
abhiyuktañca nānyena tyaktaṃ viprakṛtiṃ nayet kuryāt pratyabhiyogantu kalahe sāhaseṣu ca
and one already charged, (or one) abandoned by another, should not be subjected to harassment; but a counter-charge may be made in cases of quarrel and of violence.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.40
उभयोः प्रतिभूर्ग्राह्यः समर्थः काम्यनिर्णये निह्नवे भावितो दद्याद्धनं राज्ञे तु तत्समम्
ubhayoḥ pratibhūrgrāhyaḥ samarthaḥ kāmyanirṇaye nihnave bhāvito dadyāddhanaṃ rājñe tu tatsamam
A surety who is competent is to be taken from both (parties) in the settling of the claim; if (the debt) is denied and (then) proved, he must pay the money (to the claimant) and an equal sum to the king.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.41
मिथ्याभियोगाद् द्विगुणमभियोगाद्धनं हरेत् साहसस्तेयपारुष्येष्वभिशापात्यये स्त्रियाः
mithyābhiyogād dviguṇamabhiyogāddhanaṃ haret sāhasasteyapāruṣyeṣvabhiśāpātyaye striyāḥ
For a false charge he should be made to forfeit double the amount of the charge — in (cases of) violence, theft, verbal abuse, and the transgression of falsely imputing (unchastity) to a woman.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.42
विचारयेत्सद्यः एव कालो ऽन्यत्रेच्छया स्मृतः देशाद्देशान्तरं याति सृक्कणी परिलेढि च
vicārayetsadyaḥ eva kālo 'nyatrecchayā smṛtaḥ deśāddeśāntaraṃ yāti sṛkkaṇī parileḍhi ca
He should try (such cases) at once; delay is prescribed in other (cases) at (the parties') wish. (A guilty man) goes from place to place, and licks the corners of his mouth,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.43
ललाटं स्विद्यते चास्य मुखवैवर्ण्यमेव च स्वभावाद्विकृतं गच्छेन्मनोवाक्कायकर्मभिः
lalāṭaṃ svidyate cāsya mukhavaivarṇyameva ca svabhāvādvikṛtaṃ gacchenmanovākkāyakarmabhiḥ
and his forehead sweats, and his face becomes discoloured; he becomes altered from his natural state in the actions of mind, speech and body.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.44
अभियोगे ऽथ वा साक्ष्ये वाग्दुष्टः परिकीर्तितः सन्दिग्धार्थं स्वतन्त्रो यः साधयेद्यश् च निष्पतेत्
abhiyoge 'tha vā sākṣye vāgduṣṭaḥ parikīrtitaḥ sandigdhārthaṃ svatantro yaḥ sādhayedyaś ca niṣpatet
In a charge or in testimony he is declared faulty of speech; (also) he who states a matter that is doubtful, and he who, though acting on his own authority, (undertakes) to prove (it), and he who runs away,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.45
न चाहूतो वदेत् किञ्चिद्धनी दण्ड्यश् च स स्मृतः साक्षिषूभयतः सत्सु साक्षिणः पूर्ववादिनः
na cāhūto vadet kiñciddhanī daṇḍyaś ca sa smṛtaḥ sākṣiṣūbhayataḥ satsu sākṣiṇaḥ pūrvavādinaḥ
and he who, though summoned, says nothing: he is held to be liable for the money and punishable. When there are witnesses on both sides, the witnesses of the prior claimant (prevail).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.46
पूर्वपक्षे ऽधरीभूते भवन्त्युत्तरवादिनः सगणश्चेद्विवादः स्यात्तत्र हीनन्तु दापयेत्
pūrvapakṣe 'dharībhūte bhavantyuttaravādinaḥ sagaṇaścedvivādaḥ syāttatra hīnantu dāpayet
When the prior side has been put in the wrong, the respondents prevail. If the dispute involves a corporate group, then he should make the losing party pay.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.47
दत्तं पणं वसञ्चैव धनिनो धनमेव च छलन्निरस्य दूतेन व्यवहारान्नयेन्नृपः
