Agni Purana — Chapter 166

AgP 166.1

:ए इत्य् आग्नेये महापुराणे नानाधमा नाम पञ्चषष्ट्यधिकशततमो ऽध्यायः ॥ छप्तेर् {१६६} :श् अथ षट्षष्ट्यधिकशततमो ऽध्यायः वर्णधर्मादिकथनं पुष्कर उवाच वेदस्मार्तं प्रवक्ष्यामि धर्मं वै पञ्चधा स्मृतं(१) वर्णत्वमेकमाश्रित्य यो ऽधिकारः प्रवर्तते

:e ity āgneye mahāpurāṇe nānādhamā nāma pañcaṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ || chapter {166} :ś atha ṣaṭṣaṣṭyadhikaśatatamo 'dhyāyaḥ varṇadharmādikathanaṃ puṣkara uvāca vedasmārtaṃ pravakṣyāmi dharmaṃ vai pañcadhā smṛtaṃ(1) varṇatvamekamāśritya yo 'dhikāraḥ pravartate

[Colophon: thus in the Āgneya Mahāpurāṇa the one hundred sixty-fifth chapter, called 'The Various Base (Men)'. Chapter 166. Now the one hundred sixty-sixth chapter: the exposition of the duties of the classes.] Puṣkara said: I shall declare the dharma of Veda and smṛti, which is held to be fivefold. That entitlement which operates by resting on class alone,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.2

:न् १ धर्मं वै परमामृतमिति ख॥ , छ॥ च :प् १५९ वर्णधर्ंअः स विज्ञ्येयो यथोपनयनन्त्रिषु यस्त्वाश्रमं समाश्रित्य पदार्थः संविधीयते

:n 1 dharmaṃ vai paramāmṛtamiti kha.. , cha.. ca :p 159 varṇadharṃaḥ sa vijñyeyo yathopanayanantriṣu yastvāśramaṃ samāśritya padārthaḥ saṃvidhīyate

[Apparatus: 'dharmaṃ vai paramāmṛtam' in mss. kha and cha. — p. 159] that is to be known as the dharma of class, as for instance the initiation among the three (classes). But that matter which is prescribed with reference to a stage of life,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.3

उक्त आश्रमधर्मस्तु भिन्नपिण्डादिको यथा उभयेन निमित्तेन यो विधिः सम्प्रवर्तते

ukta āśramadharmastu bhinnapiṇḍādiko yathā ubhayena nimittena yo vidhiḥ sampravartate

that is called the dharma of the stages of life, as for instance the separate rice-ball offering and the rest. The rule that proceeds from both grounds (together),

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.4

नैमित्तिकः स विज्ञेयः प्रायश्चित्तविधिर्यथा ब्रह्मचारी गृही चापि वानप्रस्थो यतिर् नृप

naimittikaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ prāyaścittavidhiryathā brahmacārī gṛhī cāpi vānaprastho yatir nṛpa

that is to be known as occasional, like the rule of expiation. The student, the householder, the forest-dweller, the ascetic, O king—

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.5

उक्त आश्रमधर्मस्तु धर्मः स्यात् पञ्चधा परः(१) षाड्गुण्यस्याभिधाने यो दृष्टार्थः स उदाहृतः

ukta āśramadharmastu dharmaḥ syāt pañcadhā paraḥ(1) ṣāḍguṇyasyābhidhāne yo dṛṣṭārthaḥ sa udāhṛtaḥ

thus the dharma of the stages of life has been stated; the further dharma would be fivefold. In the exposition of the six-fold (policy), that which has a visible purpose has been set forth.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.6

स त्रेधा मन्त्रयागाद्यदृष्टार्थ इति मानवाः उभयार्थो व्यवहारस्तु दण्डधारणमेव च

sa tredhā mantrayāgādyadṛṣṭārtha iti mānavāḥ ubhayārtho vyavahārastu daṇḍadhāraṇameva ca

It is threefold. Mantra, sacrifice and the like have an unseen purpose, say the followers of Manu; but litigation and the infliction of punishment have both purposes.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.7

तुल्यार्थानां विकल्पः स्याद् यागमूलः प्रकीर्तितः वेदे तु विहितो धर्मः स्मृतौ तादृश एव च

tulyārthānāṃ vikalpaḥ syād yāgamūlaḥ prakīrtitaḥ vede tu vihito dharmaḥ smṛtau tādṛśa eva ca