dattaṃ paṇaṃ vasañcaiva dhanino dhanameva ca chalannirasya dūtena vyavahārānnayennṛpaḥ
the stake that was given, and the dwelling(?), and the creditor's money as well. Setting aside fraud, the king should conduct lawsuits through an agent.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.48
भूतमप्यर्थमप्यस्तं हीयते व्यवहारतः निह्नुते निखिलानेकमेकदेशविभावितम्
bhūtamapyarthamapyastaṃ hīyate vyavahārataḥ nihnute nikhilānekamekadeśavibhāvitam
Even a claim that is real, even one that is established, is lost through (faulty) procedure. If he denies the whole when one part has been proved,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.49
दाप्यः सर्वान्नृपेणार्थान्न ग्राह्यस्त्वनिवेदितः स्मृत्योर्विरोधे न्यायस्तु वल्लवान् व्यवहारतः
dāpyaḥ sarvānnṛpeṇārthānna grāhyastvaniveditaḥ smṛtyorvirodhe nyāyastu vallavān vyavahārataḥ
he is to be made to pay all the sums by the king; but what has not been declared is not to be taken. When two smṛtis conflict, reasoning is the stronger with regard to procedure.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.50
:प् ४११ अर्थशास्त्राद्धि बलवद्धर्मशास्त्रमिति स्थितिः(१) प्रमाणं लिखितं भुक्तिः साक्षिणश्चेति किर्तितम्
:p 411 arthaśāstrāddhi balavaddharmaśāstramiti sthitiḥ(1) pramāṇaṃ likhitaṃ bhuktiḥ sākṣiṇaśceti kirtitam
For the rule is that dharmaśāstra is stronger than arthaśāstra. Proof is declared to be a document, possession, and witnesses.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.51
एषामन्यतमाभावे दिव्यान्यतममुच्यते सर्वेष्वेव विवादेषु बलवत्युत्तरा क्रिया
eṣāmanyatamābhāve divyānyatamamucyate sarveṣveva vivādeṣu balavatyuttarā kriyā
In the absence of any one of these, one of the ordeals is prescribed. In all disputes it is the later procedure that is stronger.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.52
आधौ प्रतिग्रहे क्रीते पूर्वा तु बलवत्तरा पश्यतो ब्रुवतो भूमेर्हानिर्विंशतिवार्षिकी
ādhau pratigrahe krīte pūrvā tu balavattarā paśyato bruvato bhūmerhānirviṃśativārṣikī
But in (matters of) pledge, gift, and purchase the earlier is the stronger. For one who looks on and says nothing, loss of land occurs after twenty years;
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.53
परेण भुज्यमाना या धनस्य दशवार्षिकी आधिसौमोपनिःक्षेपजडबालधनैर् विना
pareṇa bhujyamānā yā dhanasya daśavārṣikī ādhisaumopaniḥkṣepajaḍabāladhanair vinā
(and loss) of property that is enjoyed by another (occurs) after ten years — excepting pledge, boundary, deposit, and the property of the feeble-minded and of minors,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.54
तथोपनिधिराजस्त्रीश्रोत्रियाणां धनैर् अपि आध्यादीनां विहर्तारं धनिने दापयेद्धनं
tathopanidhirājastrīśrotriyāṇāṃ dhanair api ādhyādīnāṃ vihartāraṃ dhanine dāpayeddhanaṃ
and also excepting the property of a trust-deposit, of the king, of women, and of śrotriyas. One who makes away with pledges and the rest shall be made to pay the money to the owner,
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.55
दण्ड्यं च तत्समं राज्ञे शक्त्यपेक्ष्यमथापि वा आगमोप्यधिको भुक्तिं विना पूर्वक्रमागतां
daṇḍyaṃ ca tatsamaṃ rājñe śaktyapekṣyamathāpi vā āgamopyadhiko bhuktiṃ vinā pūrvakramāgatāṃ
and he is to be fined an equal sum for the king, or else (a sum) proportioned to his capacity. Title is superior even apart from possession, when it has come down from earlier (ancestors).