Among (injunctions) of equal purport there is option; (this) is declared to be grounded in the sacrifice. The dharma enjoined in the Veda, and just such a one in smṛti—

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.8

अनुवादं स्मृतिः सूते(२) कार्यार्थमिति मानवाः गुणार्थः परिसङ्ख्यार्थो वानुवादो विशेषतः(३)

anuvādaṃ smṛtiḥ sūte(2) kāryārthamiti mānavāḥ guṇārthaḥ parisaṅkhyārtho vānuvādo viśeṣataḥ(3)

smṛti produces restatement for the sake of the act to be done, say the followers of Manu; a restatement serves, specifically, either a subsidiary quality or enumeration.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.9

विशेषदृष्ट एवासौ फलार्थ इति मानवाः स्यादष्टचत्वारिंशद्भिः संस्कारैर् ब्रह्मलोकगः

viśeṣadṛṣṭa evāsau phalārtha iti mānavāḥ syādaṣṭacatvāriṃśadbhiḥ saṃskārair brahmalokagaḥ

That very one, seen in its particular (application), has fruit as its purpose, say the followers of Manu. By the forty-eight sacraments one becomes a goer to the world of Brahmā.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.10

गर्भाधानं पुंसवनं सीमन्तोन्नयनः ततः जातकर्म नामकृतिरन्नप्राशनचूडकं

garbhādhānaṃ puṃsavanaṃ sīmantonnayanaḥ tataḥ jātakarma nāmakṛtirannaprāśanacūḍakaṃ

The impregnation rite, the rite for a male child, then the parting of the hair, the birth rite, the giving of a name, the first feeding of food, the tonsure,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.11

संस्कारश्चोपनयनं वेदव्रतचतुष्टयं स्नानं स्वधर्मचारिण्या योगः स्याद्यज्ञपञ्चकं

saṃskāraścopanayanaṃ vedavratacatuṣṭayaṃ snānaṃ svadharmacāriṇyā yogaḥ syādyajñapañcakaṃ

and the sacrament of initiation, the four Veda-vows, the (concluding) bath, union with a wife who practises her own duty, and the five sacrifices:

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.12

:न् १ धर्म एष सनातन इति ङ॥ २ अर्थवादं स्मृतिः सूत इति ख॥ , छ॥ च ३ वार्थवादो विशेषत इति ख॥ , छ॥ च :प् १६० देवयज्ञः पितृयज्ञो मनुष्यभूतयज्ञकौ ब्रह्मयज्ञः सप्तपाकयज्ञसंस्थाः पुरो ऽष्टकाः

:n 1 dharma eṣa sanātana iti ṅa.. 2 arthavādaṃ smṛtiḥ sūta iti kha.. , cha.. ca 3 vārthavādo viśeṣata iti kha.. , cha.. ca :p 160 devayajñaḥ pitṛyajño manuṣyabhūtayajñakau brahmayajñaḥ saptapākayajñasaṃsthāḥ puro 'ṣṭakāḥ

[Apparatus: 'dharma eṣa sanātanaḥ' in ms. ṅa; 'arthavādaṃ smṛtiḥ sūte' in kha and cha; 'vārthavādo viśeṣataḥ' in kha and cha. — p. 160] the sacrifice to the gods, the sacrifice to the fathers, the sacrifices to men and to beings, and the sacrifice to Brahman: (these are) the seven established cooked-offering sacrifices, the aṣṭakā rites coming first;

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.13

पार्वणश्राद्धं श्रावण्याग्रहायणी च चैत्र्यपि आश्वयुजी सप्तहविर्यज्ञसंस्थास्ततः स्मृताः

pārvaṇaśrāddhaṃ śrāvaṇyāgrahāyaṇī ca caitryapi āśvayujī saptahaviryajñasaṃsthāstataḥ smṛtāḥ

the pārvaṇa śrāddha, the Śrāvaṇī, the Āgrahāyaṇī, the Caitrī too, and the Āśvayujī: these are then held to be the seven established oblation-sacrifices.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.14

अग्न्याधेयमग्निहोत्रं(१) दर्शः स्यात् पशुबन्धकः चातुर्मास्याग्रहायेष्टिर्निरूढः पशुबन्धकः

agnyādheyamagnihotraṃ(1) darśaḥ syāt paśubandhakaḥ cāturmāsyāgrahāyeṣṭirnirūḍhaḥ paśubandhakaḥ

The establishing of the fires, the agnihotra, the new-moon (and full-moon) rite, the paśubandha, the cāturmāsya, the first-fruits offering, the fully-performed paśubandha —

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.15

सौत्रामणिसप्तसोमसंस्थाग्निष्टोम आदितः अत्यग्निष्टोम उक्थश् च षोडशी वाजपेयकः

sautrāmaṇisaptasomasaṃsthāgniṣṭoma āditaḥ atyagniṣṭoma ukthaś ca ṣoḍaśī vājapeyakaḥ

— and the sautrāmaṇī. The seven soma-rites are: the agniṣṭoma first, the atyagniṣṭoma, the ukthya, the ṣoḍaśī, the vājapeya,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.16

अतिरात्रास् तथा स्तोम अष्टौ चात्मगुणास्ततः दया क्षमानसूया च अनायासो ऽथ मङ्गलं

atirātrās tathā stoma aṣṭau cātmaguṇāstataḥ dayā kṣamānasūyā ca anāyāso 'tha maṅgalaṃ

and the atirātras, and likewise the (aptoryāma-)stoma. Then (there are) the eight qualities of the self: compassion, patience, freedom from envy, freedom from strain, then auspiciousness,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.17

अकार्पण्यास्पृहाशौचं यस्यैते स परं व्रजेत् प्रचारे मैथुने चैव प्रस्रावे दन्तधावने

akārpaṇyāspṛhāśaucaṃ yasyaite sa paraṃ vrajet pracāre maithune caiva prasrāve dantadhāvane

absence of miserliness, absence of craving, purity — he who has these goes to the highest (state). While walking about, in sexual intercourse, in urinating, in cleaning the teeth,

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.18

स्नानभोजनकाले च पट्सु मौनं समाचरेत् पुनर्दानं पृथक्पानमाज्येन यपसा निशि

snānabhojanakāle ca paṭsu maunaṃ samācaret punardānaṃ pṛthakpānamājyena yapasā niśi

and at the time of bathing and of eating — in these six one should practise silence. (Then) giving again, drinking separately, with ghee, with japa(?) at night.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.19

दन्तच्छेदनमुष्णं च सप्त शक्तुषु वर्जयेत् स्नात्वा पुष्पं न गृह्णीयाद् देवायोग्यन्तदीरितं

dantacchedanamuṣṇaṃ ca sapta śaktuṣu varjayet snātvā puṣpaṃ na gṛhṇīyād devāyogyantadīritaṃ

Biting with the teeth, and what is hot — seven (things) he should avoid with barley-meal. Having bathed, one should not pick a flower; it is said to be unfit for the gods.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition — the model flagged this verse as uncertain

AgP 166.20

अन्यगोत्रोप्यसम्बद्धः(२) प्रेतस्याग्निन्ददाति यः पिण्डञ्चोदकदानञ्च स दशाहं समापयेत्

anyagotropyasambaddhaḥ(2) pretasyāgnindadāti yaḥ piṇḍañcodakadānañca sa daśāhaṃ samāpayet

Even one of another gotra and unrelated (to the deceased), who gives the fire to a dead man, and the ball of rice and the offering of water — he should complete the ten days (of impurity).

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.21

उदकञ्च तृणं भस्म द्वारम्पन्थास्तथैव च :न् १ अग्न्याधानमग्निहोत्रमिति ख॥ , छ॥ च २ अन्यगोत्रो ऽन्यसम्बन्ध इति ख॥ , घ॥ , ञ॥ च :प् १६१ एभिरन्तरितं कृत्वा पङ्क्तिदोषो न विद्यते

udakañca tṛṇaṃ bhasma dvārampanthāstathaiva ca :n 1 agnyādhānamagnihotramiti kha.. , cha.. ca 2 anyagotro 'nyasambandha iti kha.. , gha.. , ña.. ca :p 161 ebhirantaritaṃ kṛtvā paṅktidoṣo na vidyate

Water, grass, ash, a door, and likewise a path: having made a separation by these, no fault of the (dining) row arises.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition

AgP 166.22

पञ्च प्राणाहुतीर्दद्यादनामाङ्गुष्ठयोगतः ॥२२

pañca prāṇāhutīrdadyādanāmāṅguṣṭhayogataḥ //22

He should offer the five oblations to the breaths, using the ring finger together with the thumb.

AI translation rendered from the Sanskrit, not a published edition