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.56
आगमोपि बलन्नैव भुक्तिः स्तोकापि यत्र न आगमेन विशुद्धेन भोगो याति प्रमाणताम्
āgamopi balannaiva bhuktiḥ stokāpi yatra na āgamena viśuddhena bhogo yāti pramāṇatām
Yet even a title is not strong where there is not possession, even a little. With a title that is clear, possession attains the status of proof.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.57
अविशुद्धागमो भोगः प्रामाण्यं नाधिगच्छति आगमस्तु कृतो येन सो ऽभियुक्तस्तमुद्धरेत्
aviśuddhāgamo bhogaḥ prāmāṇyaṃ nādhigacchati āgamastu kṛto yena so 'bhiyuktastamuddharet
Possession whose title is not clear does not attain validity. But he by whom the title was created, when sued, should clear it;
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.58
न तत्सुतस्तत्सुतो वा भुक्तिस्तत्र गरीयसी योभियुक्तः परेतः स्यात् तस्य ऋक्थात्तमुद्धरेत्
na tatsutastatsuto vā bhuktistatra garīyasī yobhiyuktaḥ paretaḥ syāt tasya ṛkthāttamuddharet
not his son, nor his son's son — possession there is weightier. If the one sued has died, (the king) should recover it from his estate.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.59
न तत्र कारणं भुक्तिरागमेन विनाकृता बलोपाधिविनिर्वृत्तान् व्यवहारान्निवर्तयेत्
na tatra kāraṇaṃ bhuktirāgamena vinākṛtā balopādhivinirvṛttān vyavahārānnivartayet
There possession is no ground, being effected without title. He should annul transactions brought about by force or by fraud.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.60
स्त्रीनक्तमन्तरागारवहिःशत्रुकृतस् तथा मत्तोन्मत्तार्तव्यसनिबालभीतप्रयोजितः
strīnaktamantarāgāravahiḥśatrukṛtas tathā mattonmattārtavyasanibālabhītaprayojitaḥ
(A transaction) made by a woman, at night, inside an inner chamber, outside (the house), or made by an enemy, and likewise one brought about by a drunken man, a madman, one in distress, an addict, a child, or a frightened person —
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.61
:न् १ स्मृतिरिति घ॥ , ञ॥ च :प् ४१२ असम्बद्धकृतश् चैव व्यवहारो न सिद्ध्यति प्रनष्टाधिशतं देयं नृपेण धनिने धनं
:n 1 smṛtiriti gha.. , ña.. ca :p 412 asambaddhakṛtaś caiva vyavahāro na siddhyati pranaṣṭādhiśataṃ deyaṃ nṛpeṇa dhanine dhanaṃ
[note 1: 'smṛtiḥ' in ms. gha and ms. ña; page 412] — and one made by a person unconnected (with the matter): such a transaction is not valid. The king should give the wealth to its owner, (and) a hundred (?) of the lost property recovered.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.62
विभावयेन्नचेल्लिङ्गैस्तत्समं दातुमर्हति देयञ्चौरहृतं द्रव्यं राज्ञा जनपदाय तु
vibhāvayennacelliṅgaistatsamaṃ dātumarhati deyañcaurahṛtaṃ dravyaṃ rājñā janapadāya tu
If he cannot establish (his claim) by identifying marks, he deserves to pay an equivalent; and property carried off by a thief must be made good by the king to the people of the district.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.63
अशीतिभागो वृद्धिः स्यान्मासि मासि सबन्धके वर्णक्रमाच्छतं द्वित्रिचतुष्पञ्चकमन्यथा
aśītibhāgo vṛddhiḥ syānmāsi māsi sabandhake varṇakramācchataṃ dvitricatuṣpañcakamanyathā
With a pledge, the interest shall be one eightieth part month by month; otherwise two, three, four, or five per hundred, according to the order of the classes.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.64
सप्ततिस्तु पशुस्त्रीणां रसस्याष्टगुणा परा वस्त्रधान्यहिरण्यानां चतुस्त्रिद्विगुणा तथा
saptatistu paśustrīṇāṃ rasasyāṣṭaguṇā parā vastradhānyahiraṇyānāṃ catustridviguṇā tathā
But seventy (is the limit) for cattle and women; for liquids the maximum is eightfold; and for cloth, grain, and gold it is fourfold, threefold, and twofold respectively.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain
AgP 252.65
ग्रामान्तरात्तु दशकं सामुद्रादपि विंशतिं दद्युर्वा स्वकृतां वृद्धिं सर्वे सर्वासु जातिषु
grāmāntarāttu daśakaṃ sāmudrādapi viṃśatiṃ dadyurvā svakṛtāṃ vṛddhiṃ sarve sarvāsu jātiṣu
From another village, ten; and even twenty from (a venture) across the sea; or, in all castes, all may pay the interest they have themselves agreed upon.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition
AgP 252.66
प्रपन्न साधयन्नर्थं न वाच्या नृपतिर्भवेत् साध्यमानो नृपं गच्छेद्दण्ड्यो दाप्यश् च तद्धनं
prapanna sādhayannarthaṃ na vācyā nṛpatirbhavet sādhyamāno nṛpaṃ gaccheddaṇḍyo dāpyaś ca taddhanaṃ
One who, having approached (the debtor), recovers his money is not to be censured, (nor) is the king to be; the debtor being made to pay, if he goes to the king, is to be punished and made to pay that money.
AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain